The primary and secondary data were studied, analysed and scrutinised objectively. This research project made use of some of the common features of analytic methods of analysing data as brought out by Miles et al. (2013: 10) who noted the classical techniques of analysing information:
• Assigning codes or themes to a set of field notes, interview transcripts or documents. • Sorting and sifting through these coded materials to identify similar phrases, relationships
between variables, patterns, themes, categories, distinct differences between subgroups and common sequences.
• Isolating these patterns and processes, commonalities and differences, and taking them out to the field in the next wave of data.
• Noting reflections or other remarks in jottings, journals, and analytic memos.
• Gradually elaborating a small set of assertions, propositions, and generalisations that cover the consistencies discerned in the database.
EVALUATION OF ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS
•Engineering/construction contracts
•Itemised check list of Essential and Desirable criteria IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS •Project information •Project procurement •Profile of project participants • Collaboration phenomenon (nature, enablers, issues, classification, modes)
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• Comparing those generalisations with a formalised body of knowledge in the form of constructs or theories.
The data presented forth in this study has been analysed in such a manner that advances the research project. Therefore, the two steps of data analysis illustrated in Figure 5.1 included the taking of transcribed interviews and archival document evaluation and setting the basis for interpretation and representation. The data were analysed in accordance to the research questions as highlighted in Chapter 1. This serves the purpose of remaining relevant to the research topic and ultimately provided answers posed by the principal research question. The data analysed thus had to provide answers to:
• Nature of collaborative practice in construction.
• Contractor recommendation on application of collaborative practice in a supply chain. • Eradicating the impediments of collaborative practices in South Africa.
• Challenges faced by contracting in implementing collaboration.
•
Key drivers for collaborative practices in a supply chain.5.10.1. Archival document analysis
The first data collection instrument was archival document consisting of contract agreements from each construction site. These forms of contracts were measured against the CIDB guidelines for choosing an appropriate contract (CIDB, 2005: 15-18). The guideline consists of features of a modern form of engineering and construction contract. These criteria are divided into essential criteria and desirable criteria. The criteria are not ranked in any order of precedence but set out the best practice principles around which the “ideal” South African form of contract should be drafted. A detailed template of the documentation is provided in the Appendix 2.
Table 5.2: The Layout of Archival Document evaluation
Contract document evaluation
Number of checklist items Relevant citation
Essential criteria Checklist 1-11 CIDB (2005: 15-16)
Desirable criteria Checklist 12-20 CIDB (2005: 16-18)
5.10.2. Interview protocol
The analysis of the interviews followed an abbreviated guideline of analysing qualitative data developed by Taylor-Powell and Renner (2003: 1-12). The analysis process followed a five- step plan to describe the basic elements of the narrative data analysis and interpretation
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thereof. Figure 5.3 outlines the analysis process followed. The themes are colour coded to allow ease of allocating similar themes across every participant response.
Figure 5.4: Qualitative Analysis process (Developed by Taylor-Powell and Renner, 2003: 2- 5)
To assist in identify the emergent patterns and themes, participant replies are colour-coded across the subgroups of professionals and tradesmen from three cases. The themes were further categorised into primary themes, sub-themes supported by participant quotation. Table 5.2 summarises the emergent themes and subsequent connection to the literature reviewed.
STEP 1: Get to know your data
• Read and re-read text • Write down notes
• Consider the quality of the data
STEP 2:Focus the analysis
• Focus by question or topic, time period or event • Focus by case, individual or
group
STEP 3: Categorise information
• Identify themes or patterns
• organise them into coherent categories • Preset categories • Emergent categories STEP 4: Identify patterns and connections within and between categories STEP 5 : Interpretation- Bringing it all together • Within category • Larger category • Relative importance
65 Table 5.3: Summary of Interview Protocol
Theme Primary Themes Interview Questions
Section in Literature Review Sources 1 On site operational
governance
Questions 2 and 3
2.5.3 Effective Collaboration Shelbourn et al.(2012: 13)
2 Impediments to site practice and
operational structures
Question 6 2.3.1 Characteristics of construction supply chain
Cheng et al. (2010: 246)
3 Enabling practices for supply chain contributors Questions 7 and 13 2.4 Summative Discussion on SCM. 2.5.1 CP in construction. 2.5.3 Effective Collaboration. 2.5.4 Enablers and Barriers to CP in construction Broft et al. (2016: 5- 6); Emuze & Smallwood (2014: 293); Akintoye & Main (2007: 604 Shelbourn et al.(2012: 10,15) 4 Nature of operational structure Questions 1, 5, 9 and 12 2.3 Construction SCM Chunyu (2013: 585) 5 Integration strategies adopted for supply chain contributors
Questions 1 and 5
2.5.2 Categories of CP Shelbourn et al.(2012: 9) 6 Effective building blocks to relational coordination Questions 7,9,10 and 15
2.5.2 Categories of CP Shelbourn et al.(2012: 8-9) 7 Legal compliance vs partnership obligations Questions 4,13 and 14 3.2.1 Collaboration in Australian construction. 3.2.2.2 CS No. 3 and CS No. 6 – Water Treatment Plants. 3.2.2.3 CS No. 5 and CS No. 8- Water Treatment Plant from Private Project Client
Loosemore (2016: 1); Ke et al. (2015: 176); Osipova (2015: 263); Rowlinson & Cheung (2005: 3); Jefferies et al. (2006: 7) 8 Functional composition of supply chain contributors Questions 4 and 5 2.5.1 CP in construction. 2.5.3 Categories of CP Eyaa et al.(2010: 234); Bemelmans et al. (2012: 343); Xue et al. (2007: 197)
9 Impact of project scope on operation
governance structures
Questions 4, 5 and 7
3.2.2.1 CS No. 1 and CS No. 2 – National Museum of Australia
Walker et al (2002: 86) 10 Perceived effects of recruitment strategy Questions 3 and 10
3.2.2.1 CS No. 1 and CS No. 2 – National Museum of Australia
Walker et al. (2002: 86)
11 Impact of project client legislation on supply chain structure
Questions 3, 4, 11 and 12
2.3.1 Characteristics of construction supply chain. 3.2.2.1 CS No. 1 and CS No. 2 – National Museum of Australia
Fengyu & Shengyue (2010: 1193); Walker et al. (2002: 86)
12 Construction industry regulation and their impact on social and production practices Questions 4 and 14 3.3 Overview of Construction the UK Morledge et al. (2008: 28); Egan (1998); 13 Remedial measures to enable successful supply chain integration Question 8 and 13
2.5.4 Enablers and Barriers to CP in construction. 3.3.2 Framework governing collaboration in UK construction Shelbourn et al. (2012: 9-10); Bresnen & Marshall (2000: 826)
5.11. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
The research study endeavoured to uphold all ethical issues to provide protection form harm; extend the opportunity of informed consent; accept and respect the right to privacy and uphold the integrity of all professional participants (Klenke, 2015: 148-149). The research has been scientific and objective, free of biasness and as such no data has been falsified or
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manipulated in order to advance the aim of the investigation (Parsons, 2013: 19). All secondary data, namely journal publications; conference proceedings; technical reports; books, theses and dissertations consulted on this study have been rightfully acknowledged throughout the research (O’Reilly & Kiyimba, 2015: 130).
5.12. SUMMARY
In this chapter, the research methodology used for the study was defined and discussed. The targeted population, sampling of data, data collection instruments were identified and explained. This chapter provided rationale and justification for the selected research approach and design. The next chapter of this dissertation presents an analysis and discussion of the data gathered.
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CHAPTER SIX
RESEARCH RESULTS
6.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the results of the case studies with regard to CP in the South African construction industry. The combination of two sources of data by means of archival documents and interviews were utilised to investigate the collaboration phenomenon in eight construction projects in five South African provinces. The process was steered through the coding and assigning of themes embedded in the research questions raised in Chapter 1 as well as identification of commonalities in the data collection process. The chapter provides a breakdown of the data analysed and the information gathered from the cases. The data follows three concurrent flows of data analysis, namely (Miles et al., 2013: 12-13):
• Data condensation – the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting, and/or transforming the data that appear in the full body of written- up filed notes, interview transcripts, documents and other empirical materials;
• Data display – an organised, compressed assembly of information that allows conclusion drawing and action. Data displays provides an understanding of what is happening in order to inform the remedial actions, and
• Conclusion drawing/ verification – the qualitative analyst interprets what things mean by noting patterns, explanations, causal flows and propositions.