GENERAL RESEARCH ISSUES - RESEARCH METHODS

RESEARCH METHODS

5.4 GENERAL RESEARCH ISSUES

University of Cape Town

R E S P 0 N S E T I M E S T A T I S T I C S

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R ESPO~~~fJE T J:r'.E FREOUEI'JCY TARLE IN CLASSE~i OF 2 S ECOr'-!06

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TARLE NP.ME: R.TARLE

UPPER OBSER\/EO PERCENT CUMULATIVE LIMIT FREQUENCY OF TOTAL ·PERCENTAGE

20~~.0000 193 39.55 39.55

4000. ^IH~00· 147 30. 12 69.67

6000.~000 62. 12.70 82.38

R0r.10. 01HH~ 32 6.!:;6 88.93

10000.1H300 ¹¹ 2.25 91. 19

12000.CHH10 8 1·. 64 92.83

14000. !H~m~ 9 1.84 94.67

16000.0000 2 • .41· .95. 08

18000.00011) 2 • 41' . 95.49

20~00. 0~fH~ 1 • 20'. 95.70

22000. IH~00, 1 • 20 . 95.90

24000.0~00 2 • 41 ·96.31

26000. erH30 ¹ .• 20 96.52

28000. tHH~0 2 .41 96.93

30000.0~03 4 _{'. 82} 97.75

32000.~~00 3 .61 98.36

340110. ^~000' 2 .4i 98.77

36lHH~. 0000 2 • .41 99.18

38000. 00iH~ 2 .41 99.59

4001~~- 0000 0 c 00 99.59

42000.00~0

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44000. 0!HH~ 0 • ~ 0 99.59

46000.0k100 1 .20 99.80

48000. ^~0PH~ 0 .00 ^99~80

50000.0000 ⁰ ^.a~ 99.80

52000.0000 0 • 0£1 99.80

5<'1000.0000

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.011 99.80

56000. IH1P.i0 ~ • I'H1 99 .. 80

58000.0000 0 • 0¥1 99.8~

61~000. 01HH~ 0 .00 99.80

***OVERFLOW*** OBSERVED FREQUENCY: 1 AVEfiAGE RESPONSE TIME

---~---~---4854.502

Fig. A-7

University of Cape Town

T U A N A A 0 U N 0 T I M E S T A T I S T I C S

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TURNAROU~JO F REQUENr:Y TABLE

( IN CLASSES OF 6 SECmms)

TABLE NAME: STASTO.T

~PPER OBSERVED PERCENT CUMULATIVE LIMIT FREQUENCY OF TOTAL PERCENTAGE

6e~~.~m~e 47 29.75 29.75

120~0.0000 23 14.56 44.30

18000.0000 15 9.49 53.80

24000.0000 13 8.23 62.03

30000.000~ 9 5.70 67.72

3611100.0000 7 4.43 72.15

42000.0000 6 3.80 75.95

48000.!Hl00 2 1.27 77.22

54000.0f10~ 7 4.43 131.65

6!H~00.11!000 3 1.90 83.54

660flA.BAH0 0

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B3.54

72000.0000 2 1.27 84.81

780~0.00!H'l 1 .63 85.44

84S0a.~000 2 1.21 86.71

90000.0000 1 .63 87.34

96000.0000 2 1.27 88.61

102000.0000 0 .0111 88.61

108000.0000 1 .63 89.24

114000.0000 2 .1.27 90.51

12lH~00.0000 0 .00 90.51

1261iHHl.0000 2 1.27 91.77

132fHH~.lHl00 0 .00 91.77

138000. ~~H~f.l 0 • 00 91.77

1 44 0 0 0. 0 !HHl 0 • 0 0 9 1 • 7 7

15001110.0000 1 .63 92.41

1560~0.0000 2 1.27 93.67

162000.0000 1 • 63 94.30

16A000.11!0fl0 0 • 00 94.30

174000. 00t:H~ I1J • 0111 94. 311l

180000.0000 e .00 94.311l

18600~.0000 0 .00 94.30

192000.0000 0 .00 94.30

19811J00.01Hl0 0 • 130 94.30

20400~.0000 fl .00 94.30

21~fli1J!'l.00!Hl 0 .00 94.30

216000.0000 0 .00 94.30

222tHHl.rHJ00 0 .1110 94.30

228000.~~00 I1J .00 94.30

2.340!Hl.0000 0 .00 94.30

240011!0.0000 0 .00 94.30

246E0~.0tH10 0 .00 94.30

252000.~000 1 a63 94.94

258000.0000 . 0 • 1110 94.94

264000.!Hl00 0 .00 94.94

270000.0000 0 .00 94.94

276000.0000 0 .00 94.94

282000.0~00 0 .00 94.94

288000.0000 0 .00 94.94

294000.0000 0 .00 94.94

300000.0000 0 .00 94.94

***OVERFLOW*** ORSERVEO FRERUENCY: 8

A\IERM~E TUR NAROlJN[l TrME

55540.1149

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96.

Case·2

In the second simulation run the model assumes the same systems characteris-tics as in case 1, but the total core available to the user tasks is increased to 384 blocks. Thus, this case reflects on the configuration of the UNIVAC 1106 at U. C. T. after the first update which took place in June 197 4, when one more core modulo of 128K was attached to the, then existing, configuration.

The results of the second simulation· run are presented in figures B-1 through to B-13.

Upon examining the results produced, it is shown that in 1 556 408 milliseconds of total simulation time, 400 tasks were processed out of which 270 were

batch tasks. That would result in an average batch throughput of 625 batch tasks;hour. Thus we have an improvement of,

625 - 348

348 ^X 100 == 79.59%

on the average batch throughput over case 1.

The average turnaround time for each batch task was 42 714 msecs resulting in an improvement of,

55540 - 42714

1 0 . 1^m 55540.. . ^X 0

=

23. ^fo on the average turnaround time over case 1..

The average niultiprogramming factor was found to be 7. 44, with the average task size processed being 34. 26 blocks.

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The predicted ^CPUutilization in this case is 74.76% resulting thus in an increase of

over case 1.

74.76 - 50.60 X 100

=

_{47 •}₇

%

50.60

Although the increased multiprogramming factor is normally associated with . greater operating systems activity and increased CPU overheads, the 74.76%

of CPU utilization found, leaves a margin for further improvement.

The average response time predicted was 6550 msecs. This is 1696 msecs greater. than the observed average response time in case 1. A possible reason for this can be the following. ·The ·increase of the multiprogramming factor, due to the increase of the size of core, results in an increase of the rate of arrival of requests for service by the ^CPU, drum subsystem and disc subsystem. This, in turn, results in greater waiting times for service.

The increase of the core size results in an increase in the speed of the CPU.

This is because the operating system places the Instruction bank and the Data bank of a program on different core modulae. In this manner, some overlapping of the instruction-fetch and data-fetch time can take place. Thus although the increase of the multiprogramming factor results in greater rate of arrival

of requests for service by the CPU, these requests can now be processed faster.

Examination of the statistics of the disc and drum subsystems in both cases, gives the following.

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98.

In case 1, the total number of requests serviced by both subsystems was 37 938. Of those requests, about 68% were serviced by the drum subsystem and the remaining 32% were serviced by the disc subsystem. Also, the average total times required to satisfy a request, (waiting time + actual service time) were,

for the drum subsystem 48.54 msecs for the disc subsystem 116. 50 msecs.

In case 2 the total number of requests serviced by both subsystems, were 55 790. Of those requests 58.9% were serviced by the drum while the re-maining 41.1% were serviced by the disc subsystem. The average times to satisfy a request were,

for the drum subsystem. 89.9 msecs for the disc subsystem 162. 2 msecs.

From the above, we· can expect an improvement in the systems response time as well as in its performance as a whole, by increasing the speed with which the disc subsystem, the slowest of the two, processes the requests for service presented to it. The increase of the sp~ed with which the disc subsystem processes the requests for service presented to it, can be performed in two ways:

(i) Decreasing the waiting time for service;

(ii) Increasing the actual speed of the disc subsystem, i.e. substituting the existing one with a new disc subsystem with shorter access time

Alternative (i) can be applied if a redistribution of the workload takes. place in such a maimer, that, a percentage of work initially destined for the disc

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subsystem· is transferred to the drum subsystem. First of all, such a so 1 uti on may not be applicable due to lack of drum space. On the other hand, such a solution will result in an increase in the rate of arrival of requests for service by the drum subsystem, which in turn will result in an increase of the waiting times and a possible bottleneck of the· drum subsystem. Thus, alternative (ii) appears to be more effective as well as applicable.

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1UO.

~U~BER OF TAS~~ PROCESSED

t:ATCH TOTAL

27t:i

hUMBER OF JOSS ALLOWEU TO 2E OPENED CONCURRENTLY!

oATCH

a

NUMbER Uf JOSS CURRENTLY OPEN!

r.;.A T CH

Fig. B-1

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C 0 R E ~ T A T l 5 T 1 C S

t1AXIMUi'1 AVERAG£ A'hRriGE CAPAClTY CG!JT£;\TS U1J:~..IZ.C.TlGN

38'-t 350.811- Sl.30tt0

PKOGRA~XiNG FACTOR

-~---lS

TOTAL NO.

Of LOA OS

997

AVERAGE TIME

IN CGHE PER LOAD

--- ^-·-

--~---11616.91

TUTAL NUMBER Cf SWAPS

---TOT~->.L A'vE-RAGt:.

U!_~~CKS ^-r' fiSK

::.1z

3~161 34 .L.~ ^{.. c}

T.lSKS CURRE:NTLY

P-l CORE

7 .·

~0. Of CORE PRIORITY ADJUSTKENTS!

~ORE GULUE AVERAGl LENGTH

----~--~---~--2 • .31

Fig. B-2

AIJ::,. T I 1~ E: C:...RnENT PiR E LG C;\ CONTt.f\T:i

15384.51 337

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102.

C P U S T A T I S T I C S

MAX .G!UEUE AVE.QUEUE TOTAL ZERO ;zEROS LENGTH LENGTH EfHRIES ENTRI P ERCE~JT

1 1 2.44 56546

RATE OF ARRIVAL OF REr:JlJESTS FOR

TABLE NAME: T 4)

A UESTS ORSERVEO PER SEC FREQUENCY

.~0~0 0

25.00~0 525

se.0mm~ 562

75.0~~0 461

100.0~00 8

PERCENT OF TOTAL

.!Oe

33.74 36.12 29.63

• 51

. 22706 40. 15 SERVICE RY

ClHWLATIVE PERCENTAGE

.00 33.74 69.86 99.49 . 130.1110

THE

REMAINING FREQUENCIES ARE ALL ZERO

A\1. ^TH~E/ENT (NON ZERO)

112.04 CPU

AVERAGE NUMBER OF REQUESTS FOR SERVICE PER SECOND

36.327

WAITING TIME FREQUENCY TABLE (IN CLASSES OF 1 SECOND ) TABLE NAME: T ⁽ ^B)

UPPER OBSERVED PERCENT LIMIT FREf-lUENCY riF TOTAL 10e0 .. ^1Hlrn~ 5584111 98.75 200111.0001!1 680 1. 2e

30111111.00~0 16 • 1113

4000.0000 2 • 00

50~0.0000. 2 • 110

6000. fHHH~ 4 • JJ 1

7000.0P.H~0 1 .00

BfJ0f~. ~00111 1 • 00 R ^E~~AININGFREQUENCIES ARE ALL ZERO

AVERAGE WAITING TIME

67.tl51!1

CPU UTILIZATION AVERAGE NUMBER UTILIZATION REQUESTS

74.7594 56546

AVERAGE TIME/REQ

20.58

CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE

98.75 99.95 99.98 99.99 99.99

100.~0

100.00 100.00

Fig • .B-3

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S U R S Y S T E M S S T A T I S T I C S

======================~======~~=========

A. OFilH1 SUHSYSTEM

MAX.QLJEUE AVE.QLJEUE TOTAL ZERO ZEROS LENGTH LENGTH ENTRIES Ei'JTRIES PERCENT

12 1.31 32911

R.IHE OF ARRIVAL OF REQUESTS FOR

In document The regulation of contaminated land in England: A solution or problem? (Page 122-126)