1. Shortal and Osterhout, “Preliminary Stability and Control Tests in the NACA Free-Flight Tunnel.”
2. Herman O. Ankenbruck, “Determination of the Stability and Control Characteristics of a Straight-Wing, Tailless Fighter-Airplane Model in the Langley Free-Flight Tunnel,” NACA Wartime Report ACR No. L5K05 (1946).
3. Fred E. Weick and Carl J. Wenzinger, “Preliminary Investigation of Rolling Moments Obtained with Spoil-ers on Both Slotted and Plain Wings,” NACA TN-415 (1932).
4. M.O. McKinney, “Experimental Determination of the Effects of Dihedral, Vertical Tail Area, and Lift Coef-ficient on Lateral Stability and Control Characteristics,” NACA TN-1094 (1946).
5. John P. Campbell and Charles L. Seacord, Jr., “The Effect of Mass Distribution on the Lateral Stability and Control Characteristics of an Airplane as Determined by Tests of a Model in the Free-Flight Tunnel,”
NACA TR-769 (1943).
6. C.C. Smith, “The Effects of Fuel Sloshing on the Lateral Stability of a Free-Flying Airplane Model,” NACA RM-L8C16 (1948).
7. William R. Bates, “Static Stability of Fuselages Having a Relatively Flat Cross Section,” NACA TN-3429 (1955).
8. Robert O. Schade and James L. Hassell, Jr., “The Effects on Dynamic Lateral Stability and Control of Large Artificial Variations in the Rotary Stability Derivatives,” NACA TN-2781 (1953).
9. Shortal, A New Dimension.
10. Carl A. Sandahl, “Free-Flight Investigation at Transonic and Supersonic Speeds of a Wing-Aileron Con-figuration Simulating the D558-2 Airplane,” NACA RM-L8E28 (1948); Carl A. Sandahl, “Free-Flight Investi-gation at Transonic and Supersonic Speeds of the Rolling Effectiveness for a 42.7° Sweptback Wing Hav-ing Partial-Span Ailerons,” NACA RM-L8E25 (1948).
11. Examples include James H. Parks and Jesse L. Mitchell, “Longitudinal Trim and Drag Characteristics of Rocket-Propelled Models Representing Two Airplane Configurations,” NACA RM-L9L22 (1949); and James L. Edmondson and E. Claude Sanders, Jr., “A Free-Flight Technique for Measuring Damping in Roll by Use of Rocket-Powered Models and Some Initial Results for Rectangular Wings,” NACA RM-L9101 (1949).
155 12. James H. Parks, “Experimental Evidence of Sustained Coupled Longitudinal and Lateral Oscillations
From Rocket-Propelled Model of a 35° Swept-Wing Airplane Configuration,” NACA RM-L54D15 (1954).
13. Grady L. Mitcham, Joseph E. Stevens, and Harry P. Norris, “Aerodynamic Characteristics and Flying Qualities of a Tailless Triangular-Wing Airplane Configuration as Obtained from Flights of Rocket-Propelled Models at Transonic and Low Supersonic Speeds,” NACA TN-3753 (1956).
14. William N. Gardner, “Aerodynamic Characteristics at Transonic Speeds of a 1/7-Scale Rocket-Powered Model of the Grumman XF10F Airplane With Wing Sweepback of 42.5°,” NACA RM-SL54D16 (1954).
15. John V. Becker, The High Speed Frontier, NASA SP-445 (1980).
16. Maurice L. Rasmussen, “Determination of Nonlinear Pitching-Moment Characteristics of Axially Sym-metric Models From Free-Flight Data,” NASA TN-D-144 (1960).
17. Alfred G. Boissevain and Peter F. Intrieri, “Determination of Stability Derivatives from Ballistic Range Tests of Rolling Aircraft Models,” NASA TM-X-399 (1961).
18. Joseph R. Chambers and Mark A. Chambers, Radical Wings and Wind Tunnels (Specialty Press, 2008).
19. Charles Donlan, “An Interim Report on the Stability and Control of Tailless Airplanes,” NACA TR-796 (1944).
20. J.P. Campbell and M.O. McKinney, “Summary of Methods for Calculating Dynamic Lateral Stability and Response and for Estimating Lateral Stability Derivatives,” NACA TN-2409 (1951).
21. P.C. Boisseau, “Investigation in the Langley Free-Flight Tunnel of the Low-Speed Stability and Control Characteristics of a 1/10-Scale Model Simulating the Convair F-102AAirplane,” NACA RM-SL55B21 (1955).
22. Charles J. Donlan and William C. Sleeman, “Low-Speed Wind-Tunnel Investigation of the Longitudinal Stability Characteristics of a Model Equipped with a Variable-Sweep Wing,” NACA RM-L9B18 (1949).
23. Forward-swept wing studies included: C.V. Bennett, “Investigation of the Stability and Control Charac-teristics of a 1/20-Scale Model of the Consolidated Vultee XB-53 Airplane in the Langley Free-Flight Tun-nel,” NACA RM-SL7J17 (1947); B. Maggin and A.H. LeShane, “Tow Tests of a 1/17.8-Scale Model of the XFG-1 Glider in the Langley Free-Flight Tunnel,” NACA MR-L5H21 (1945); and H.O. Ankenbruck, “Deter-mination of the Stability and Control Characteristics of a 1/10-Scale Model of the MCD-387-A Swept- Forward Wing, Tailless Fighter Airplane in the Langley Free-Flight Tunnel,” NACA MR-L6G02 (1946).
24. Joseph L. Johnson, “Stability and Control Characteristics of a 1/10-Scale Model of the McDonnell XP-85 Airplane While Attached to the Trapeze,” NACA RM-L7J16 (1947).
REFERENCES
156 MODELING FLIGHT
25. Robert E. Shanks and David C. Grana, “Flight Tests of a Model Having Self-Supporting Fuel-Carrying Panels Hinged to the Wing Tips,” NACA RM-L9107a (1949); C.V. Bennett and P.C. Boisseau, “Free-Flight-Tunnel Investigation of the Dynamic Lateral Stability and Control Characteristics of a High-Aspect-Ratio Bomber Model with a Sweptback-Wing Fighter Model Attached to Each Wing Tip,” NACA RM-L52E03 (1952).
26. Chambers, Radical Wings and Wind Tunnels.
27. William R. Bates, Powell M. Lovell, Jr., and Charles C. Smith, Jr., “Dynamic Stability and Control Char-acteristics of a Vertically Rising Airplane Model in Hovering Flight,” NACA RM-L50J16 (1951).
28. Hovering and transition tests included: P.M. Lovell, C.C. Smith, and R.H. Kirby, “Stability and Control Flight Tests of a 0.13-Scale Model of the Consolidated Vultee XFY-1 Airplane in Take-Offs, Landings, and Hovering Flight,” NACA RM-SL52I26 (1952); and P.M. Lovell, C.C. Smith, and R.H. Kirby, “Flight Investiga-tion of the Stability and Control Characteristics of a 0.13-Scale Model of the Convair XFY-1 Vertically Rising Airplane During Constant-Altitude Transitions,” NACA RM-SL53E18 (1953).
29. Robert O. Schade, “Flight Test Investigation on the Langley Control-Line Facility of a Model of a Propel-ler-Driven Tail-Sitter-Type Vertical-Take-off Airplane with Delta Wing During Rapid Transitions,” NACA TN-4070 (1957).
30. Charles C. Smith, Jr., “Hovering and Transition Flight Tests of a 1/5-Scale Model of a Jet-Powered Vertical-Attitude VTOL Research Airplane,” NASA TN-D-404 (1961); Charles C. Smith, Jr., “Flight Tests of a 1/6-Scale Model of the Hawker P.1127 Jet VTOL Airplane,” NASA TM-SX-531 (1961); Louis P. Tosti,
“Rapid-Transition Tests of a ¼-Scale Model of the VZ-2 Tilt-Wing Aircraft,” NASA TN-D-946 (1961).
31. Robert H. Kirby, “Stability and Control Flight Tests of a Vertically Rising Airplane Model Similar to the Lockheed XFV-1 Airplane,” NACA RM-SL54J18 (1954); Robert H. Kirby, “Flight Investigation of the Stability and Control characteristics of a Vertically Rising Airplane with Swept or Unswept Wings and x- or +- Tails,”
NACA TN-3812 (1956).
32. Mark W. Kelly and Lewis H. Smaus, “Flight Characteristics of a 1/4-Scale Model of the XFV-1 Airplane,”
NACA RM-SA52J15 (1952).
33. W.A. Newsom, Jr., and E.L. Anglin, “Free-Flight Model Investigation of a Vertical Attitude VTOL Fighter,”
NASA TN-D-8054 (1975); Sue B. Grafton and Ernie L. Anglin, “Free-Flight Model Investigation of a Vertical-Attitude VTOL Fighter with Twin Vertical Tails,” NASA TN-D-8089 (1975).
34. Robert Kress, “The Last Frontier: VTOL,” Flight Journal Magazine (June 2003).
35. Chambers, Partners in Freedom.
36. Smith, “Flight Tests of the Hawker P.1127.”
157 37. Powell M. Lovell, Jr., and Lysle P. Parlett, “Hovering-Flight Tests of a Model of a Transport Vertical
Take-Off Airplane with Tilting Wing and Propellers,” NACA TN-3630 (1956); Powell M. Lovell, Jr., and Lysle P.
Parlett, “Flight Tests of a Model of a High-Wing Transport Vertical-Take-Off Airplane With Tilting Wing and Propellers and With Jet Controls at the Rear of the Fuselage for Pitch and Yaw Control,” NACA TN-3912 (1957).
38. Louis P. Tosti, “Flight Investigation of Stability and Control Characteristics of a 1/8-Scale Model of a Tilt-Wing Vertical-Take-Off-And-Landing Airplane,” NASA TN-D-45 (1960); Louis P. Tosti, “Longitudinal Stability and Control of a Tilt-Wing VTOL Aircraft Model with Rigid and Flapping Propeller Blades,” NASA TN-D-1365 (1962); William A. Newsom and Robert H. Kirby, “Flight Investigation of Stability and Control Characteristics of a 1/9-Scale Model of a Four-Propeller Tilt-Wing V/STOL Transport,” NASA TN-D-2443 (1964).
39. John P. Campbell, Jr., and Joseph L. Johnson, Jr., “Wind-Tunnel Investigation of an External-Flow Jet-Augmented Slotted Flap Suitable for Applications to Airplanes with Pod-Mounted Jet Engines,” NACA TN-3898 (1956).
40. Lysle P. Parlett, “Free-Flight Wind-Tunnel Investigation of a Four-Engine Sweptwing Upper-Surface Blown Transport Configuration,” NASA TM-X-71932 (1974); Lysle P. Parlett, “Free-Flight Investigation of the Stability and Control Characteristics of a STOL Model with an Externally Blown Jet Flap,” NASA TN-D-7411 (1974); Chambers, Radical Wings and Wind Tunnels.
41. Donald E. Hewes, “Free-Flight Investigation of Radio-Controlled Models with Parawings,” NASA TN-D-927 (1961).
42. Joseph L. Johnson, Jr., “Low-Speed Wind-Tunnel Investigation to Determine the Flight Characteristics of a Model of a Parawing Utility Vehicle,” NASA TN-D-1255 (1962).
43. Joseph L. Johnson, Jr., “Low-Speed Force and Flight Investigation of a Model of a Modified Parawing Utility Vehicle,” NASA TN-D-2492 (1965).
44. Sanger M. Burk, Jr., “Free-Flight Investigation of the Deployment, Dynamic Stability, and Control Char-acteristics of a 1/12-Scale Dynamic Radio-Controlled Model of a Large Booster and Parawing,” NASA TN-D-1932 (1963).
45. Charles E. Libbey, “Free-Flight Investigation of the Deployment of a Parawing Recovery Device for a Radio-Controlled 1/5-Scale Dynamic Model Spacecraft,” NASA TN-D-2044 (1963).
46. Chambers, Radical Wings and Wind Tunnels.
47. Chambers, Partners in Freedom.
48. Ibid.
REFERENCES
158 MODELING FLIGHT
49. John P. Campbell and Hubert M. Drake, “Investigation of Stability and Control Characteristics of an Airplane Model with Skewed Wing in the Langley Free-Flight Tunnel,” NACA TN-1208 (1947).
50. Edward C. Polhamus and Thomas A. Toll, “Research Related to Variable Sweep Aircraft Development,”
NASA TM-83121 (1981).
51. Michael J. Hirschberg and David M. Hart, “A Summary of a Half-Century of Oblique Wing Research,”
AIAA Paper 2007-150 (2007).
52. Ibid.
53. James E. Murray, Joseph W. Pahle, Stephen P. Thornton, Shannon Vogus, Tony Frackowiak, Joe Mello, and Brook Norton, “Ground and Flight Evaluation of a Small-Scale Inflatable-Winged Aircraft,” NASA TM-2002-210721 (2002).
54. Chambers, Radical Wings and Wind Tunnels.
55. Joel S. Levine, et al., “Science from a Mars Airplane: The Aerial Regional-Scale Environmental Survey (ARES) of Mars,” AIAA Paper 2003-6576 (2003); P. Sean Kenney and Mark A. Croom, “Simulating the ARES Aircraft in the Mars Environment,” AIAA Paper 2003-6579 (2003).
56. James S. Bowman, Jr., “Dynamic Model Tests at Low Subsonic Speeds of Project Mercury Capsule Configurations With and Without Drogue Parachutes,” NASA TM-X-459 (1961); Henry A. Lee, Peter S.
Costigan, and James S. Bowman, Jr., “Dynamic Model Investigation of a 1/20-Scale Gemini Spacecraft in the Langley Spin Tunnel,” NASA TN-D-2191 (1964); Henry A. Lee and Sanger M. Burk, “Low-Speed Dynamic Model Investigation of Apollo Command Module Configuration in the Langley Spin Tunnel,” NASA TN-D-3888 (1967).
57. Peter S. Costigan, “Dynamic-Model Study of Planetary-Entry Configurations in the Langley Spin Tunnel,” NASA TN-D-3499 (1966).
58. Robert A. Mitcheltree, Charles M. Fremaux, and Leslie A. Yates, “Subsonic Static and Dynamic Aero-dynamics of Blunt Entry Vehicles.”
59. Charles M. Fremaux and R. Keith Johnson, “Subsonic Dynamic Stability Tests of a Sample Return Entry Vehicle,” 4th International Planetary Probe Workshop, Pasadena, CA, June 2006.
60. David E. Hahne and Charles M. Fremaux, “Low-Speed Dynamic Tests and Analysis of the Orion Crew Module Drogue Parachute System,” AIAA Paper 2008-09-05 (2008).
61. Ibid.
159 62. Peter C. Boisseau, “Investigation of the Low-Speed Stability and Control Characteristics of a 1/7-Scale
Model of the North American X-15 Airplane,” NACA RM-L57D09 (1957); Donald E. Hewes and James L.
Hassell, Jr., “Subsonic Flight Tests of a 1/7-Scale Radio-Controlled Model of the North American X-15 Air-plane With Particular Reference to High Angle-of-Attack Conditions,” NASA TM-X-283 (1960).
63. Dennis R. Jenkins and Tony R. Landis, Hypersonic-The Story of the North American X-15 (Specialty Press, 2008).
64. John W. Paulson, Robert E. Shanks, and Joseph L. Johnson, “Low-Speed Flight Characteristics of Reentry Vehicles of the Glide-Landing Type,” NASA TM-X-331 (1960).
65. Robert E. Shanks and George M. Ware, “Investigation of the Flight Characteristics of a 1/5-Scale Model of a Dyna-Soar Glider Configuration at Low Subsonic Speeds,” NASA TM-X-683 (1962).
66. James L. Hassell, Jr., “Investigation of the Low-Subsonic Stability and Control Characteristics of a 1/3-Scale Free-Flying Model of a Lifting-Body Reentry Configuration,” NASA TM-X-297 (1960).
67. R. Dale Reed, Wingless Flight: The Lifting Body Story, NASA SP-4220 (1997).
68. Robert E. Shanks, “Investigation of the Dynamic Stability and Controllability of a Towed Model of a Modified Half-Cone Reentry Vehicle,” NASA TN-D-2517 (1965).
69. George M. Ware, “Investigation of the Flight Characteristics of a Model of the HL-10 Manned Lifting Entry Vehicle,” NASA TM-X-1307 (1967).
70. Robert E. Shanks, “Investigation of the Dynamic Stability of Two Towed Models of a Flat-Bottom Lifting Reentry Configuration,” NASA TM-X-1150 (1966).
71. Reed, Wingless Flight.
72. Alex G. Sim, James E. Murray, David C. Neufeld, and R. Dale Reed, “The Development and Flight Test of a Deployable Precision Landing System for Spacecraft Recovery,” NASA TM-4525 (1993).
73. Delma C. Freeman, Jr., “Low Subsonic Flight and Force Investigation of a Supersonic Transport Model with a Variable-Sweep Wing,” NASA TN-D-4726 (1968); Delma C. Freeman, Jr., “Low Subsonic Flight and Force Investigation of a Supersonic Transport Model with a Double-Delta Wing,” NASA TN-D-4179 (1968).
74. Delma C. Freeman, Jr., “Low Subsonic Flight and Force Investigation of a Supersonic Transport Model with a Highly Swept Arrow Wing,” NASA TN-D-3887 (1967).
75. Linwood W. McKinney and Edward C. Polhamus, “A Summary of NASA Data Relative to External-Store Separation Characteristics,” NASA TN-D-3582 (1966).
REFERENCES
160 MODELING FLIGHT
76. William J. Alford, Jr., and Robert T. Taylor, “Aerodynamic Characteristics of the X-15/B-52 Combination,”
NASA Memo 8-59L (1958).
77. Robert W. Rainey, “A Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Bomb Release at a Mach Number of 1.62,” NACA RM-L53L29 (1954).
78. Shortal, A New Dimension.
79. Carl A. Sandahl and Maxime A. Faget, “Similitude Relations for Free-Model Wind-Tunnel Studies of Store-Dropping Problems,” NACA TN-3907 (1957).
80. Chambers, Radical Wings and Wind Tunnels.
81. Dan D. Vicroy, “Blended-Wing-Body Low-Speed Flight Dynamics: Summary of Ground Tests and Sam-ple Results,” AIAA Invited Paper Presented at the 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Jan.
2009.
82. Joseph R. Chambers, Concept to Reality, NASA SP 2003-4529 (2003).
83. Dale R. Satran, “Wind-Tunnel Investigation of the Flight Characteristics of a Canard General-Aviation Airplane Configuration,” NASA TP-2623 (1986).
84. Jay M. Brandon, Frank L. Jordan, Jr., Robert A. Stuever, and Catherine W. Buttrill, “Application of Wind Tunnel Free-Flight Technique for Wake Vortex Encounters,” NASA TP-3672 (1997).
85. Robert E. Shanks, “Aerodynamic and Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Models of Some Aircraft-Towed Mine-Sweeping Devices,” NACA RM-SL55K21 (1955); Robert E. Shanks, “Experimental Investigation of the Dynamic Stability of a Towed Parawing Glider Model,” NASA TN-D-1614 (1963); Robert E. Shanks,
“Investigation of the Dynamic Stability and Controllability of a Towed Model of a Modified Half-Cone Reentry Vehicle,” NASA TN-D-2517 (1965).
86. Marvin Pitkin and Robert E. Shanks, “Flight Tests of a Glider Model Towed by Twin Parallel Towlines,”
NACA RB-3D30 (1943).
87. B. Maggin and A.H. LeShane, “Tow Tests of a 1/17.8-Scale Model of the XFG-1 Glider in the Langley Free-Flight Tunnel,” NACA MR-L5H21 (1945); B. Maggin and C.V. Bennett, “Tow Tests of a 1/17-Scale Model of the P-80A Airplane in the Langley Free-Flight Tunnel,” NACA MR-L5K06 (1945).
88. B. Maggin and Robert E. Shanks, “Experimental Determination of the Lateral Stability of a Glider Towed by a Single Towline and Correlation with an Approximate Theory,” NACA RM-L8H23 (1948).
89. Robert E. Shanks, “Free-Flight Tunnel Investigation of the Stability and Control of a Republic F-84E Airplane Towed by a Short Towline,” NACA RM-SL52K13a (1952); D.C. Grana and R.E. Shanks,
161
“Free-Flight Tunnel Investigation of the Dynamic Stability and Control Characteristics of a Chance Vought F7U-3 Airplane in Towed Flight,” NACA RM-SL53D07 (1953).
90. Dwain A. Deets and Carl A. Crother, “Highly Maneuverable Aircraft Technology,” AGARD Active Controls in Aircraft Design (1978).
91. Dwain A. Deets, V. Michael DeAngelis, and David P. Lux, “HiMAT Flight Program: Test Results and Program Assessment Overview,” NASA TM-86725 (1986).
92. Laurence A. Walker, “Flight Testing the X-36-The Test Pilot’s Perspective,” NASA CR-198058 (1997).