Descriptions of Variables with the Largest Influence on Mobility
Appendix I: Descriptions of Variables with the Largest Influence on Mobility
Source: Opportunity Insights. (n.d.) Geography of Mobility: County Intergenerational Mobility Statistics and Selected Covariates. https://opportunityinsights.org/data/
Category Variable Description
Segregation
Racial Segregation
Multi-group Theil Index calculated at the census-tract level over four groups: White alone, Black alone, Hispanic, and Other (“Theil Index,” 2016). 0 represents no racial segregation and higher numbers represent a higher level of segregation.
Income Segregation
Rank-Order index estimated at the census-tract level using equation (13) in Reardon (2011); the δ vector is given in Appendix A4 of
Reardon's paper. H(pk) is computed for each of
the income brackets given in the 2000 census. Income Inequality Gini Coefficient
The Gini coefficient is a statistical
measurement of inequality that is calculated by analyzing the wealth distribution of a certain region.
Education Quality
School Expenditure per Student
Average expenditures per student in public schools
Student Teacher Ratio Average student-teacher ratio in public schools
Institutions of Social Capital
Social Capital Index
Institutions of social capital will be calculated through the use of the social capital index, developed by Rupasingha and Goetz (2008), which analyzes voter turnout rates, the fraction of people who return their census forms, and various other measures of community participation (Chetty et al., 2014). Fraction Religious Share of religious adherents Family Structure Fraction of Children
with Single Mothers
Number of single female households with children divided by total number of households with children
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