ART. 332. Persons exempt from criminal liability ... 472
Crimes Included In The Exemption ... 472
Persons Exempted ... ... 472
TITLE ELEVEN CRIMES AGAINST CHASTITY CHAPTER ONE ADULTERY AND CONCUBINAGE
WHAT ARE THE CRIMES AGAINST CHASTITY? ... 474ART. 333. Who are guilty of adultery ... ... 475
Elements ... 475
Who May Commit Adultery? ... .... 475
Adultery is an instantaneous offense ... 475
ART. 334. Concubinage ... 476
Elements ... 476
Only the offended spouse can file the case, just like in adultery ... ... 476
ART. 335. When and how is rape committed ... 476
CHAPTER TWO ACTS OF LASCIVIOUSNESS
ART. 336. Acts of lasciviousness ... ... 477Elements ... ... 477
CHAPTER THREE SEDUCTION, CORRUPTION OF MINORS, AND WHITE SLAVE TRADE
Seduction ... ... 479ART. 337. Qualified seduction ... ... 479
Two Kinds of Qualified Seduction ... 479
Elements ... 479
Persons Liable: 1. Those who abused authority ... 480
2. Those who abuse the confidence reposed on them ... 480
3. Those who abused relationship ... 480
ART. 338. Simple seduction ... 481
Elements ... 481
Who Can Be A Victim? ... ... 481
ART. 339. Acts of lasciviousness with the consent of the offended party ... ... 481
Elements ... ... 481
ART. 340. Corruption of minors ... ... 482
Act Prohibited ... ... 482
ART. 341. White slave trade ... 482
ART. 342. Forcible abduction ... ... 482
Abduction ... ... 483
Elements ... ... 483
ART. 343. Consented abduction ... ... 483
Elements ... ... 483
CHAPTER FIVE PROVISIONS RELATIVE TO THE PRECEDING CHAPTERS OF TITLE ELEVEN
ART. 344. Prosecution of the crimes of adultery, concubinage, seduction, abduction, rape, and acts of lasciviousness ... 485To be effective, when should the pardon be given by the offended party? ... ... 485
What are the effects of pardon by the offended party?... 485
In rape, extinction of criminal liability applies only to the principal, the accused himself ... 486
ART. 345. Civil liability of persons guilty of crimes against chastity .. 486
Persons Who are Guilty of Rape, Seduction or Abduction Shall ... ... 486
ART. 346. Liability of ascendants, guardians, teachers, or other persons entrusted with the custody of the offended party ... 487
TITLE TWELVE
CRIMES AGAINST THE CIVIL STATUS
OF PERSONS
CHAPTER ONE
SIMULATION OF BIRTHS AND USURPATION
OF CIVIL STATUS
ART. 347. Simulation of births, substitution of one child for another, and concealment or abandonment of a legitimate child ... ... 488Acts Punished ... ... 488
Simulation of births ... ... 489
ART. 348. Usurpation of civil status ... 489
CHAPTER TWO ILLEGAL MARRIAGES
ART. 349. Bigamy ... ... 490Elements ... ... 490
Good faith is a defense in bigamy ... ... 490
Can Bigamy be committed through negligence? ... 490
What is the liability if any of a person who knowingly acts as witness to a bigamous marriage? ... 491
ART. 350. Marriage contracted against provisions of laws ... 491
Elements ... 492
ART. 351. Premature marriages ... ... 492
Persons Liable For Premature Marriages ... 492
ART. 352. Performance of illegal marriage ceremony ... 492
TITLE THIRTEEN CRIMES AGAINST HONOR CHAPTER ONE LIBEL
ART. 353. Definition of libel ... ... 493What is Libel? ... ... 493
Elements ... 493
Test of Defamatory Imputation ... ... 494
Imputation May Cover ... ... 494
Dishonor ... 494
Discredit ... 494
Contempt ... ... 494
When is there publication? ... ... 494
The offended party must be identifiable ... 494
Two Kinds of Malice ... ... 494
1. Malice in fact ... ... 494
2. Malice in law ... ... 494
Guidelines When Several Persons Are Defamed ... 495
ART. 354. Requirement of publicity ... . 496
Every Defamatory Imputation is Presumed to be Malicious, Even if it be True ... ... 496
What is the “rule of actual malice”? ... 495
Privileged communication... 496
Kinds Of Privileged Communications ... 496
Qualified privileged ... ... 496
Absolutely privileged ... ... 496
What are the Qualifiedly privileged communications? ... 497
Requisites of the First Kind of Privileged Communication: (Private communication in the performance of legal, moral or social duty) ... ... 497
The defense of privileged communication is not tenable if it is shown ... ... 497
Requisites of the Second Kind of Privileged Communication: (Fair and true report made in good faith) ... 497
Things To Remember ... ... 498
Vasquez v. Court Of Appeals (G.R. No. 118971, September 15, 1999, 314 SCRA 460) ... 498
The Rule Of “Actual Malice” ... .... 498
Brillante v. Court Of Appeals (G.R Nos. 118757 And 121571, October 19, 2004, 440 Scra 554) ... 499
Prescription of Libel ... ... 499
Computation of Prescription of Offense ... 499
Absolutely Privileged Communication and Conditionally Privileged Communication, Distinguished ... 500
Examples of Absolutely privileged communications ... 501
Absolutely privileged communication includes ... 501
Statements Made In Judicial Proceedings Are Privileged but Only if Pertinent or Relevant to Case Involved ... 501
Conditionally or qualifiedly privileged communications ... 502
Requisites Of Qualifiedly Privileged Communication ... 502
Complaint must be Addressed to an Official having Jurisdiction ... ... 503
Sazon v. Hon. Court Of Appeals (255 SCRA 692) ... 503
Letter must be Addressed only to Persons who have some Interest or Duty in the Matter Alleged ... 504
People v. Atty. Pieraz (G.R No. 142509, 485 SCRA 275) ... 504
What is the Multiple Publication Rule in Libel? ... 505
“Multiple Publication Rule “ In Libel ... 505
Attack on the Private Character of a Public Officer is Libel ... 505
The Anti-Wire Tapping Act (RA No. 4200) ... 506
ART. 355. Libel by means of writing or similar means ... 507
Libel by means of writing or similar means can be committed by means of ... 507
What is the penalty imposable in Libel? ... 508
Penalty In Libel: Imprisonment or Fine ... 508
May the court impose a penalty of fine instead of imprisonment? ... ... 509
ART. 356. Threatening to public and offer to prevent such publication for a compensation ... 509
Acts Punished ... ... 509
Blackmail ... ... 510
Blackmail is possible in the following crimes ... 510
ART. 357. Prohibited publication of acts referred to in the course of official proceedings ... 510
Elements ... 510
The Gag Law ... ... 510
ART. 358. Slander (Oral Defamation) ... ... 511
Kinds of Oral Defamation ... ... 511
Factors that determine the gravity of oral defamation ... 511
Light oral defamation... 511
Oral defamation ... ... 511
ART. 359. Slander by deeds... ... 511
Elements ... 512
Slander by deed is of two kinds ... .... 512
SECTION 2. General Provisions ... ... 512
ART. 360. Persons responsible ... ... 512
Who are the persons liable for Libel? ... 514
Where is the venue of the criminal and civil action for damages arising from a written defamation? ... 514
ART. 361. Proof of the truth ... ... 514
May Evidence Proving the Truthfulness of the Imputation Admissible? ... 514
When Proof of the Truth is Admissible in a Charge for Libel .... 514
Proof of Truth of an Imputation of an Act or Omission not Constituting a Crime is tot Admissible ... 515
Defenses in Defamation ... ... 515
ART. 362. Libelous remarks ... ... 515
CHAPTER TWO INCRIMINATORY MACHINATIONS
ART. 363. Incriminating innocent persons ... 516Elements ... ... 516
ART. 364. Intriguing against honor ... ... 516
Intriguing against honor is popularly known as gossiping ... 516
Intriguing against honor and oral defamation, distinguished .... 517
Intriguing against Honor and incriminating an innocent person, distinguished ... ... 517
TITLE FOURTEEN QUASI-OFFENSE CRIMINAL NEGLIGENCE
ART. 365. Imprudence and negligence ... ... 518Elements ... ... 519
Is Criminal Negligence a Crime in itself or only a modality
for the Commission of another offense? ... 520
Four Ways of Committing Quasi-Offenses Under Art. 365 ... 520
Imprudence ... ... 521
Negligence ... ... 521
Reckless Imprudence ... ... 521
Elements of RECKLESS IMPRUDENCE ... 521
Simple Imprudence ... ... 521
Elements of Simple Imprudence ... 521
Distinctions between reckless imprudence and negligence ... 522
Is the defense of last clear chance tenable? ... 522
Examples of criminal negligence or imprudence ... 522
Complex crimes apply to imprudence ... 523
Subsidiary penalty under Art. 39 of the RPC applies to reckless imprudence ... 524
Defense in Culpable Felony ... .... 524
Accident ... ... 524
Elements ... 524
ART. 366. Application of laws enacted prior to this Code ... 525
ART. 367. Repealing clause ... ... 525
APPENDICES
Appendix A (Republic Act No. 9165) ... ... 526Appendix B (Republic Act No. 9262) ... .. 585
Appendix C (Republic Act No. 9372) ... .. 604
Appendix D (Republic Act No. 8294) ... . 634
Appendix E (Republic Act No. 9194) ... .. 638
Appendix F (Republic Act No. 7659) ... ... 646
Appendix G (Republic Act No. 9344) ... . 663
Appendix H (Republic Act No. 7080) ... .. 695
Appendix I (Republic Act No. 4200) ... .. 698
Appendix J (Republic Act No. 1477) ... .. 701
Appendix K (Republic Act No. 8353) ... . 702
Appendix L (Republic Act No. 9208) ... ... 706
Appendix M (Republic Act No. 7610) ... ... 722
Appendix N (Republic Act No. 3019) ... ... 738
Appendix O (Republic Act No. 7877) ... . 745
Appendix P (Republic Act No. 9231) ... ... 749
Appendix Q (Republic Act No. 6539) ... . 758
Appendix R (Presidential Decree No. 46) ... 764