Quality of life and health status measures
Began supervised PFMT antenatally Hughes 2001 Bristol Female Lower Uri-
nary
Tract Symptoms question- naire
Overall score not reported Overall score not reported
Hughes 2001 Bristol Female Lower Uri- nary
Tract Symptoms question- naire: a negative effect on exercise in response to ques- tion “does incontinence af- fect physical activity?”
47 of 585 at 6 months post- partum 41 of 584 at 6 months post- partum Relative risk 1.14 (95% CI 0.76 to 1.71)
Began supervised PFMT postnatally Sleep 1987 5 point Likhert scale in re-
sponse to question “how are you feeling generally?”
11 feeling not very well or not at all well, of 816 at 3 months postpartum
18 feeling not very well or not at all well, of 793 at 3 months postpartum
Not calculated as valid- ity/reliability of this mea- sure not known.
Sleep 1987 5 point Likhert scale in re- sponse to “Some women feel depressed at this time. Do you feel?”
71 feeling very or quite de- pressed, of 816 at 3 months postpartum
84 feeling very or quite de- pressed, of 793 at 3 months postpartum
Not calculated as valid- ity/reliability of this mea- sure not known.
Began supervised PFMT antenatally Hughes 2001 Bristol Female Lower Uri-
nary
Tract Symptoms question- naire
Overall score not reported Overall score not reported
Hughes 2001 Bristol Female Lower Uri- nary
Tract Symptoms question- naire: a negative effect on exercise in response to ques- tion “does incontinence af- fect physical activity?”
47 of 585 at 6 months post- partum 41 of 584 at 6 months post- partum Relative risk 1.14 (95% CI 0.76 to 1.71) 80 Pelvic floor muscle training for prevention and treatment of urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women (Review)
Began supervised PFMT postnatally Sleep 1987 5 point Likhert scale in re-
sponse to question “how are you feeling generally?”
11 feeling not very well or not at all well, of 816 at 3 months postpartum
18 feeling not very well or not at all well, of 793 at 3 months postpartum
Not calculated as valid- ity/reliability of this mea- sure not known.
Sleep 1987 5 point Likhert scale in re- sponse to “Some women feel depressed at this time. Do you feel?”
71 feeling very or quite de- pressed, of 816 at 3 months postpartum
84 feeling very or quite de- pressed, of 793 at 3 months postpartum
Not calculated as valid- ity/reliability of this mea- sure not known.
Incontinence severity
Began supervised PFMT antenatally
Hughes 2001 Frequency of leakage Experi-
encing occasional or more than occasional urine leakage (not clear how measured)
217 of 585 at 3 months postpartum 210 of 584 at 3 months postpartum Relative risk 1.03 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.20)
Hughes 2001 Amount of leakage Experiencing a drop or more than a drop of urine leakage (not clear how measured)
228 of 585 at 3 months postpartum 234 of 584 at 3 months postpartum Relative risk 0.97 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.12)
Hughes 2001 Other leakage sever- ity
Not measured Sampselle 1998 Frequency of leakage Not measured Sampselle 1998 Amount of leakage Not measured Sampselle 1998 Other leakage sever-
ity
Average
score from question- naire re urine leakage with gentle cough, hard cough, sneeze and laugh scored 0 for none, 1 for damp- ness, 2 for wetness and 3 for soaked
Mean 0.38, standard deviation 0.56, n=22 at 12 months post- partum Mean 0.42, standard deviation 0.49, n=24 at 12 months post- partum
Not calculated as va- lid-
ity/reliability of this measure not known.
Began supervised PFMT postnatally
Sleep 1987 Frequency of leakage Urine leakage once or more per week
64 of 816 at 3 months postpartum 57 of 793 at 3 months postpartum Relative risk 1.09 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.54) 81 Pelvic floor muscle training for prevention and treatment of urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women (Review)
Incontinence severity (Continued)
Sleep 1987 Amount of leakage Using ab-
sorbent pads some- times or always 38 of 815 at 3 months postpartum 43 of 793 at 3 months postpartum Relative risk 0.86 (95% CI 0.56 to 1.32)
Sleep 1987 Other leakage sever- ity
Not measured
Began supervised PFMT antenatally
Hughes 2001 Frequency of leakage Experi-
encing occasional or more than occasional urine leakage (not clear how measured)
217 of 585 at 3 months postpartum 210 of 584 at 3 months postpartum Relative risk 1.03 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.20)
Hughes 2001 Amount of leakage Experiencing a drop or more than a drop of urine leakage (not clear how measured)
228 of 585 at 3 months postpartum 234 of 584 at 3 months postpartum Relative risk 0.97 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.12)
Hughes 2001 Other leakage sever- ity
Not measured Sampselle 1998 Frequency of leakage Not measured Sampselle 1998 Amount of leakage Not measured Sampselle 1998 Other leakage sever-
ity
Average
score from question- naire re urine leakage with gentle cough, hard cough, sneeze and laugh scored 0 for none, 1 for damp- ness, 2 for wetness and 3 for soaked
Mean 0.38, standard deviation 0.56, n=22 at 12 months post- partum Mean 0.42, standard deviation 0.49, n=24 at 12 months post- partum
Not calculated as va- lid-
ity/reliability of this measure not known.
Began supervised PFMT postnatally
Sleep 1987 Frequency of leakage Urine leakage once or more per week
64 of 816 at 3 months postpartum 57 of 793 at 3 months postpartum Relative risk 1.09 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.54)
Sleep 1987 Amount of leakage Using absorbent pads sometimes or always 38 of 815 at 3 months postpartum 43 of 793 at 3 months postpartum Relative risk 0.86 (95% CI 0.56 to 1.32) 82 Pelvic floor muscle training for prevention and treatment of urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women (Review)
Began supervised PFMT postnatally (Continued) Sleep 1987 Other leakage severity Not measured
Pelvic floor muscle function Began supervised PFMT antenatally Dannecker 2004 Oxford scale, score of 0 to
5
13 of 59 with score of 0 to 3, at about 7 months post- partum
14 of 51 with score of 0 to 3, at about 7 months post- partum
Relative risk 0.80 (95% CI 0.42 to 1.55)
Morkved 2003 Vaginal squeeze pressure, in cm water Mean 29.5, 95% CI 26.8 to 32.2, n=143 at 3 months postpartum Mean 25.6, 95% CI 23.2 to 27.9, n=146 at 3 months postpartum Mean difference 3.90 (95% CI 0.35 to 7.45) Began supervised PFMT postnatally
Meyer 2001 Vaginal squeeze pressure, in cm water
Mean 33, standard devi- ation 22, at 10 months postpartum, n=51
Mean 41, standard devi- ation 27, at 10 months postpartum, n=56
Mean difference -8.00 (95% CI -17.30 to 1.30)
Began supervised PFMT antenatally Dannecker 2004 Oxford scale, score of 0 to
5
13 of 59 with score of 0 to 3, at about 7 months post- partum
14 of 51 with score of 0 to 3, at about 7 months post- partum
Relative risk 0.80 (95% CI 0.42 to 1.55)
Morkved 2003 Vaginal squeeze pressure, in cm water Mean 29.5, 95% CI 26.8 to 32.2, n=143 at 3 months postpartum Mean 25.6, 95% CI 23.2 to 27.9, n=146 at 3 months postpartum Mean difference 3.90 (95% CI 0.35 to 7.45)
Began supervised PFMT postnatally Meyer 2001 Vaginal squeeze pressure, in
cm water
Mean 33, standard devia- tion 22, at 10 months post- partum, n=51
Mean 41, standard devia- tion 27, at 10 months post- partum, n=56
Mean difference -8.00 (95% CI -17.30 to 1.30)
Delivery outcome
Began supervised PFMT antenatally
Dannecker 2004 Type of delivery 42 normal vaginal deliv- eries, 7 ventouse, 4 for- ceps, 2 elective caesarean
40 normal vaginal deliv- eries, 10 ventouse, 3 for- ceps, 2 elective caesarean
Relative risk for normal vaginal delivery 1.08 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.43)
83