317 Change of Material 318 Change of Environment 320 Anticorrosion Barriers 320 Electrochemical Techniques 320 Design Considerations
322 Special Features in Heat Exchanger Design
Page Content
329 Chapter 34 - Introduction to Economic Comparisons 329 Return on Investment
330 Compound Interest 330 Annual Cost or Savings
330 Present Worth and Annual Cost 331 Discounting
332 Depreciation
333 Discounted Cash Flow and PWAT 334 PWAT and Annual Costs
335 Use of Annual Cost Calculations 339 Chapter 35 - Corrosion Inhibitors 339 Definition
339 Electrochemistry 340 Aqueous Systems 341 Refrigeration Brines 342 Acids
342 Acid-Gas Scrubbing Systems 343 Nonaqueous Environments 343 Other Considerations
345 Chapter 36 - Paints and Coatings 346 Temporary Rust Preventatives 346 Paints and Coatings
365 Chapter 37 - Anti-Corrosion Barriers 365 Metallic Barriers
369 Nonmetallic Barriers
371 Chapter 38 - Cathodic Protection 371 Definition
371 Principles
377 Design and Application 378 Specialty Applications
381 Chapter 39 - Inspection and Failure Analysis 381 Inspection
384 Failure Analysis
386 Preventive and Predictive Maintenance 387 Documents and Data/Information Retrieval
Corrosion Data Survey - Metals Section, 6th Edition. (Item # 37519)
Page Content
i Introduction
i How to Use the Survey
iii Sources of Data
iii NACE References
iv Additional References
iv Acknowledgments
insert Key to Data Table
53
Page Content
insert Identification and Nominal Analyses of Metals and Alloys 1 Section 1 - Main Tables
139 Section 2 - Short Tables
155 Section 3 - High Temperature Tables 171 Section 4 - Graphs
173 Operating Limits to Steels in Hydrogen Service to Avoid Decarburization &
Fissuring
174 Time for Incipient Attack of Carbon Steel in Hydrogen Service 175 Hydrogen Sulfide vs. Low Chromium Steels
175 Phosphoric Acid vs. Type 316 Steels
175 Carbon Steels vs. 3000 ppm Hydrogen Sulfide in 5% Sodium Chloride 176 Caustic Soda Service Graph
177 Mixed Acids Graph
178 Carbon Monoxide Graph
180 Hydrochloric Acid Graph 182 Hydrofluoric Acid Graph 184 Sulfuric Acid Graph
*Corrosion Data Survey, Nonmetals Section, 5th Edition. (Item # 37517)
Page Content
v Introduction 1i Index to Corrosives
1 Aqueous Solutions of Industrial Chemicals 401 Industrial Gases and Their Aqueous Solutions
441 Beverages, Extracts, Foods, Insecticides, Medicines, and Miscellaneous 494 Worksheets: Corrosion Data Survey Nonmetals Section
Fontana, M.G., Corrosion Engineering, Third Edition, McCraw-Hill, 1986. (Item # 37711)
Page Content
1 Chapter 1 - Introduction 1 Cost of Corrosion
3 Corrosion Engineering 4 Definition of Corrosion 5 Environments
5 Corrosion Damage 9 Classification of Corrosion 9 Future Outlook
12 Chapter 2 - Corrosion Principles 12 Introduction
13 Corrosion Rate Expressions 14 Electrochemical Aspects
14 Electrochemical Reactions
19 Polarization
21 Passivity
Page Content 23 Environmental Effects
23 Effect of Oxygen and Oxidizers 24 Effects of Velocity
26 Effect of Temperature
26 Effects of Corrosive Concentration 27 Effect of Galvanic Coupling 28 Metallurgical and Other Aspects 28 Metallic Properties 32 Economic Considerations 36 Importance of Inspection
38 New Instrumentation
38 Study Sequence
39 Chapter 3 - Eight Forms of Corrosion 39 Uniform Attack
41 Galvanic or Two-Metal Corrosion 41 EMF and Galvanic Series 45 Environmental Effects
59 Combating Crevice Corrosion 59 Filiform Corrosion
63 Pitting
64 Pit Shape and Growth
66 Autocatalytic Nature of Pitting
69 Solution Composition
70 Velocity
71 Metallurgical Variables 72 Evaluation of Pitting Damage
73 Prevention
73 Intergranular Corrosion
74 Austenitic Stainless Steels
76 Weld Decay
78 Control for Austenitic Stainless Steels
83 Knife-Line Attack
85 Intergranular Corrosion of Other Alloys 86 Selective Leaching
86 Dezincification: Characteristics 88 Dezincification: Mechanism 88 Dezincification: Prevention
89 Graphitization
89 Other Alloy Systems
90 High Temperatures
55
100 Nature of Metal or Alloy 102 Combating Erosion Corrosion
104 Cavitation Damage
105 Fretting Corrosion 109 Stress Corrosion
112 Crack Morphology
114 Stress Effects
116 Time to Cracking
117 Environmental Factors 123 Metallurgical Factors
124 Mechanism
126 Multienvironment Charts 136 Classification of Mechanisms 138 Methods of Prevention 139 Corrosion Fatigue
153 Chapter 4 - Corrosion Testing 153 Introduction
153 Classification 155 Purpose
156 Materials and Specimens 157 Surface Preparation 158 Measuring and Weighing 158 Exposure Techniques 162 Duration
165 Aeration
167 Cleaning Specimens After Exposure 169 Temperature
171 Standard Expressions for Corrosion Rate 174 Galvanic Corrosion
174 High Temperatures and Pressures 176 Erosion Corrosion
181 Crevice Corrosion 184 Intergranular Corrosion 184 Huey Test for Stainless Steels 185 Streicher Test for Stainless Steels 186 Warren Test
Page Content 186 Pitting
187 Stress Corrosion 189 NACE Test Methods 191 Slow-Strain-Rate Tests 192 Linear Polarization 194 AC Impedance
198 Small-Amplitude Cyclic Valtammetry 200 Electronic Instrumentation
202 In Vivo Corrosion 204 Paint Tests 206 Seawater Tests
207 Miscellaneous Tests of Metals 212 Corrosion of Plastics and Elastomers 215 Presenting and Summarizing Data 216 Nomograph for Corrosion Rates 218 Interpretation of Results
219 Chapter 5 - Materials 219 Mechanic Properties 220 Other Properties 220 Metals and Alloys
220 Cast Irons
222 High-Silicon Cast Irons 224 Other Alloy Cast Irons 224 Carbon Steels and Irons
225 Low-Alloy Steels
226 Stainless Steels
236 Aluminum and Its Alloys 239 Magnesium and Its Alloys 239 Lead and Its Alloys 240 Copper and Its Alloys 243 Nickel and Its Alloys 244 Zinc and Its Alloys 244 Tin and Tin Plate
245 Cadmium
245 Titanium and Its Alloys 248 Refractory Metals
251 Noble Metals
253 Metallic Glasses
256 Metallic Composites 259 Nonmetallics
259 Natural and Synthetic Rubbers
263 Other Elastomers
57
Page Content
270 Polypropylene
270 Polystyrene
270 Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
270 Vinyls
272 Laminates and Reinforced Plastics 274 Other Nonmetallics
274 Ceramics
276 Carbon and Graphite
277 Wood
278 Chapter 6 - Corrosion Prevention 278 Materials Selection
278 Metals and Alloys 280 Metal Purification
280 Nonmetallics
281 Alteration of Environment
281 Changing Mediums
282 Inhibitors
292 Design
292 Wall Thickness
292 Design Rules
294 Cathodic and Anodic Protection 294 Cathodic Protection 300 Anodic Protection
302 Comparison of Anodic and Cathodic Protection 304 Coatings
304 Metallic and Other Inorganic Coatings
309 Organic Coatings
315 Corrosion Control Standards
315 Failure Analysis
317 Chapter 7 - Mineral Acids 317 Sulfuric Acid
319 Steel
320 Cast Iron
321 Chemical Lead
322 High-Silicon Cast Iron
323 Durimet 20
324 Nickel-Molybdenum and Nickel-Molybdenum-Chromium Alloys 326 Combined Iscorrosion Chart
327 Conventional Stainless Steels 327 Monel, Nickel, Inconel, and Ni-Resist 328 Copper and Its Alloys
328 Other Metals and Alloys
Page Content
329 Summary Chart
334 Equipment at Ambient Temperatures 334 Sulfuric Acid Plant Equipment
336 Nonmetallics
337 Nitric Acid
337 Stainless Steels
338 Class 1 Materials 342 Class 2 Materials 345 Class 3 Materials
346 Mixed Acids
346 Hydrochloric Acid
347 Class 1 Metals and Alloys 349 Class 2 Metals and Alloys 350 Class 3 Metals and Alloys 350 Aeration and Oxidizing Agents 351 Nonmetallic Materials
352 Hydrogen Chloride and Chlorine 352 Hydrofluoric Acid
353 Aqueous Hydrofluoric Acid 356 Anhydrous Hydrofluoric Acid
357 Fluorine
357 Phosphoric Acid
357 Materials of Construction
359 Miscellaneous
360 Chapter 8 - Other Environments 360 Organic Acids
402 Corrosion of Metals by Halogens 405 Corrosion of Automobiles 405 Nuclear Waste Isolation 407 Liquid Metals and Fused Salts 413 Solar Energy
414 Geothermal Energy
414 Sewage and Plant-Waste Treatment 416 Pollution Control
427 Coal Conversion 434 Pulp and Paper Industry 439 Dew Point Corrosion 439 Corrosion Under Insulation 440 Electronic Equipment
59
Page Content
441 Liquid-Metal Embrittlement or Cracking 443 Hydrogen Peroxide
443 Rebar Corrosion 443 Bolting
444 Statue of Liberty
445 Chapter 9 - Modern Theory—Principles 445 Introduction
445 Thermodynamics
446 Free Energy
447 Cell Potentials and the EMF Series
452 Applications of Thermodynamics to Corrosion 454 Electrode Kinetics
456 Exchange Current Density 458 Activation Polarization
474 Mechanisms of the Growth and Breakdown of Passive Films 482 Chapter 10 - Modern Theory—Applications
482 Introduction
482 Predicting Corrosion Behavior 483 Effect of Oxidizers 485 Velocity Effects 499 Corrosion Rate Measurements 499 Tafel Extrapolation 502 Linear Polarization
505 Chapter 11 - High-Temperature Corrosion 505 Introduction
505 Mechanisms and Kinetics 505 Piling-Bedworth Ratio
507 Electrochemical and Morphological Aspects of Oxidation 511 Oxide Defect Structure
513 Oxidation Kinetics 516 Effect of Alloying 518 Catastrophic Oxidation 519 Internal Oxidation 520 High-Temperature Materials 520 Mechanical Properties 524 Oxidation Resistance 529 Other Metal-Gas Reactions
529 Decarburization and Hydrogen Attack
534 Corrosion of Metals by Sulfur Compounds at High Temperatures
541 Hot Corrosion of Alloys
61
Metals & Alloys in the Unified Numbering System, Seventh Edition, SAE International and ASTM, 1993. (Item # 37731)
Page Content
v Introduction to the Unified Numbering System vi Index to US Designations by Base Elements
Listing of UNS Numbers Assigned to Date, with Description of Each Material Covered and References to Documents in Which the Same or Similar Materials are Described 1 Axxxxx Number Series - Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
47 Cxxxxx Number Series - Copper and Copper Alloys
95 Exxxxx Number Series - Rare Earth and Similar Metals and Alloys 99 Fxxxxx Number Series - Cast Irons
107 Gxxxxx Number Series - AISI and SAE Carbon and Alloy Steels 121 Hxxxxx Number Series - AISI and SAE H-Steels
129 Jxxxxx Number Series - Cast Steels (Except Tool Steels)
145 Kxxxxx Number Series - Miscellaneous Steels and Ferrous Alloys 183 Lxxxxx Number Series - Low Melting Metals and Alloys
199 Mxxxxx Number Series - Miscellaneous Nonferrous Metals and Alloys 207 Nxxxxx Number Series - Nickel and Nickel Alloys
225 Pxxxxx Number Series - Precious Metals and Alloys
235 Rxxxxx Number Series - Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys
247 Sxxxxx Number Series - Heat and Corrosion Resistant Steel (Including Stainless), Valve Steels and Iron-Base “Superalloys”
271 Txxxxx Number Series - Tool Steels, Wrought and Cast 279 Wxxxxx Number Series - Welding Filler Metals
311 Zxxxxx Number Series - Zinc and Zinc Alloys
Cross Index of Commonly Known Documents Which Describe Materials Same as or Similar to Those Covered by UNS Numbers
315 AA (Aluminum Association) Numbers
321 ACI (Steel Founders Society of America) Numbers
325 AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) including SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) Numbers (Carbon and Low Alloy Steels)
331 AMS (SAE/Aerospace Materials Specification) Numbers 339 ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Numbers 349 ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) Numbers 379 AWS (American Welding Society) Numbers
385 Federal Specification Numbers
391 MIL (Military Specification) Numbers
397 SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) “J” Numbers 405 Index by Common Trade Designations
Moniz, B.J., and Pollock, W.I., eds., Process Industries Corrosion: The Theory and Practice, NACE, 1986. (Item # 37521)
Page Content
Basics Phenomena
1 Forms of Corrosion
11 Electrochemical Principles of Corrosion 21 Environmental Cracking
31 Hydrogen Effects on Steel 45 High Temperature Corrosion
Testing
67 Field Coupon Corrosion Testing 85 Field Applications of Electrochemistry 123 Evaluation Tests for Intergranular Corrosion
Overviews
171 Corrosion in Petroleum Refineries 191 Corrosion in the Pulp and Paper Industry
Environments Waters
205 Cooling Water Treatment
215 Boiler Feedwater and Steam Condensate 227 Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion
Acids
243 Sulfuric Acid
259 Nitric Acid
265 Hydrochloric Acid and Hydrogen Chloride 275 Hydrochfluoric Acid and Hydrogen Fluoride
287 Organic Acids
Others
297 Alkalies and Hypochlorites
311 Ammonia
315 Halogens
353 Sulfur Compounds - Low Temperature 367 Sulfur Compounds - High Temperature
Metals Ferrous
373 Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
405 Weathering Steels
415 Austenitic Stainless Steels
427 Ferritic and Duplex Stainless Steels 445 High Temperature Wrought Alloys
Nonferrous
461 Nickel
479 Copper
503 Titanium
529 Zirconium
545 Tantalum and Niobium
63
Page Content
551 Aluminum
Others
567 Cladding and Overlay Nonmetals
Polymers
573 FRP Design
577 Thermoplastics
589 Elastomeric Linings 603 Protective Coatings
Ceramics
639 Types of Ceramics
649 Acid Brick Linings
661 Refractories
Others
681 Glass
695 Glass-Lined Steel 703 Carbon and Graphite
711 Wood
Equipment and Practice Equipment
721 Materials Standards
727 Vessel Design
739 Welding
759 Corrosion Under Thermal Insulation 769 Corrosion from Process Modifications
Practice
775 Nondestructive Testing
783 Failure Analysis
821 Equipment Cleaning
835 Field Identification of Metals
845 Appendix A - Comparison of Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloys 851 Appendix B - NACE Glossary of Corrosion Related Terms
Uhlig, H.H., Corrosion and Corrosion Control, An Introduction to Corrosion Science and Engineering, Third Edition, John Wyley & Sons, Inc., NY, 1985. (Item # 37707)
Page Content
1 Chapter 1 - Definition and Importance 6 Chapter 2 - Electrochemical Mechanisms
16 Chapter 3 - Corrosion Tendency and Electrode Potentials 35 Chapter 4 - Polarization and Corrosion Rates
60 Chapter 5 - Passivity 90 Chapter 6 - Iron and Steel
Aqueous Environments Metallurgical Factors 123 Chapter 7 - Effect of Stress
Cold Working
Stress Corrosion Cracking Hydrogen Cracking Radiation Damage Corrosion Fatigue Fretting Corrosion
165 Chapter 8 - Atmospheric Corrosion of Iron and Other Metals 178 Chapter 9 - Corrosion of Iron and Other Metals In Soils 187 Chapter 10 - Oxidation and Tarnish
210 Chapter 11 - Stray-Current Corrosion 217 Chapter 12 - Cathodic Protection
Anodic Protection 233 Chapter 13 - Metallic Coatings 245 Chapter 14 - Inorganic Coatings 250 Chapter 15 - Organic Coatings
263 Chapter 16 - Inhibitors and Passivators
278 Chapter 17 - Treatment of Water and Steam Systems
297 Chapter 18 - Alloying for Corrosion Resistance; Stainless Steels 327 Chapter 19 - Copper and Copper Alloys
341 Chapter 20 - Aluminum and Magnesium 358 Chapter 21 - Lead
361 Chapter 22 - Nickel and Nickel Alloys 371 Chapter 23 - Cobalt and Cobalt Alloys
375 Chapter 24 - Titanium, Zirconium, and Tantalum 389 Chapter 25 - Silicon—Iron and Silicon—Nickel Alloys 392 Chapter 26 - Problems
404 Appendix