Appendix I: Original and adapted constructs TRI

Construct Definition Original Item Author and Cronbach’s alpha

Adapted item Adapted for respondent group Excluded by the factor analysis

Optimism A positive view of technology and a belief that it offers people increased control, flexibility, and efficiency in their live (Parasuraman & Colby, 2001, p. 34). 1. Technology gives people more control over their daily lives

Godoe and Johansen (2012), Parasuraman (2000), Cronbach’s alpha: ≥0.83 1. Technology gives people more control over their daily lives

Patients and Physicians

2. Products and services that use the newest technologies are much more convenient to use

2. Products and services that use the newest technologies are much more convenient to use 3. You prefer to use

the most advanced technology available

3. You prefer to use the most advanced technology available 4. Technology

makes you more efficient in your occupation

4. Technology makes you more efficient in your occupation 5. Technology gives

you more freedom of mobility

6. You feel confident that machines will follow through with what you instructed them to do

5. Technology gives you more freedom of mobility

6. You feel confident that machines will follow through with what you instructed them to do

Innovativeness A tendency to be a technology pioneer and thought leader (Parasuraman & Colby, 2001, p. 36).

1. Other people come to you for advice on new technologies

Godoe and Johansen (2012), Lin & Hsieh (2005); Parasuraman (2000), Cronbach’s alpha: ≥0.85 1. Other people come to you for advice on new technologies Patients and Physicians Yes (Physicians)

2. In general, you are among the first in your circle of friends to acquire new technology when it appears

2. In general, you are among the first in your circle of friends to acquire new technology when it appears 3. You can usually

figure out new high- tech products and services without help from others

3. You can usually figure out new high- tech products and services without help from others 4. You keep up with

the latest technological developments in your areas of interest

4. You keep up with the latest technological developments in your areas of interest 5. You find you have

fewer problems than other people in making technology work for you

5. You find you have fewer problems than other people in making technology work for you

Discomfort A perceived lack of control over technology and a feeling of being overwhelmed by it (Parasuraman & Colby, 2001, p. 41). 1. Technical support lines are not helpful because they do not explain things in terms you understand Godoe and Johansen (2012), Cronbach’s alpha: ≥0.74 1. Technical support lines are not helpful because they do not explain things in terms you understand Patients and Physicians 2. Sometimes, you think that technology systems are not designed for use by ordinary people

2. Sometimes, you think that technology systems are not designed for use by ordinary people 3. There is no such

thing as a manual for a high-tech product or service that is written in plain language

3. There is no such thing as a manual for a high-tech product or service that is written in plain language 4. If you buy a high-

tech product or service, you prefer to have the basic model over one with a lot of extra features

4. If you buy a high- tech product or service, you prefer to have the basic model over one with a lot of extra features Yes (Physicians) 5. There should be caution in replacing important people- tasks with technology because 5. There should be caution in replacing important people- tasks with technology because Yes (Patients and Physicians)

new technology can breakdown or get disconnected

new technology can breakdown or get disconnected

6. Many new technologies have health or safety risks that are not discovered until after people have used them

6. Many new technologies have health or safety risks that are not technology work for you

Yes (Physicians)

7. Technology always seems to fail at the worst possible time

7. Technology always seems to fail at the worst possible time Yes (Patients and Physicians) Insecurity Distrust of technology and scepticism about its ability to work properly (Parasuraman & Colby, 2001, p. 44). 1. Revolutionary new technology is usually a lot safer than critics lead people to believe. [reverse scored] Godoe and Johansen (2012), Cronbach’s alpha: ≥0.88

1. Critics lead people to believe that revolutionary new technologies are less safe than they usually are

Patients and Physicians

2. A machine or computer is going to be a lot more reliable in doing a task than a person. [reverse scored]

2. A machine or computer is going to be less reliable in doing a task than a person 3. It can be risky to switch to a revolutionary new technology too quickly. 3. It can be risky to switch to a revolutionary new technology too quickly. Yes (Physicians) 4. If you buy products that are too high-tech, you may get stuck without replacement parts or service.

4. If you buy products that are too high-tech, you may get stuck without replacement parts or service.

5. Technological innovations always seem to hurt a lot of people by making their skills obsolete.

5. Technological innovations always seem to hurt a lot of people by making their skills obsolete.