2. Description of the services provided by Active Demand
2.3. Standardized formulation of the AD services
2.3.2. AD services for regulated players
The list of the seven AD services and corresponding products for the regulated players is given in Table 10. Each of these services is described in detail in Appendix D.
Table 10. List of AD services for regulated players (DSO, TSO) Player
DSO TSO
Service type AD Service Type of AD Product
X X
Scheduled Re-Profiling for Voltage Regulation and Power Flow Control (slow) - SRP-VRPF-SL SRPX X
Voltage regulation and power flow
control Conditional Re-Profiling for Voltage Regulation and Power Flow control (fast) - CRP-VRPF-FT
CRP
X
Bi-directional Conditional Re-Profiling for Tertiary Reserve (fast) - CRP-2-TR-FT CRP-2X
Tertiary Active
Power Control Bi-directional Conditional Re-Profiling for Tertiary Reserve (slow) - CRP-2-TR-SL
CRP-2
X X
Scheduled Re-Profiling Load Reduction (slow) - SRP-LR-SL SRPX X
Scheduled Re-Profiling Load Reduction (fast) - SRP-LR-FT SRPX X
Smart Load Reduction
Conditional Re-Profiling Load Reduction (fast) - CRP-LR-FT
CRP
NB: the three types of services (Voltage Regulation and Power Flow Control, Tertiary Active Power Control and Smart Load Reduction) have been described in Subsection 2.1.2.
Two examples of such AD services are now given for the Voltage Regulation and Power Flow control (VRPF) type of service: one for a SRP and another one for the CRP. These examples are the ones that will be used later to define the reference use cases for all AD services to the regulated players that will be presented in Subsection 2.5.
Network operators (DSO and TSO) can resort to AD products to carry out voltage regulation and power flow control. They can accomplish these functions by foreseeing production/consumption plans for a target period and rearranging them if they do not comply with network constraints. They also acquire the possibility of requesting a production/consumption re-profiling during the target period, to be used as back up.
Scheduled Re-profiling for Voltage Regulation and Power Flow control – Slow (SRP-VRPF-SL)
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longer) verifying the compliance with network security constraints. If violations are deemed to occur (e.g. the voltage in some points of the network or the power flows in some lines exceed the limits) the plan is rearranged until it complies with the network operational limits. For the rearrangement, an SRP AD product can be used: aggregators then have an obligation to deliver the specified power re- profiling shape during the specified delivery period. This service will be procured with day-ahead timings or longer. This strategy may be utilized to support the long term infrastructure investment plans of the DSO or TSO.
Name of service Scheduled re-profiling for voltage regulation and power flow control (slow) – (uses SRP)
Requester DSO or TSO
Supplier Aggregator
Service ID SRP-VRPF-SL
Other actors involved Consumers, Markets, TSO or DSO (for technical verification and/or coordination – see Section 2.4.1)
Service negotiation gate closure
Lead time before the product is delivered: Hour(s) before the delivery, or longer.
Availability interval Time interval over which the service may be activated Tser : N/A (as this
is a SRP service)
Minimum volume Minimum volume: DSO or TSO may specify the minimum volume of to be associated with the service for it to be useful
Requested/supplied power or power curve shape (MW/MVAr over time)
- Service volume: power (MW and/or MVAr) to be delivered by aggregator, Vserpo
- Activation time, Tact: N/A. (as it is a SRP service).
- Service deployment duration, Tdur: Hours or all day long, depending
on the foreseen duration of network constraint violation.
- Deployment ramping and ending limitation range, Rlimdep, Rlimend (MW and or MVAr/minute): DSO or TSO specifies on a case-by-case basis the deployment and ending ramping limitation range
(MW/min) by means of Distribution Management system (DMS) or Energy Management Systems (EMS) tools (state estimation, dynamic simulations, etc.). For instance, the ramp should be smooth enough to limit voltage transients.
- Shape of the service delivery envelope (minimum and maximum, MW and/or MVAr): DSO or TSO specifies upper and lower bounds on the service case by case through DMS or EMS tools (state estimation, load flow simulations, etc.). For example, upper and lower limit are determined by network operation constraints such as capacity of lines, voltage profiles.
Price structure (€, €/MW, €/MWh)
Deployment energy price (€/MWh, €/MVArh).
Price to be paid to the provider by the buyer of the product for the associated power delivery; it is determined by market and contracts.
Locational information (connection node,
substation (TSO level),etc)
DSO: Load area (section of low voltage line, low voltage line, MV/LV substation, …). Each area is composed of several customers whose loads are equivalent from the electrical point of view; the belonging Area
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must be communicated to the aggregators6 and updated on every change.
TSO: Aggregation of load areas (macro load area – TSO-zone) Other conditions Charge/penalty for non-delivery.
Conditional Re-profiling for Voltage Regulation and Power Flow control – Fast (CRP-VRPF-FT)
The actual daily production/consumption profile poses different problems; due to forecast errors, power imbalance or participants’ non-compliant behaviour with their commitments, some constraints could be violated. In this case, the DSO or TSO must correct the situation, possibly by activating conditional AD products. This can be seen as a CRP AD product, as the power delivery has to be “triggered” by the DSO or TSO. The buyer has the option to call for the re-profiling to be delivered by aggregators; standing/option fee in the price structure has to be envisaged. This service will be procured with hour-ahead timings or longer, and activated in real time.
Name of service Conditional re-profiling for voltage regulation and power flow control (fast) - (uses CRP)
Requester DSO or TSO
Supplier Aggregator Service ID CRP-VRPF-FT
Other actors involved Consumers, Markets, TSO or DSO (for technical verification and/or coordination – see Section 2.4.1)
Service negotiation gate closure
Lead time before the product can be activated: Hour(s) before the delivery, or longer.
Availability interval Time interval over which the service may be activated, Tser : Hours or all
day long
Minimum volume Minimum volume: DSO or TSO may specify the minimum volume of to be associated with the service for it to be useful
Requested/supplied power or power curve shape (MW/MVAr over time)
- Service volume: power (MW and/or MVAr) to be delivered by aggregator, Vserpo
- Activation time, Tact: 15-20 minutes
- Service deployment duration, Tdur: To be qualified, AD has to be
capable of granting a minimum duration (to be defined). Actual deployment duration is decided by DSO or TSO, either when the service is activated or with further orders during the deployment. It could be required to be equal to the settlement period (e.g. 15 min) or its multiples.
- Deployment ramping and ending limitation range, Rlimdep, Rlimend
(MW and or MVAr/minute): DSO or TSO specifies on a case-by- case basis the deployment and ending ramping limitation range (MW/min) by means of DMS or EMS tools (state estimation, dynamic simulations, etc.). For instance, the ramp should be smooth enough to limit voltage transients.
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- Shape of the service delivery envelope (minimum and maximum, MW and/or MVAr): DSO or TSO specifies upper and lower bounds on the service case by case through DMS or EMS tools (state estimation, load flow simulations, etc.). For example, upper and lower limit are determined by network operation constraints such as capacity of lines, voltage profiles.
Price structure (€, €/MW, €/MWh)
Standing fee (€) or Availability payment (€/MW), to be paid to the aggregator for making available callable re-profiling
Deployment energy price (€/MWh, €/MVArh). This is the price to be paid the provider by the buyer of the product for the associated energy delivery; it is determined by market and contracts.
Locational information (connection node,
substation (TSO level),etc)
DSO: Load area (section of low voltage line, low voltage line, MV/LV substation, …). Each area is composed of several customers whose loads are equivalent from the electrical point of view; the belonging Area must be communicated to the aggregators7 and updated on every change.
TSO: Aggregation of load areas (macro load area – TSO-zone) Other conditions The following conditions could be in force:
- Maximum number and frequency of calls across the availability interval, and/or over a longer interval.
- Minimum time before the next call can be issued.
- Charge/penalty for non-delivery.
The use cases for the above two examples in case the service is provided to the DSO are described in Section 2.5.2 and are used to some extent as reference use cases for the regulated players.