Peter Anderson, M.D.
Emergency physician
Fountain Valley Regional Medical Center Fountain Valley, CA
Teresa Brown, R.N.
Director, ED
St. Mary’s Medical Center (SJHS) Apple Valley, CA
Martin B. Buser, M.P.H., F.A.C.H.E.
Founding partner
Hospitalists Management Resources, LLC San Diego, CA
Diana S. Contino, R.N., M.B.A., F.A.E.N.
Senior manager, strategy and operations Deloitte Consulting
Orange County, CA
Irving Edwards, M.D., F.A.C.E.P.
Chairman
Emergent Medical Associates Past president
California Association of Emergency Physicians Manhattan Beach, CA
Steven A. Escoboza President and CEO
Hospital Council San Diego and Imperial Counties San Diego, CA
Terry Glubka, R.N., M.B.A.
CEO
Sutter Solano Medical Center Vallejo, CA
Marcus Godfrey, R.N.
Clinical nurse manager, ED Sutter Roseville Medical Center Roseville, CA
Arthur L. Gruen, M.D., F.A.C.E.P.
President and CEO EA Health Corp.
San Diego, CA
Max Hockenberry
Senior partner and co-founder MaxWorthy Consulting Group Charlotte, NC
Marc Hudock, P.A.-C..
Chief allied medical officer and board member Valley Emergency Physicians Group, Inc.
Walnut Creek, CA Paula Jordan, R.N.
Stroke coordinator St. Agnes Medical Center Fresno, CA
Sheela Kapre, M.D.
Director, neurology services San Joaquin General Hospital (AH) Bakersfiled, CA
Catherine Kay, J.D.
Health care attorney Sherman Oaks, CA Jim Lott
Executive vice president, policy development and communications
Hospital Association of Southern California Los Angeles, CA
Frank Maas
Director, emergency service
Providence Little Company of Mary Hospital Torrance, CA
William D. Melton, M.D.
Director, emergency medicine Sutter Solano Medical Center Vallejo, CA
Penny Nichol
Director, regional growth and sales Sacramento Sierra Region, Sutter Health Sacramento, CA
Martin E. Ogle, M.D., F.A.C.E.P.
Division vice president CEP America
Emeryville, CA Janet O’Leary, R.N.
Trauma program manager
St. Johns Regional Medical Center (CHW) Oxnard, CA
Leon J. Owens, M.D., A.A.S.T.
CEO
Surgical Affiliates Med. Group, Inc.
Director
Mercy San Juan Trauma Center Carmichael, CA
Susan Reynolds, M.D.
CEO
Institute for Medical Leadership Pacific Palisades, CA
Debby Rogers, R.N.
Vice president, quality and emergency services California Hospital Association
Sacramento, CA Joe Rogers
Vice president and COO
Redwood Memorial Hospital (SJHS) Fortuna, CA
Herb Rogove, D.O., F.C.C.M.
Founder
C30 Medical Group Ojai, CA
Kory Stetina COO
EA Health Corp.
San Diego, CA Penny Stroud Co-founder MD Ranger, Inc.
Burlingame, CA
Prentice Tom, M.D.
CMO CEP America Emeryville, CA Clark Wells
Director, new business development Specialists On Call
Westlake, CA Kenneth Wheat COO
Desert Regional Medical Center (Tenet) Palm Springs, CA
Aaron Wolff, R.N., C.E.N.
Manager, performance improvement Operations Assistants Group Catholic Healthcare West San Francisco, CA Judith Yates
Vice president and COO
Hospital Council, San Diego and Imperial Counties San Diego, CA
Endnotes
1. Green, Lois, et al. On-Call Physicians at California’s Emergency Departments: Problems and Potential Solutions.
California HealthCare Foundation, January 2005.
2. Lavarreda, Shana Alex, et al. Number of Uninsured Jumped to More than 8 Million from 2007 to 2009. UCLA Health Policy Research Brief, March 2010.
3. Maiuro, Lisa Simonson, et al. California Hospital Facts and Figures. California HealthCare Foundation, April 2010.
4. Mansuri, Oveys, et al. December 2006. “The Crisis in Emergency and Trauma Care in California and the United States.” Western Journal of Emergency Medicine;
Paradise, Julia, and Cedric Dark. Emergency Departments Under Growing Pressures. Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. Policy Brief, August 2009;
Institute of Medicine. “Hospital-Based Emergency Care:
At the Breaking Point,” “Emergency Medical Services at the Crossroads,” and “Emergency Care for Children:
Growing Pains.” Future of Emergency Care Series, 2006.
5. American Hospital Association. The State of America’s Hospitals — Taking the Pulse, May 2010; DeLia, Derek, et al. Emergency Department Utilization and Capacity. The Synthesis Project. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Research Synthesis Report No. 17, July 2009.
6. McConville, Shannon, and Helen Lee. Emergency Department Care in California: Who Uses it and Why.
Public Policy Institute of California, August 2008.
7. American College of Emergency Physicians. National Report Card on the State of Emergency Medicine: Evaluating the Emergency Care Environment State by State, California Report Card, 2009.
8. Rudkin, Scott, et al. June 2008.”The Worsening of ED On-Call Coverage in California: 6-year Trend.” The American Journal of Emergency Medicine.
9. Menchine, Michael D., and Larry J. Baraff. April 2008.
“On-call Specialists and Higher Level of Care Transfers in California Emergency Departments.” Academic Emergency Medicine 15 (4).
10. Grumbach, Kevin, et al. Fewer and More Specialized:
A New Assessment of Physician Supply in California.
California HealthCare Foundation, June 2009; Mohanty, Sarita, et al. May 2006. “Predictors of On-Call Specialist Response Times in California Emergency Departments.”
Academic Emergency Medicine 13(5).
11. California Healthcare Association. On-Call Physicians ED Backup Survey. Sacramento, CA: May 2003; California Hospital Association and The Performance Alliance.
Emergency Department On-Call Physician Coverage:
Current State + Future Directions Survey, August 2010.
12. O’Malley, Ann S., et. al. Hospital On-Call Coverage:
Is there a Doctor in the House? Center for Studying Health System Change, November 2007; Nataraja, Sruti, et al. Call Coverage Strategies: Best Practices for Securing Cost-Effective Call Coverage. Clinical Executive Teleconference. The Advisory Board Company, 2007– 2008; Burroughs, Jonathan, et al. Emergency Department On-Call Strategies: Solutions for Physician-Hospital Alignment. HCPro, Inc., 2nd ed. 2009;
American College of Emergency Physicians. Availability of On-Call Specialists, an Information Paper, May 2005;
Huff, Charlotte. August 2007. “On Call? No Thanks.”
Hospitals and Health Networks Magazine.
13. MD Ranger. Physician Contract Benchmarks Report for Call Coverage and Medical Direction Services, 2009.
14. Sullivan, Cotter and Associates. Physician On-Call Pay Survey, 2009.
15. Laird, Michael T. Survey of Orthopaedic On-Call Emergency Room Coverage. California Orthopaedic Association, April 2010.
16. Glabman, Maureen. May-June 2005. “Specialist Shortage Shakes Emergency Rooms; More Hospitals Forced to Pay for Specialist Care.” The Physician Executive; Rudkin, Scott. Op. cit.
17. California Hospital Association and The Performance Alliance. Op. cit.
18. Burroughs, J., et. al. Op. cit.
19. California Hospital Association and The Performance Alliance. Op. cit.; Sullivan, Cotter and Associates.
Op. cit.
20. 42 U.S.C. Section 13201-7b(b)(1); 42 U.S.C. Section 1395nn.
21. Office of the Inspector General. OIG Advisory Number 07-10. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, September 27, 2007.
22. Paddock, Michael, and Lauren Kim. October 2007.
“OIG Opines on Propriety of ED On-Call Coverage Arrangements.” Health Lawyers Weekly; Bittinger, Amy M., et al. Best Practices in Structuring Call Coverage After the Recent OIG Advisory Opinion 09-05. American Health Lawyers Association, September 2009.
23. Anderson, Gregory D., and Dinetia M. Newman.
On-Call and Coverage Arrangements: A Formula for Hospital-Physician Tension. American Health Lawyers Association, April 2009.
24. Office of the Inspector General. OIG Advisory Number 09-05. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, May 21, 2009.
25. Bass, Berry & Sims. On-Call Coverage Payments and OIG Advisory Opinion 09-05: Sometimes Positive Opinions Have Negative Implications. Health Law Update, June 10, 2009; Sharamitaro, Anne, and Kelly Gordan. OIG Issues Advisory Opinion Regarding On-Call Compensation.
Health Capital Topics, June 2009.
26. Johnson, Jen. July 2009. “Paying For Call Coverage, What You Should Know.” Healthcare Financial Management.
27. California Hospital Association and The Performance Alliance. Op. cit.
28. Interview with Arthur Gruen, M.D., and Cory Stetina, EA Health, August 18, 2010.
29. The Clinical Advisory Board. Op. cit.; DeMuro, Paul, and David Barby. Dealing With Physician Call Coverage Compensation Costs. Presentation to Southern California Chapter of the Healthcare Financial Management Association, August 2007; Woodard, James, and Thomas Oliver. An Alternative Approach to Emergency Department
Unassigned Call Compensation. The Winchester Attending Faculty Plan, 2005.
30. California Hospital Association and The Performance Alliance. Op. cit.
31. Interview with Max Hockenberry, co-founder MaxWorthy, May 15, 2010.
32. California Hospital Association and The Performance Alliance. Op. cit.
33. California Hospital Association and The Performance Alliance. Op. cit.
34. Rudkin, Scott. Op. cit.; Laird, Michael. Op. cit.
35. Society for Hospital Medicine Web site (www.hospitalmedicine.org).
36. California Hospital Association and The Performance Alliance. Op. cit.
37. Vasilevskis, Eduard, et al. The Rise of the Hospitalist in California. California HealthCare Foundation, July 2007.
38. Darves, Bonnie. January 2009. “Specialists: The Newest Entrants in the Hospital Movement.” The New England Journal of Medicine.
39. Maa, John, et. al. The Surgicalist Hospitalist: A New Solution for Emergency Surgical Care? The American College of Surgeons, November 2007.
40. O’Mara, Michael, et. al. The Surgical Hospitalist: Aligning the Incentives of Patients, Hospitals and Surgeons. Accessed at www.samgioncall.com.
41. Interview with Martin B. Buser, Hospitalist Management Resources, LLC, June 16, 2010.
42. Doyle, Edward. October 2009. “What’s Happening with Hospitalist Compensation.” Today’s Hospitalist;
Burroughs, J., et. al. Op. cit.
43. Interview with Leon J. Owens, M.D., Surgical Affiliated Medical Group, Inc., June 2, 2010.
44. California Hospital Association and The Performance Alliance. Op. cit.
45. Johnston, Barbara, and Neil A. Solomon. Telemedicine in California: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities.
California HealthCare Foundation, July 2008.
46. Meschia, James. Camera in the Emergency Department:
The Evolution of Stroke Telemedicine. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2009; McGee, Marianne Kolbasuk. May 17, 2004. “On Call: Telemedicine Put to Work in the Emergency Room.” InformationWeek; Gonzalez, Armengol, Juan Jorge, et. al. 2009. “Telemedicine in Emergency Care: Methodological and Practical Considerations.” Emergencias 21; 287-94; SoRelle, Ruth. July 2008. “Telemedicine Solving the On-Call Dilemma.” Emergency Medicine News 30 (7); The Abaris Group and University of California, Davis. Telepsychiatry in the Emergency Department: Overview and Case Studies.
California HealthCare Foundation, December 2009.
47. Winnington, Paul. June 2009. “Who’s on Call?” Practical Neurology.
48. American Telemedicine Association Web site (www.americantelemed.org); CMS Proposal on Credentialing and Privileging for Telehealth Providers by Medicare Hospitals. 42 CFR Parts 482 and 485; CMS Medicare and Medicaid Programs: Proposed Changes Affecting Hospital and Critical Access Hospital Conditions of Participation: Credentialing and Privileging of Telemedicine Physicians and Practitioners, 2010.
49. Interviews with Dr. Herb Rogove, C30 Medical Group, July 6, 2010 and Dr. Peter Anderson, Fountain Valley Medical Center, July 1, 2010.
50. “California Builds Unprecedented Broadband Telehealth Network.” California Healthline, August 18, 2010.
51. California HealthCare Foundation, Center for Connected Health Policy, www.chcf.org.
52. Menchine, Michael D., et al. October 2009. “Trends in Midlevel Provider Utilization in Emergency Departments from 1997– 2006.” Academic Emergency Medicine.
53. California Hospital Association and The Performance Alliance. Op. cit.
54. 42 USC 1395cc(a)(1)(I)(iii); 42 CFR 489.20(r)(2);
Johnson, Bruce, and Ann McCullough. September 19, 2008. “’On-Call’ Obligations and Mid-Level Providers:
Balancing Business Goals with EMTALA Compliance Concerns.” Faegre & Benson Newsletter.
55. 42 CFR 485.618(d)(1): Personnel Standards; EMTALA and ED On-Call: How to Manage This Dilemma. ACEP Scientific Assembly, October 6, 2009.
56. The Clinical Advisory Board. Op. cit.
57. Taylor, Mark. April 2009. “On-Call Coverage: Should Hospitals Pay Orthopedic Physicians?” Becker’s Orthopedic and Spine Review.
58. California Hospital Association and The Performance Alliance. Op. cit.
59. Interviews with Martin B. Buser, Hospitalist Management Resources, LLC, June 16, 2010, and Catherine Kay, J.D., October 28, 2010.
60. Dietrich, Mark, and Cindy Eddins Collier. BVR’s Guide of Healthcare Valuation, 2009 Edition. Business Valuation Resources, LLC.
61. Rizk, Emad. February 2005. “Physician Confidence Promotes Pay-for-Performance Compliance.” Managed Healthcare Executive.
62. California Hospital Association and The Performance Alliance. Op. cit.
63. Massingale, Lynn. December 7, 2007. “Emergency Department Throughput: Recognizing and Addressing Five Common Inhibitors.” HealthLeaders News; Brodeur, Mark. February 9-10, 2010. “Improving Patient Throughput In Your Emergency Department, Parts I
& II.” Hospital Leader; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Comprehensive Emergency Department and Inpatient Changes Improve Emergency Department Patient Satisfaction, Reduce Bottlenecks that Delay Admissions.
St. Francis Medical Center, Los Angeles. AHRQ Innovation Exchange, 2006.
64. Hoover, Michele, et al. Improving Emergency Department Flow Through the RME (www.isixsigma.com); RME Case Studies (www.cep.com); Interviews with Prentice Tom, M.D., C.E.P., June 16, 2010, Martin Ogle, M.D., C.E.P., June 11, 2010, and Teresa Brown, St. Mary Medical Center, June 18, 2010.
65. California Hospital Association and The Performance Alliance. Op. cit.
66. Interview with Aaron Wolf, CHW, July 8, 2010.
67. Emergency Nurses Association. Successful Solutions to Crowding: Access, Throughput, Ancillary, Disposition (www.ena.org); Institute for Healthcare Improvement (www.ihi.org).
68. California Hospital Association and The Performance Alliance. Op. cit.
69. Interview with Debby Rogers, R.N., California Hospital Association, June 19, 2010.
70. American College of Emergency Physicians. Emergency Department Observation Units. ACEP Policy Statement.
Revised and approved 2008.
71. California Hospital Association and The Performance Alliance. Op. cit.
72. Tom and Ogle. Op. cit.; Burroughs, et. al. Op. cit.; The Clinical Advisory Board. Op. cit.
73. Beckham, Daniel J. New Twist in Employing Physicians.
Hospitals and Health Networks online. The Beckham Company; Taylor. Op. cit.
74. California Health Care Almanac. A Tighter Bond:
California Hospitals Seek Stronger Ties with Physicians, December 2009.
75. California Health Care Almanac. Op. cit.
76. Hospital Groups Set Up Foundations To Employ Doctors, Pool Resources. California Healthline, November 3, 2010.
77. California Hospitals Weigh Creation of Foundations to Employ Physicians. California Healthline, May 13, 2010.
78. Sullivan and Cotter. Op. cit.; MGMA Survey. Op. cit.
79. Lipton, Steven. EMTALA: A Guide to Patient
“Anti-Dumping” Laws. California Hospital Association.
7th ed., 2009.
80. California Hospital Association and The Performance Alliance. Op. cit.
81. Ibid.
82. Menchine, M., and L. Baraff. Op. cit.
83. Thakur, Nikhil A, et. al. June 2010. “Inappropriate Transfer of Patients With Orthopaedic Injuries to a Level I Trauma Center: A Prospective Study.” Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 24 (6).
84. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Comparative Effectiveness of Regionalized Emergency Care.
March 2010.
85. Regionalizing Emergency Care. Workshop Summary. U.S.
Institutes of Medicine, March 2010.
86. Title 42, CFR 489.24(j), issued November 10, 2003.
87. St. Mary Medical Center. Op. cit.
88. Title 42, CFR 489.20(r)(2) and 489.24(j).
89. Bitterman, Robert A. Community On-Call Physician Programs, presented at ACEP Scientific Assembly, Boston, MA, October, 2009.
90. Ibid.
91. St. Mary Medical Center. Op. cit.
92. Correspondence from California Department of Public Health Deputy Director Kathleen Billingsley regarding medical staff regulations and community call in California, dated August 2, 2010; Pollack, Peter. ED Call: Is Coordinated Care the Solution? Panel Offers Possible Solutions to ED Crisis. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, April 2009.
93. Ibid.
94. California Budget Project. New Federal Health Law Will Significantly Expand Medi-Cal Eligibility and Enrollment.
October 2010.
95. McConville, Shannon. Op. cit.; Garcia, Tamyra, et. al.
Emergency Department Visitors and Visits: Who Used the Emergency Room in 2007? NCHS Data Brief, No. 38, May 2010.
96. American College of Emergency Physicians. National Health Reform Legislation Survey Results, April 2010.
97. “Medi-Cal Could Grow to 10.5M Enrollees by 2019, Report Finds.” California Healthline, October 27, 2010.
98. St. Mary Medical Center. Op. cit.
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