• No results found

7 Learning Style Activities

In document Entrepreneurship Book (Page 36-39)

¬ Activist: Re-read the Richard Branson case example and list all of the personal-ity and behavioural characteristics he displays.

¬ Reflector: Relate these characteristics to the various theories of entrepreneurial behaviour.

¬ Theorist: Consider the extent to which the existing psychological theories explain Branson’s personality and behaviour.

¬ Pragmatist: On the basis of your deliberations, what do you believe can or should be done to help people become more entrepreneurial?

7 Reading

Ajzen, I. (1991) The Theory of Planned Behaviour. Organisational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50, 179–211.

Allinson, C.W., E. Chell and J. Hayes (2000) Intuition and Entrepreneurial Behaviour. European Journal of Work and Organisational Psychology 9 (1), 31–43.

Bower, T. (2001) Branson. London: Fourth Estate.

Brockhaus, R.H. (1980) Risk Taking Propensity of Entrepreneurs. Academy of Management Journal 23, 509–20.

Brockhaus, R.H. and P.S. Horwitz (1986) The Psychology of the Entrepreneur, in Sexton, D.L. and R.W. Smilor (eds) The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship. Cambridge: Ballinger Publishing Company.

Brockhaus, R.H. and W.R. Nord (1979) An Exploration of Factors Affecting the Entrepreneurial Decision: Personal Characteristics Versus Environmental Conditions. Proceedings of the Academy of Management 10, 509–20.

Busenitz, L.W. (1999) Entrepreneurial Risk and Strategic Decision Making: It’s a Matter of Perspective. Journal of Applied Behavioural Science 35 (3), 325–40.

Caird, S. (1991) The Enterprising Tendency of Occupational Groups. International Small Business Journal 9 (4), 75–81.

Carland, J.W. (1982) Entrepreneurship in a Small Business Setting: An Exploratory Study.

Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Athens GA: University of Georgia.

Chell, E. (2000) Toward Researching the Opportunistic Entrepreneur: A Social Constructionist Approach and Research Agenda. European Journal of Work and Organisational Psychology 9 (1), 63–80.

Chell, E., J.M. Haworth and S.A. Brealey (1991) The Entrepreneurial Personality: Concepts, Cases and Strategies. London: Routledge.

Chen, P.C., P.G. Greene and A. Crick (1998) Does Entrepreneurial Self Efficacy Distinguish Entrepreneurs from Managers? Journal of Business Venturing 13, 295–316.

Cromie, S. (2000) Assessing Entrepreneurial Implications: Some Approaches and Empirical Evidence. European Journal of Work and Organisational Psychology 9 (1), 7–30.

Cromie, S. and S. Johns (1983) Irish Entrepreneurs: Some Personal Characteristics. Journal of Organisational Behaviour 4, 317–24.

Cromie, S. and J. O’Donoghue (1992) Assessing Entrepreneurial Inclinations. International Small Business Journal 10 (2), 66–73.

Cromie, S., I. Callaghan and M. Jansen (1992) The Entrepreneurial Tendencies of Managers: A Research Note. British Journal of Management 3, 1–5.

Delmar, F. (2000) The Psychology of the Entrepreneur, in Carter, S and D. Jones-Evans (eds) Enterprise and Small Business: Principles, Practice and Policy. Harlow: Prentice Hall.

Drucker, P. (1985) Innovation and Entrepreneurship. London: Heinemann.

Gibb, A.A. (1990) Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship—Exploring the Differences, in Donckels, R.

and A. Miettinen (eds) New Findings and Perspectives in Entrepreneurship. Aldershot: Gower.

Guirdham. M. and K. Tyler (1992) Enterprise Skills for Students. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Ho, T.S. and Koh, H.C. (1992) Differences in Psychological Characteristics Between Entrepreneurially Inclined Accounting Graduates in Singapore. Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Change 1, 243–54.

Holt, K. (1983) Product Innovation Management. London: Butterworth.

Hornaday, R. (1982) Research About Living Entrepreneurs, in Kent, C.A., D.L. Sexton and K.L.

Vesper (eds) Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. Englewood-Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hall.

Hull, D.L., J.J. Bosley and G.G. Udell (1980) Renewing the Hunt for the Heffalump: Identifying Potential Entrepreneurs by Personality Characteristics. Journal of Small Business 18, 11–18.

Kets de Vries, M.F.R. (1997) The Entrepreneurial Personality: A Person at the Crossroads. Journal of Management Studies, February, 34–57.

Kilby, P. (1971) Hunting the Heffalump, in Kilby, P. (ed.) Entrepreneurship and Economic Development. New York: Free Press.

Kirby, D.A. and Y. Fan (1995) Chinese Cultural Values and Entrepreneurship: A Preliminary Consideration. Journal of Enterprising Culture 3 (3), 245–60.

Kirton, M. (1976) Adaptors and Innovators: A Description and Measure. Journal of Applied Psychology 61, 622–9.

Koh, H.C. (1996) Testing Hypotheses of Entrepreneurial Characteristics. Journal of Managerial Psychology 11, 12–25.

Krueger, N.F. and Brazeal, D.V. (1994) Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 18, 91–104.

Kuratko, D.F. and R.M. Hodgetts (2001) Entrepreneurship: A Contemporary Approach. Orlando FL:

Harcourt Inc.

Lessem, R. (1986a) Enterprise Development. Aldershot: Gower.

Lessem, R. (1986b) Intrapreneurship: How to be a Successful Individual in a Successful Business.

Aldershot: Wildwood House.

Levenson, H. (1973) Multidimensional Locus of Control in Psychiatric Patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 41, 397–404.

Lynn, R. (1969) An Achievement Motivation Questionnaire. British Journal of Psychology 60, 529–34.

McClelland, D.C. (1961) The Achieving Society. Princeton NJ: Van Nostrand.

Miner, J.B. (1997) A Psychological Typology of Successful Entrepreneurs. London: Quorum Books.

Morris, J. (1975) Developing Resourceful Managers, in Taylor, B. and G.L. Lippit (eds) Management Development and Training Handbook. London: McGraw-Hill Book Company Ltd.

Olsen, P.D. (1995) Entrepreneurship: Process and Abilities. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 10 (1), 25–32.

Paulhus, D. (1983) Sphere-specific Measures of Perceived Control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 44, 1253–65.

Rogers, E.M. (1983) Diffusions of Innovations. New York: Free Press.

Rotter, J.B. (1966) Generalised Expectancies for Internal Versus External Control of Reinforcement.

Psychological Monographs 80 (whole No. 609).

Scottish Enterprise (1997) Local Heroes. Edinburgh: Insider Group.

Smith, J.M. (1973) A Quick Measure of Achievement Motivation. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 12, 18–27.

Smith, N.R. (1967) The Entrepreneur and his Firm: The Relationship Between Type of Man and Type of Company. East Lansing MI: Michigan State University.

Solomon, G.T. and E. Winslow (1988) Towards a Descriptive Profile of the Entrepreneur. Journal of Creative Behaviour 22, 162–71.

Spence, J.T. (1985) Achievement American Style–-The Rewards and Costs of Individualism.

American Psychologist 40 (12), 1285–95.

Steers, R.M. and D.N. Braunstein (1976) A Behaviourally Based Measure of Manifest Needs in Work Settings. Journal of Vocational Behaviour 9, 151–66.

Stimpson, D.V., P.B. Robinson, S. Waranusuntikule and R. Zheng (1990) Attitudinal Characteristics of Entrepreneurs and Non-entrepreneurs in the United States, Korea, Thailand and the People’s Republic of China. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 2, 49–55.

Stormer, R., T. Kline and S. Goldenberg (1999) Measuring Entrepreneurship with the General Enterprising Tendency (GET) Test: Criterion-related Validity and Reliability. Human Systems Management 18 (1), 47–54.

Timmons, J.A. (1989) The Entrepreneurial Mind. Andover MA: Brick House Publishing.

Timmons, J.A., L.E. Smollen, A.L.M. Dingee (1985) New Venture Creation. Homewood IL: Irwin.

Tziner, A. and D. Elizur (1985) The Achievement Motive Construct. Journal of Organizational Behaviour 6, 209–27.

Utsch, A. and A. Rauch (2000) Innovativeness and Initiative as Mediators Between Achievement Orientation and Venture Performance. European Journal of Work and Organisational Psychology 9 (1), 45–62.

Van Gelderen, M. (2000) Enterprising Behaviour of Ordinary People. European Journal of Work and Organisational Psychology 9 (1), 81–8.

Whiting, B.G. (1988) Creativity and Entrepreneurship: How do they Relate? Journal of Creative Behavior 22, 178–83.

Ring round your answer (Yes, Maybe or No) to each of the following questions, then check your score on the next page.

I am persistent Yes Maybe No

When I’m interested in a project, I need less sleep Yes Maybe No When there’s something I want, I keep my goal

clearly in mind Yes Maybe No

I examine mistakes and I learn from them Yes Maybe No

I keep New Year’s resolutions Yes Maybe No

I have a strong personal need to succeed Yes Maybe No

I have new and different ideas Yes Maybe No

I am adaptable Yes Maybe No

I am curious Yes Maybe No

I am intuitive Yes Maybe No

If something can’t be done, I find a way Yes Maybe No

I see problems as challenges Yes Maybe No

I take chances Yes Maybe No

I’ll gamble on a good idea, even if it isn’t a sure thing Yes Maybe No To learn something new, I explore unfamiliar subjects Yes Maybe No

I can recover from emotional setbacks Yes Maybe No

I feel sure of myself Yes Maybe No

I’m a positive person Yes Maybe No

I experiment with new ways to do things Yes Maybe No I’m willing to undergo sacrifices to gain possible

long-term rewards Yes Maybe No

I usually do things my own way Yes Maybe No

I tend to rebel against authority Yes Maybe No

I often enjoy being alone Yes Maybe No

I like to be in control Yes Maybe No

I have a reputation for being stubborn Yes Maybe No

7

Appendix

5.1

In document Entrepreneurship Book (Page 36-39)