THE EDITOR
Deirdre Barrett, PhD, is a psychologist on the faculty of Harvard Medical School’s Behavioral Medicine Program. She is the past president of both the International Association for the Study of Dreams and the American Psycho-logical Association’s Division 30: Society of PsychoPsycho-logical Hypnosis. Dr. Bar-rett has written four books: The Committee of Sleep (Random House, 2001);
The Pregnant Man and Other Cases from a Hypnotherapist’s Couch (Random House, 1998); Waistland (Norton, 2007); and Supernormal Stimuli (Norton, 2010). She is an editor of two additional books, The New Science of Dreaming (Praeger/Greenwood, 2007) and Trauma and Dreams (Harvard University Press, 1996), and has published dozens of academic articles and chapters on health, hypnosis, and dreams. She is editor-in-chief of DREAMING: The Jour-nal of the Association for the Study of Dreams.
Dr. Barrett’s commentary on psychological issues has been featured on Good Morning America, The Today Show, CNN, Fox, and the Discovery Channel.
She has been interviewed for dream articles in the Washington Post, the New York Times, Life, Time, and Newsweek. Her own articles have appeared in Psy-chology Today and Invention and Technology. Dr. Barrett has lectured at Esalen, the Smithsonian, and universities around the world.
THE CONTRIBUTORS
Steve K. D. Eichel, PhD, ABPP, is a licensed and board-certified psychologist in Newark, Delaware, with training in clinical counseling and forensic psy-chology. He became interested in hypnosis while still in college and began his formal training in clinical hypnosis in 1982. Dr. Eichel is an ASCH-approved consultant in clinical hypnosis; he is also a former president of the Greater Philadelphia Society of Clinical Hypnosis and served on its board of governors for ten years. Most of his hypnosis-related research and writing has focused on deceptive, unethical, and coercive persuasion and the manipulation of states
of consciousness, especially by destructive religious, political, and therapy cults. He has also presented national and regional workshops on integrating hypnosis and hypnotic techniques in the treatment of trauma and addictions.
Dr. Eichel currently divides his time between a broad clinical practice, serving on the Delaware State Board of Examiners of Psychologists, the Board of Trustees of the American Board of Professional Psychology, the Professional Advisory Board of the International Cultic Studies Association, and the exec-utive committees of several other professional associations.
Melvin A. Gravitz, PhD, is Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at George Washington University School of Medicine and Behav-ioral Sciences in Washington, DC. He is certified in clinical and in forensic psychology by the American Board of Professional Psychology and in clinical and in experimental hypnosis by the American Board of Psychological Hypno-sis. He is past president of the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis and APA Division 30: Society of Psychological Hypnosis. With a special interest in the history of hypnosis and its forensic applications, he has a personal library of some 2,500 volumes in that field and is a frequent contributor to hypnosis literature.
J€urgen W. Kremer, PhD, Dipl.-Psych., received his education at the University of Hamburg in Germany and is the editor of ReVision – A Journal of Conscious-ness and Transformation. His past positions include: dean of faculty and vice president of academic affairs at Saybrook University in San Francisco; aca-demic dean and program director of the Integral Studies Program and the East-West Psychology Program, as well as codirector of the PhD program for traditional knowledge at the California Institute of Integral Studies. He con-tinues to teach at Saybrook University, CIIS, and Sonoma State University and holds a full-time position at Santa Rosa Junior College. He has cowritten several books, including Towards a Person-Centered Resolution of Intercultural Conflicts” (1980), and contributed extensively to journals, handbooks, readers, and more popular venues. After receiving his doctorate in clinical psychol-ogy at the University of Hamburg, Germany, and working for some years in private practice, Dr. Kremer relocated to San Francisco to teach at Saybrook.
He has edited special ReVision issues on Peace and Identity; Paradigmatic Challenges; Culture and Ways of Knowing; Indigenous Science; and Trans-formative Learning. He has done extensive fieldwork on the use of indige-nous hypnotic-like procedures, especially in Sapmi (arctic Europe) and the Southwestern United States; he has applied his findings in clinical and non-clinical settings.
Stanley Krippner, PhD, is professor of psychology at Saybrook University, San Francisco, California. In 2002, he received the Division 30 Award for Distin-guished Contributions to Professional Hypnosis from the Society of Psycholog-ical Hypnosis of the American PsychologPsycholog-ical Association. During the same About the Editor and Contributors 162
year, he received the American Psychological Association Award for Distin-guished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology. He is a Fellow of APA Division 30, of the Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, and the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis. He has lectured and conducted workshops in psychological hypnosis in Brazil, Cuba, India, Italy, Mexico, Russia, Sweden, and the United States, and is a member of the Swedish Society of Clinical Hypnosis. He is a fellow of the Association for Psychological Sciences, the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion, and the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality. He is the coeditor of Varieties of Anomalous Experience: Examining the Scientific Evidence; Broken Images, Bro-ken Selves: Dissociative Narratives in Clinical Practice; and The Psychological Impact of War Trauma on Civilians: An International Perspective. He has coau-thored Personal Mythology, Extraordinary Dreams, and Haunted by Combat:
Understanding PTSD in Combat Veterans.
Robert G. Kunzendorf, PhD, is professor of psychology at the University of Massachusetts, Lowell, and is coeditor of the journal Imagination, Cognition, and Personality: Consciousness in Theory, Research, Clinical Practice. He has pub-lished over 100 articles concerned primarily with visual imagination, con-sciousness (including hypnotic phenomena that are conscious, but not self-conscious), and existential issues. In addition, he has coedited four books: The Psychophysiology of Mental Imagery, Mental Imagery, Hypnosis and Imagination, and Individual Differences in Conscious Experience. He is currently working on two more books: a monograph on The Evolution of Consciousness and Self-Consciousness and a coauthored work on Envisioning the Dream through Art and Science.
David Spiegel, MD, is the Jack, Lulu, & Sam Willson professor in the School of Medicine, associate chair of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, director of the Center on Stress and Health, and medical director of the Center for Inte-grative Medicine at Stanford University School of Medicine, where he has been a member of the academic faculty since 1975. He is past president of the American College of Psychiatrists and is past president of the Society for Clin-ical and Experimental Hypnosis. He has published 10 books, 349 scientific journal articles, and 148 chapters on hypnosis, psychosocial oncology, stress physiology, trauma, and psychotherapy. His research has been supported by the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute on Aging, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foun-dation, the Fetzer Institute, the Dana Foundation for Brain Sciences, and the Nathan S. Cummings Foundation, among others. He is winner of 22 awards, including the 2004 Judd Marmor Award from the American Psychiatric Asso-ciation for biopsychosocial research and the Hilgard Award from the Interna-tional Society of Hypnosis. His research on cancer patients was featured in Bill Moyers’s Emmy award-winning PBS series, Healing and the Mind, and recently on the Jane Pauley Show and Good Morning America.
About the Editor and Contributors 163
Lynn C. Waelde, PhD, is a professor at the Pacific Graduate School of Psy-chology, Palo Alto University, California, and a consulting associate professor at Stanford University School of Medicine. Her clinical and research interests focus on stress disorders and therapeutic applications of meditation and mind-fulness. Her trauma research has addressed diversity issues such as race-related stress and ethnic identity, dissociation, and responses to natural disasters. She has also investigated applications of meditation and mindfulness to diverse health and mental health issues. She is founder and director of the Inner Resources Center of the Kurt and Barbara Gronowski Psychology Clinic. The center conducts psychoeducational programs, clinical interventions, professio-nal training, and research concerning the applications of mind-body therapies, especially meditation, for mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being.
Waelde has a bachelor’s degree in psychology and a master’s degree in anthro-pology from Louisiana State University. She received her master’s and doctoral degrees in developmental child clinical psychology from the University of Col-orado at Boulder. She completed her predoctoral internship at the VA Medi-cal Center in New Orleans, where she completed training as a PTSD specialist.
Matthew White, MD, MS, did his undergraduate work at Stanford University and earned his MD and MS from the UC Berkeley / UC San Francisco Joint Medical Program. After residencies in Internal Medicine at UC San Francisco and in Psychiatry at Stanford University he is currently completing an NIMH-sponsored post-doctoral fellowship. His research focuses on using functional MRI to study hypnosis as well as various psychiatric disorders, including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and trichotillomania.
Ian E. Wickramasekera II, PsyD, is on the faculty of the University of Illinois Medical School, Chicago. He previously directed the hypnosis training pro-gram at the Adler School of Professional Psychology from 2004 to 2008. In his research and clinical work, he draws upon his background in B€on-Buddhism, humanistic/transpersonal psychology, hypnosis, and mind/body medicine. His major research interests in hypnosis revolve around the topic of empathy in its relationship to hypnotic phenomena. He is also fascinated with the transfor-mation of suffering into happiness that occurs within therapeutic relationships and through developing the inner disciplines of mind/body medicine such as hypnosis, meditation, and relaxation. He is a past president of APA Division 30: Society of Psychological Hypnosis. His research and writings have appeared in journals such as American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, Dissociation, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, and the Journal of Humanistic Psychology. He received the award for early career contributions from the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis in January 2007. In August 2007 he also was honored with the award for early career contributions from the Society of Psychological Hypnosis.
About the Editor and Contributors 164
Index
absorption in imaginative activity, 16 Adler School of Professional
Psychology in Chicago, 153 African-Brazilian mediumship, 100,
115–119
agency, hypnotic inversion of, 45–47 age regression, 65
alerting, 41
alterations in consciousness, 99, 100 altruistic trance states, 112, 113 Alzheimer’s disease, 43
American Association of Marriage and Family Therapists, 142
American Board of Examiners in Clinical Social Work, 138 American Board of Hypnosis in
Dentistry, 132
American Board of Hypnotherapists/
Hypnotherapy (ABH), 126, 131 American Board of Medical Hypnosis,
63, 132
American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP), 132, 138 American Board of Psychological
Hypnosis, 63, 132
American Boards of Hypnosis (now American Boards of Clinical
American Hypnosis Board for Clinical Social Work, 132
American Society of Clinical Hypnosis (ASCH), 125, 132, 133, 142, 147, 150, 152
amnesia, 28; hypnotic deactivation of self-conscious source monitoring
AAEH Code of Ethics, 142 attention systems, hypnotic changes
basket drum ceremony, 109
B€on-Buddhism, 147, 148, 149, 154 Braid, James, 97, 147, 150 Braidism, 97
Breuer, Joseph, 130
British Medical Association, 131 Buddhists, 147, 148, 149, 154
California Board of Hypnotherapy, 131 canonical brain networks, connectivity
clinical hypnotists, 141n1; hypnosis as distinct profession, 134–135, versus
default-mode network (DMN), 41, 44 dietary practices, hypnotic-like
procedures, 103
dissociated memories, hypnotic recovery of, 10–11
dissociated perceiving with or without a hidden observer: hypnotic 29, nightmares, 29, 30–31, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, 31–32, trauma histories, 29, 31, waking imagery hypnotic characteristics of, 18
dissociation group, 25–28; early memories of fantasies and parental discipline, 25–27; experience of early memories of fantasizers: in
dissociation group, 25–27 parental
false memories, hypnotic creation of, 10–11
fantasizers, 17, 18–25; comparison with dissociaters, 28–32, Dissociative Disorder, 31–32, hidden observers, 29, nightmares, 29, 30–31, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, 31–32, trauma histories, 29, 31, waking imagery hypnotic characteristics of,
Index 166
18; earliest memories of, and
inductions of hypnosis in, 79–80 fire ceremony, 108–109. See also
realis-tic cinema hypnosis
fMRI, connectivity analysis during mindful mediation, 42–43 forensic hypnosis, 53–74; ethical
considerations, 72–73; illustrative cases, 69–72; interview for, 62–64;
laboratory experiments, 57; legal issues, 58–62; mechanisms of memory and, 55–57; real-life studies, 57–58; resistance, 67–69; techniques, 64–66; therapeutic serendipity, 66–67; varieties of, 54–55 Freud, Sigmund, 130
frontoinsular cortex, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44
Gnosticism, 148
graduate schools: training program for teaching hypnosis within, Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic
Susceptibility (HGSHS), 17, 156 133–134; in media, 77–92; in musical theater, 82–83;
neuroimaging of, 38–39; public demonstration of, 150–151; realistic cinema, 83–91, 85–91; in song, 82–83; stereotypes of, 80; teaching (see teaching hypnosis); as
technology, 138–141; in television, 81–82. See also individual entries Hypnosis Consultants, 131
hypnosis credentialing, 125–143; brief history of, 130–131; lay, 131;
problems of, 135–136; professional, 131–133
hypnotic analgesia, 5 hypnotic blindness, 5
hypnotic creation, of false memories, 10–11
hypnotic deactivation, of self-conscious source monitoring, 1–11;
associated with posthypnotic amnesia, 7–9; dissociated memories, recovery of, 10–11; dissociation with or without a hidden observer, 5–6;
false memories, hypnotic creation of, 10–11; hallucination during, 3–5, 4; hypermnesia for, 9–10
teaching, 147–150; in graduate 102–104; in Sapmi, 113–115;
shamanic consciousness during,
inappropriate methods of induction, 68 indigenous, 100 interview: for forensic hypnosis, 62–64 Janet, Pierre, 130
kami, 101
Krasner, A. M., 131 languages, 99
lay hypnosis credentialing, 131. See also hypnosis credentialing
legal issues, forensic hypnosis, 58–62
long-term memory (LTM), 55–56. See also memory
Los Angeles Police Department, 57 McGill, Ormond, 130
media, hypnosis in, 77–92, 85–91;
implications, 91–92; inductions in film, 79–80; musical theater, 82–83;
realistic cinema, 83–91, 85–91;
song, 82–83; television, 81–82 medial prefrontal cortex, 41 Medical Hypnosis Association, 133 memories, 66; long-term, 55–56;
short-term, 55–56; static phenomenon, 66 Mesmer, Franz, 97, 147 analysis of, 42–43; health benefits of, 39–40; hypnotic changes in attention systems, 41–42; hypnotic trance and, resting state networks connectivity analysis during, 42;
musical theater: hypnosis in, 82–83 National Board for Certified Clinical
Hypnotherapists, 133
National Guild of Hypnotists (NGH), 126, 131, 132, 133, 138, 140 negative transference, 68 neo-dissociation theory, 25, 156 neuroimaging: of hypnosis, 38–39; and
mindfulness meditation, 40–41 nightmare, 17, 30
Index 168
North, Rexford, 131
North American shamanism, 100 Obsessive personality traits, 68 occipital cortex, 46
olfaction, hypnotic-like procedures, 103 Oregon Department of Education, 131 orienting, 41
parental discipline: and early memories of fantasizers, 21–23, in dissociation group, 25–27
posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), 44 post-traumatic source amnesia, 11
realistic cinema hypnosis, 83–91. See also film recovery of, 10–11, dissociation with or without a hidden observer, 5–6, false memories, hallucination during, 3–5, hypnotic creation of, 10–11, hypnotic deactivation of, 1–
11; during sleep, 2, hypermnesia for, 9–10
sexual fantasies, 27
shamanic consciousness, during hypnotic-like procedures, 104–106, 105; Dina (Navajo) chantways, hypnotic-like
procedures in, 106–111, basket drum ceremony, 109, fire ceremony,
short-term memory (STM), 55–56. See also memory
singing, hypnotic-like procedures, 103 sleep; somnambulistic phenomena
during, 2
Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis (SCEH), 131, 132, 147, 150; Frye Rule, 58
Standards of Training in Clinical Hypnosis (SOTCH), 152–154
Index 169
Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale, 5 Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility
Scale: Form C (SHSS: C), 154, 156 Stanford Scale of Hypnotic
Susceptibility, 17
static concept of memory, 66 stereotypes, of hypnosis, 80
storytelling, hypnotic-like procedures, 102
striatum, 41
Stroop interference paradigm, 44–45, 47 subliminal stimuli, 9–10 curricula method, 153, standards of training, 151–153, teaching Tibetan Buddhism, 147, 148, 149 Time regression, 65
vivid imagery and fantasies, 19–21 voxel-based morphometry (VBM), 40