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need to be sure that they are appropriately represented in the surveys we are using, however challenging this may be.

Firstly, we see it as urgent that accurate population estimates be published, and their implications for estimates of migration and the labour force.

In the short term, we recommend that continued efforts be made to encourage the participation of non- Irish nationals in the EU-SILC and the QNHS. The increase in the proportion of non-Irish nationals in the EU-SILC between 2008 and 2009 is encouraging in this regard, but concerns about this sample remain. As this is the only ongoing source of data on income and poverty, this is a salient point.

In the medium term we propose that ethnicity be measured in the QNHS, the EU-SILC and other large scale surveys, as in the 2006 and 2011 Censuses and the Growing Up in Irelandstudy. This would overcome some

of the problems of identifying second-generation immigrants, which is important for monitoring immigrant integration in the future.

Given the importance of measuring integration, an ethnic minority boost sample in an ongoing large-scale survey like the QNHS or the EU-SILC should be

considered. This would be of considerable benefit to the monitoring of integration in Ireland.

It is to be welcomed that surveys like the Sports Monitor now collect data on nationality/country of birth, but it would be useful if samples could be adjusted to account for differential non-response, using information from larger surveys.

As noted in Chapter 1, at EU level, the issue of monitoring the integration of immigrants has received increasing prominence. The usefulness of such an exercise depends in no small measure on the data on which it is based.

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