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EXEMPTION FROM CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY

 ART. 332. Persons exempt from criminal liability ... 472

Crimes Included In The Exemption ... 472

Persons Exempted ... ... 472

TITLE ELEVEN CRIMES AGAINST CHASTITY CHAPTER ONE  ADULTERY AND CONCUBINAGE

WHAT ARE THE CRIMES AGAINST CHASTITY? ... 474

 ART. 333. Who are guilty of adultery ... ... 475

Elements ... 475

Who May Commit Adultery? ... .... 475

 Adultery is an instantaneous offense ... 475

 ART. 334. Concubinage ... 476

Elements ... 476

Only the offended spouse can file the case, just like in adultery ... ... 476

 ART. 335. When and how is rape committed ... 476

CHAPTER TWO  ACTS OF LASCIVIOUSNESS

 ART. 336. Acts of lasciviousness ... ... 477

Elements ... ... 477

CHAPTER THREE SEDUCTION, CORRUPTION OF MINORS,  AND WHITE SLAVE TRADE

Seduction ... ... 479

 ART. 337. Qualified seduction ... ... 479

Two Kinds of Qualified Seduction ... 479

Elements ... 479

Persons Liable: 1. Those who abused authority ... 480

2. Those who abuse the confidence reposed on them ... 480

3. Those who abused relationship ... 480

 ART. 338. Simple seduction ... 481

Elements ... 481

Who Can Be A Victim? ... ... 481

 ART. 339. Acts of lasciviousness with the consent of the offended party ... ... 481

Elements ... ... 481

 ART. 340. Corruption of minors ... ... 482

Act Prohibited ... ... 482

 ART. 341. White slave trade ... 482

 ART. 342. Forcible abduction ... ... 482

Abduction ... ... 483

Elements ... ... 483

 ART. 343. Consented abduction ... ... 483

Elements ... ... 483

CHAPTER FIVE PROVISIONS RELATIVE TO THE PRECEDING CHAPTERS OF TITLE ELEVEN

 ART. 344. Prosecution of the crimes of adultery, concubinage, seduction, abduction, rape, and acts of lasciviousness ... 485

To be effective, when should the pardon be given by the offended party? ... ... 485

What are the effects of pardon by the offended party?... 485

In rape, extinction of criminal liability applies only to the principal, the accused himself ... 486

 ART. 345. Civil liability of persons guilty of crimes against chastity .. 486

Persons Who are Guilty of Rape, Seduction or  Abduction Shall ... ... 486

 ART. 346. Liability of ascendants, guardians, teachers, or other persons entrusted with the custody of the offended party ... 487

TITLE TWELVE

CRIMES AGAINST THE CIVIL STATUS

OF PERSONS

CHAPTER ONE

SIMULATION OF BIRTHS AND USURPATION

OF CIVIL STATUS

 ART. 347. Simulation of births, substitution of one child for another, and concealment or abandonment of a legitimate child ... ... 488

 Acts Punished ... ... 488

Simulation of births ... ... 489

 ART. 348. Usurpation of civil status ... 489

CHAPTER TWO ILLEGAL MARRIAGES

 ART. 349. Bigamy ... ... 490

Elements ... ... 490

Good faith is a defense in bigamy ... ... 490

Can Bigamy be committed through negligence? ... 490

What is the liability if any of a person who knowingly acts as witness to a bigamous marriage? ... 491

 ART. 350. Marriage contracted against provisions of laws ... 491

Elements ... 492

 ART. 351. Premature marriages ... ... 492

Persons Liable For Premature Marriages ... 492

 ART. 352. Performance of illegal marriage ceremony ... 492

TITLE THIRTEEN CRIMES AGAINST HONOR CHAPTER ONE LIBEL

 ART. 353. Definition of libel ... ... 493

What is Libel? ... ... 493

Elements ... 493

Test of Defamatory Imputation ... ... 494

Imputation May Cover ... ... 494

Dishonor ... 494

Discredit ... 494

Contempt ... ... 494

When is there publication? ... ... 494

The offended party must be identifiable ... 494

Two Kinds of Malice ... ... 494

1. Malice in fact ... ... 494

2. Malice in law ... ... 494

Guidelines When Several Persons Are Defamed ... 495

 ART. 354. Requirement of publicity ... . 496

Every Defamatory Imputation is Presumed to be Malicious, Even if it be True ... ... 496

What is the “rule of actual malice”? ... 495

Privileged communication... 496

Kinds Of Privileged Communications ... 496

Qualified privileged ... ... 496

 Absolutely privileged ... ... 496

What are the Qualifiedly privileged communications? ... 497

Requisites of the First Kind of Privileged Communication: (Private communication in the performance of legal, moral or social duty) ... ... 497

The defense of privileged communication is not tenable if it is shown ... ... 497

Requisites of the Second Kind of Privileged Communication: (Fair and true report made in good faith) ... 497

Things To Remember ... ... 498

 Vasquez v. Court Of Appeals (G.R. No. 118971, September 15, 1999, 314 SCRA 460) ... 498

The Rule Of “Actual Malice” ... .... 498

Brillante v. Court Of Appeals (G.R Nos. 118757 And 121571, October 19, 2004, 440 Scra 554) ... 499

Prescription of Libel ... ... 499

Computation of Prescription of Offense ... 499

 Absolutely Privileged Communication and Conditionally Privileged Communication, Distinguished ... 500

Examples of Absolutely privileged communications ... 501

 Absolutely privileged communication includes ... 501

Statements Made In Judicial Proceedings Are Privileged but Only if Pertinent or Relevant to Case Involved ... 501

Conditionally or qualifiedly privileged communications ... 502

Requisites Of Qualifiedly Privileged Communication ... 502

Complaint must be Addressed to an Official having Jurisdiction ... ... 503

Sazon v. Hon. Court Of Appeals (255 SCRA 692) ... 503

Letter must be Addressed only to Persons who have some Interest or Duty in the Matter Alleged ... 504

People v. Atty. Pieraz (G.R No. 142509, 485 SCRA 275) ... 504

What is the Multiple Publication Rule in Libel? ... 505

“Multiple Publication Rule “ In Libel ... 505

 Attack on the Private Character of a Public Officer is Libel ... 505

The Anti-Wire Tapping Act (RA No. 4200) ... 506

 ART. 355. Libel by means of writing or similar means ... 507

Libel by means of writing or similar means can be committed by means of ... 507

What is the penalty imposable in Libel? ... 508

Penalty In Libel: Imprisonment or Fine ... 508

May the court impose a penalty of fine instead of imprisonment? ... ... 509

 ART. 356. Threatening to public and offer to prevent such publication for a compensation ... 509

 Acts Punished ... ... 509

Blackmail ... ... 510

Blackmail is possible in the following crimes ... 510

 ART. 357. Prohibited publication of acts referred to in the course of official proceedings ... 510

Elements ... 510

The Gag Law ... ... 510

 ART. 358. Slander (Oral Defamation) ... ... 511

Kinds of Oral Defamation ... ... 511

Factors that determine the gravity of oral defamation ... 511

Light oral defamation... 511

Oral defamation ... ... 511

 ART. 359. Slander by deeds... ... 511

Elements ... 512

Slander by deed is of two kinds ... .... 512

SECTION 2. General Provisions ... ... 512

 ART. 360. Persons responsible ... ... 512

Who are the persons liable for Libel? ... 514

Where is the venue of the criminal and civil action for damages arising from a written defamation? ... 514

 ART. 361. Proof of the truth ... ... 514

May Evidence Proving the Truthfulness of the Imputation Admissible? ... 514

When Proof of the Truth is Admissible in a Charge for Libel .... 514

Proof of Truth of an Imputation of an Act or Omission not Constituting a Crime is tot Admissible ... 515

Defenses in Defamation ... ... 515

 ART. 362. Libelous remarks ... ... 515

CHAPTER TWO INCRIMINATORY MACHINATIONS

 ART. 363. Incriminating innocent persons ... 516

Elements ... ... 516

 ART. 364. Intriguing against honor ... ... 516

Intriguing against honor is popularly known as gossiping ... 516

Intriguing against honor and oral defamation, distinguished .... 517

Intriguing against Honor and incriminating an innocent person, distinguished ... ... 517

TITLE FOURTEEN QUASI-OFFENSE CRIMINAL NEGLIGENCE

 ART. 365. Imprudence and negligence ... ... 518

Elements ... ... 519

Is Criminal Negligence a Crime in itself or only a modality

for the Commission of another offense? ... 520

Four Ways of Committing Quasi-Offenses Under Art. 365 ... 520

Imprudence ... ... 521

Negligence ... ... 521

Reckless Imprudence ... ... 521

Elements of RECKLESS IMPRUDENCE ... 521

Simple Imprudence ... ... 521

Elements of Simple Imprudence ... 521

Distinctions between reckless imprudence and negligence ... 522

Is the defense of last clear chance tenable? ... 522

Examples of criminal negligence or imprudence ... 522

Complex crimes apply to imprudence ... 523

Subsidiary penalty under Art. 39 of the RPC applies to reckless imprudence ... 524

Defense in Culpable Felony ... .... 524

 Accident ... ... 524

Elements ... 524

 ART. 366. Application of laws enacted prior to this Code ... 525

 ART. 367. Repealing clause ... ... 525

APPENDICES

 Appendix A (Republic Act No. 9165) ... ... 526

 Appendix B (Republic Act No. 9262) ... .. 585

 Appendix C (Republic Act No. 9372) ... .. 604

 Appendix D (Republic Act No. 8294) ... . 634

 Appendix E (Republic Act No. 9194) ... .. 638

 Appendix F (Republic Act No. 7659) ... ... 646

 Appendix G (Republic Act No. 9344) ... . 663

 Appendix H (Republic Act No. 7080) ... .. 695

 Appendix I (Republic Act No. 4200) ... .. 698

 Appendix J (Republic Act No. 1477) ... .. 701

 Appendix K (Republic Act No. 8353) ... . 702

 Appendix L (Republic Act No. 9208) ... ... 706

 Appendix M (Republic Act No. 7610) ... ... 722

 Appendix N (Republic Act No. 3019) ... ... 738

 Appendix O (Republic Act No. 7877) ... . 745

 Appendix P (Republic Act No. 9231) ... ... 749

 Appendix Q (Republic Act No. 6539) ... . 758

 Appendix R (Presidential Decree No. 46) ... 764

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