E DITORIAL P RINCIPLES

To enable the reader to reconstruct an understanding of the writing practice in the manuscript journal and to make clear the degree of editorial intervention in both the initial transcription and the later abridged text the following editorial practices are noted:

Abridged text

Spelling: Spelling has not been corrected and words are transcribed exactly as they appear in the journal notebooks. In the early journal the words ―almost,‖ ―always‖ and ―altogether‖ are consistently spelt ―allmost,‖ ―allways‖ and ―alltogether‖ respectively. In later notebooks the conventional spelling is adopted. In all of the transcribed notebooks ―droll‖ and ―stroll‖ are spelt ―drole‖ and ―strole.‖ Words ending in ―our‖ such as ―favour‖ and ―honour‖ are spelt ―favor‖ and ―honor‖ in accordance with nineteenth-century practice. Similarly, ―mosquito‖ and ―ankle‖ are spelt in the nineteenth-century fashion as ―musquitoe‖ and ―ancle.‖ In the transcription these words and others which are used consistently, or those whose spellings are now obsolete but are in the OED, are not followed by [sic] to indicate misspelling. In the case of idiosyncratic and unusual misspellings the standard [sic] has been placed after the word. This is also the case for repeated words and phrases. This procedure is adopted to assure the reader that the transcribed text is accurate and reflects the author‘s practice rather than an error introduced in the editorial process. Compound words such as ―bedroom‖ and ―somewhere,‖ which are represented as two words, are also reproduced exactly as they appear in the notebooks. Similarly, names of people and places are transcribed as they are written, and although attention is drawn to the error or misunderstanding, inconsistencies are allowed to stand.

Capitalisation: The transcription reproduces the erratic capitalisation characteristic of the manuscript. Annie commonly capitalises words mid-sentence for no apparent reason and frequently begins a new sentence with a lower-case letter. This practice has been followed as closely as possible in transcription. Where it is impossible to determine the author‘s intention a

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judgement has been made. (The lower-case and upper-case versions of ―e‖, ―d‖ and ―s‖ are particularly difficult to distinguish one from the other.)

Abbreviations: Abbreviations of words or names have not been expanded. All titles of address (standard and non-standard) and months of the year are left in their abbreviated form and reproduced in exactly the same way they appear in the manuscript. Superscripted letters in these words have not been brought to the baseline. Similarly, the occasional substitution of the suffix ―ing‖ with a superscripted ―g‖ remains unexpanded and the superscript stands.

Punctuation: Punctuation for the most part remains faithful to the manuscript. In the early journal sections either the dash, double dash (=) or swung dash (~) are used to signify the end of the sentence or a break in the continuity of the sentence. In each case the abridged text reproduces the manuscript version. Dashes in the text are reproduced as en-dashes. In the later journal colons and semi-colons largely replace the dash as a method of signalling breaks in sentence continuity. They are used interchangeably and often; as above, the transcription follows the manuscript as far as possible. However, where it is impossible to distinguish between marks on the page orthodox practice has been followed and the emendation made silently. In both versions of the text, the common nineteenth-century practice of repeated inverted commas at the beginning of every line of a quotation has been silently emended. Annie‘s usual way to write the contraction of ―do not‖ was ―do‘nt‖; for this contraction and others like it, the abridged text follows Annie‘s practice.

In the early journal Annie indicates parenthesis in either the standard way ( ) or with a forward slash at each end of the relevant text. In the abridged reading text all parenthesis are represented in the standard way.

Format: Paragraphing in Annie‘s Journal is irregular and unorthodox and, as Frost has identified, a new paragraph is signalled in any of three ways: slight indentation from the margin; a new sentence, with a change in subject matter, on a new line and flush with the left when the previous

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sentence has ended well short of the right-hand side of the page; or a considerable gap and change of subject matter, but no change of line, before starting a new sentence (Journal lii). The method has been standardised in the abridged version of the journal and all new paragraphs within individual entries are indented from the margin.

Dates for individual entries are presented in italics and have been standardised as an aid to the reader to include the month and date for each entry. This departs from Annie‘s usual practice where the month was noted only for the first entry of a particular month. The day of the week is included in the abridged text only when it was present in the manuscript version; however an attempt has been made to supply the date in the month for each entry included in the

abridgement. Dates added during the editing process are enclosed in square brackets. In the manuscript journal, the year is only recorded at the beginning or end of a calendar year or beginning or end of an individual notebook; the abridged text maintains this practice and while not all beginnings and ends of years or journals are presented in the abridged text, changes in the year are indicated where necessary.

French language has been transcribed as accurately as possible and translations of all French words appear in the footnotes. Annie‘s French grammar, sentence structure and spelling are non-standard. Editorial practice for translation in this thesis follows that of Elaine Crane in her 1994 edition of Elizabeth Drinker‘s diary: ―No attempt has been made to standardize or correct any … French phrases, and in many instances the English equivalents are merely approximations of what [was] probably meant‖ (xxiii).

Instances of hieroglyphic code, which Annie occasionally used in the early sections of her journal, have been deciphered. A footnote indicates their location in the text and provides a translation.

The names of all ships are italicised.

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 An illegible word or group of words is indicated as [illegible word] and [illegible words] respectively;

 Words crossed out but still clearly decipherable are reproduced and struck through.  Word or words which have been crossed out but which are indecipherable are

indicated by [word under erasure] or [words under erasure];

 Underlined wordsin the manuscript are also underlined in the transcript (single or double underlining according to author‘s practice);

 Where a word or part of a word appears to have been omitted inadvertently and is required for syntactical sense it has been included in square brackets. Similarly, missing punctuation such as inverted commas and parenthesis which are required to complete a quotation or parenthesis respectively have been included in the same way. Where the omission appears to be deliberate (i.e. a space has been left in the journal text or only the first letter of a word is given) a pair of empty square brackets has been inserted;

 Superscripted words (i.e. those apparently added on rereading) are brought to the baseline and their original position noted in a footnote; and

 Ellipses are used to indicate where portions of entries have been deleted while ellipses in square brackets signal that an entire entry or group of entries had been expurgated.

The Transcription

The practice outlined above largely applies to the initial transcription however the following variations apply:

 Paragraphing has not been standardised. Paragraphs which begin on a new line or are indented are reproduced in accordance with Annie‘s practice and no attempt has been made to standardise these. However, gaps within a line have been omitted as there seemed no way in the transcription to clearly establish them as author‘s practice over editorial error.

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 Those few instances where parentheses are indicated by a forward slash at each end of the relevant text are reproduced in the transcription.

 Page numbers are accurately reproduced and journal text can be identified according to notebook and page number. In the transcription, page numbers in square brackets signal the beginning of a journal page. Pagination follows exactly the sequence of the notebook – a repeat page number is indicated with an asterisk (*). In those instances where Annie has not recorded a page number they have been inserted and signalled in a footnote.  Dates have not been standardised nor are they emphasised in any way; however, for

clarity where Annie has not indicated a change in the month, the month has been inserted in square brackets with the first entry for that month – all other variations for signalling a new entry are retained.

 Superscripted words, apparently added on rereading, are indicated by a three point raise from the baseline.

 The names of ships mentioned are transcribed as they appear in the manuscript; they have not been standardised.

Although the primary principle of division for the transcript is the date and number of Annie‘s individual visits to Van Diemen‘s Land, the journal notebook from which the material is derived is clearly identified according to its number in the sequence. This methodology is intended to alert the reader to the journal‘s materiality and structure as a series of individual but linked notebooks. The notebooks are extensively described in Appendix A (―Description of Notebooks‖) of this thesis. This section gives a detailed description (following current

bibliographic practice) of the notebooks as physical objects and includes material such as names and addresses and names written on endpapers and flyleaves but not strictly speaking part of the journal text, and not therefore included in the transcription. Annotations in the electronic transcription are limited to translation of French language and reportage of states of the text. In the abridged text, the primary principle of division remains the date and number of visit, and

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although the beginnings and ends of individual notebooks are noted they are not signalled to the same extent that they are in the transcription. This decision reflects a primary intention to produce a reading text.

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