Initial Conceptual Framework

This section presents the initial conceptual framework based on the review of the available body of knowledge (chapters 2 and3). A conceptual framework is a written or visual presentation that: “explains either graphically, or in narrative form, the main things to be studied – the key factors, concepts or variables - and the presumed relationship among them”. (Miles & Huberman, 1994, p.18). Also, Yin (2009) adds that the framework illustrates the main concepts pertaining to the study, their interrelationships and the context within which the concepts and interrelationships are applicable. As a structure of what has been learned to best explain the natural progression of a phenomenon that is being studied (Camp, 2001), it is based on previous studies, theoretical and conceptual analyses, and theories that exist in the literature. Literature helps researchers frame the problem, support the claim, synthesize the knowledge base, and thus create a need for the study. The logical chain of reasoning used to support the argument of a research study is illustrated in the identification of the problem, assertions, and knowledge claims (Knobloch, 2010).

Therefore, the initial conceptual framework was developed based on the key issues and concepts identified through the literature review and the knowledge base of the researcher of the phenomenon. The primary objective of this research was to explore the underrepresentation of BMEs in construction. In this research, the conceptual framework (figure 3.2) served as a basis of understanding, and as a result was refined after the empirical studies based on the new knowledge gained from the employer interviews and the employee survey. The final framework acts as a guideline for employers and other stakeholders who wish to engage more BMEs in construction and to human resource management organisations to help address the phenomenon. The initial framework, depicted in figure 3.2 illustrates the overall understanding and purpose of the research.

IDENTIFYING EMPLOYER / STAKEHOLDER POTENTIALS

Figure 3.2: Conceptual Framework for the representation of BMEs on construction

This framework outlines the need for a proportional representation of BMEs in construction. It shows the influence of factors such as knowledge of policies and initiatives, experience, training benefits of diversity and so on. As the connecting arrows indicate, the factors are not mutually exclusive and therefore are interdependent. The factors influencing the contributions identified in the initial conceptual framework (figure 3.2) were investigated further with employer interviews and the employee survey for further confirmation. The framework also suggests that the contributions made by BMEs can bring benefits to the entire UK construction industry.

From figure 3.2, it can be noted that the initial conceptual framework was based on the main findings gathered from literature on the basis of which any specific contributions or benefits were identified when these issues were tested and elaborated upon using the empirical evidence (chapters 5 and 6). The interviews as explained in section 5.3 served the purpose of identifying the subtheme classifications under which factors influencing the contributions of BMEs and

Outcomes of cultural emersion and recognition process of BMEs

KNOWLEDGE OF POLICIES AND INITIATIVES

EDUCATION AND TRAINING: FORMAL/INFORMAL PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE AND EXPERTISE Organi sation al / institu tional Drivers Occupational / Organisational Barriers

BME BACKGROUNDS

Education and Training Religious Affiliation Ethnicity/Origin Cultural Background OUTCOMES OF CULTURAL EMERSION AND RECOGNITION

Representation / inclusion Progression Retention

Benefits of Diversified and EO Construction Environment Recognising BME contribution

benefits of diversity to the industry were explored. Accordingly, the final conceptual framework was refined using the knowledge obtained from the empirical studies based on the inductive approach. The refined conceptual framework developed following empirical studies has identified the classified factors influencing the benefits and need for diversity, the levels at which contributions can be made and those who will benefit from them. Accordingly, the proposed framework reveals these factors at different levels, with peculiar emphasis on the beneficiaries (see figure 7.1). The next section summarises the chapter and draws it to a close.

3.11 Chapter Summary and Conclusion

This study is underpinned by the theory that is based on how best the construction industry can better understand BMEs and their orientation and cultural practices to encourage their engagement through employment, progression and retention in the industry. The literature review at this stage has helped to explore the current state of the art of the level of BMEs involvement and their limitations in the industry. Also, it helped in identifying the research gap and in constructing the initial framework. This facilitated the unveiling of the barriers they face in order to help delineate the factors that will help drive their inclusion through a more robust investigation to aid proposals aimed at finding lasting solutions to resolve the problem. In effect, the nature of the problem warrants the used of mixed methods research through the use of interviews of employers in the industry and a questionnaires survey of employees whose views helped to contextualise the experiences that BMEs face in finding employment and staying on in construction; steps which are further expatiated on in chapter 3.

It has therefore been established that along with the working population in most countries who have become increasingly diverse, the UK construction industry must tackle the prospect of embracing the opportunity to enhance its creative and productive potential. The industry must appear attractive as a career option for potentially new entrants from underrepresented groups, in this case BMEs, in order to take advantage of the skills, talents and varied perspectives of a balanced workforce. The next chapter looks at the methodological process of the research.