the possibility of conflict between social groups.
Power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order.
(b) Moral Reasons : Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise, and who have to live with its effects. People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.
POWER SHARING
Forms of Powe r Sha ring :
Power sharing
Among different organs of government
Among Governments at different levels
Among different social groups
Political Parties pressure groups and movements
(i) Power is shared among different organs of government such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. Is also termed as horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level.
(ii) Power can be shared among governments at different levels – A general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. Such a general government for the entire country is usually called federal government.
POWER SHARING
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PAGE # 55 (iii) Power can be shared among different social
groups, such as the religious and linguistic groups. In some countries there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration.
(iv) Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties, pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power.
1. The power sharing arrangement among different organs of the government is
(A) horizontal. (B) vertical.
(C) multiple. (D) indirect.
2. An important principle under which the three organs of the government work, is
(A) each organ can work freely.
(B) balance of power.
(C) power-management.
(D) easy administration.
3. The group, which is fighting with arms for the demands of Sri Lankan Tamil is
(A) Dravida Munnettra Kazhagam.
(B) All-Ceylon Tamil Congress.
(C) Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.
(D) Pattali Makkal Katchi.
4. Belgium has borders with
(A) Netherlands, France and Germany.
(B) France, Germany and Spain.
(C) Spain, Nethwelands and France.
(D) Germany, Spain and Netherlands.
5. The role played by the ‘pressure groups’ in politics is to
(A) influence policies and decisions.
(B) launch political struggles.
(C) finance and mobilize political parties . (D) organize armed struggle.
6. Belgium has a
(A) bicameral legislature.
(B) unicameral legislature.
(C) dictatorship form of government.
(D) autocratic form of government.
7. The United Progressive Alliance is a (A) pressure group. (B) coalition party.
(C) regional party. (D) interest group.
8. In Sri Lanka, Sinhala was recognized as an official language in
(A) 1956. (B) 1968.
(C) 1978. (D) 1996.
9. The concept of seperate, soverign national and state governments is known as
(A) unicameralism. (B) federalism.
(C) aristocracy. (D) oligarchy.
10. The Indian democracy functions on the basis of (A) one man and unlimited votes.
(B) one man one vote.
(C) only elite adults can vote.
(D) only educated people can vote.
11. Member of Parliament are representatives of (A) party. (B) judiciary.
(C) government. (D) people.
12. The basic principle of democracy is (A) majority rule.
(B) people are the ultimate source of power.
(C) only leaders are powerful.
(D) political parties are powerful.
13. UPA stands for
(A) United Power Association.
(B) United Professional Alliances.
(C) United Progressive Alliance.
(D) United Progression Alliance.
14. An example of a one-party system is (A) Myanmar. (B) Pakistan.
(C) China. (D) Belgium.
15. The country with unicameral legislature is
(A) Belgium. (B) Germany.
(C) Finland. (D) U.S.A.
16. The main objective of the federal system is to (A) promote diversity.
(B) make centre more powerful.
(C) accomodate regional diversity.
(D) distribute finances to different organs.
17. The major objective of LTTE in Sri Lanka is to (A) establish autonomy for Buddhist people.
(B) attain independence for Christians.
(C) end Sinhala rule.
(D) demand separate homeland for Tamils.
18. The institution that can bring changes in the existing laws in India is
(A) Executive. (B) Judiciary.
(C) Parliament. (D) Press.
19. The first UPA alliance came to the power in
(A) 1996. (B) 1999.
(C) 2004. (D) 2006.
20. The state that protects and fosters Buddhism is (A) Nigeria. (B) Finland.
(C) Sri Lanka. (D) Belgium.
21. Executive is responsible to
(A) Lok Sabha. (B) Judiciary.
(C) Parliament. (D) President.
22. The voting age in India was reduced from 21 to 18 years by
(A) Indira Gandhi Government.
(B) Rajiv Gandhi Government.
(C) Moraji Desai Government.
(D) V.P.Singh Government.
23. The state in Canada that has agreed to settle land claims made by Aboriginal Community was
(A) Ohio. (B) Ottowa.
(C) Ontario. (D) Dakota.
24. The following government operates on the principle of
‘Collective Responsibility’ (A) Federal Government.
(B) Parliamentary Government.
(C) Presidential Government.
(D) Unitary Government.
PAGE # 56 25. Democracy originated in the
(A) UK, after the signing of Magna Carta.
(B) France after the Revolution.
(C) Ancient Greece.
(D) US after freeing itself from British tyranny.
26. The first general elections held in India was in the year
(A) 1971. (B) 1964.
(C) 1951. (D) 1947.
27. In India the leader of ruling party in the Lok Sabha is (A) Prime Minister.
(B) President.
(C) Speaker of Lok Sabha.
(D) Secretary of Lok Sabha.
28. The responsible party model
(A) makes it easier for voters to hold parties accountable for their actions.
(B) causes campaigns to be less negative.
(C) makes legislatures less divisive.
(D) increases citizen interest in politics.
29. Apart from the Central and the State government there is the third type of government in Belgium called the (A) Regional government.
(B) Ethnic government.
(C) Community government.
(D) Federal government.
30. Power sharing is desirable because it (A) ensures the stability of political order.
(B) imposes the will of the majority community over others.
(C) helps in promoting the communal feeling.
(D) helps the people of different communities to celebrate their festivals freely.
31. In 1830 Belgium declared its independence from (A) France. (B) Netherlands.
(C) Norway. (D) Germany.
32. The diverse groups and views are given due respect in
(A) Totalitarianism. (B) Autocracy.
(C) Democracy. (D) Dictatorship.
33. The Sri Lankan Tamils felt that the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders were (A) sensitive to their language and culture.
(B) insensitive to their people and culture.
(C) supportive to their customs and traditions.
(D) different to their colour and culture.
34. In Belgium, 40% people living in the Wallonia region speaks
(A) English language. (B) German language.
(C) French language. (D) Dutch language.
35. In Sri Lanka , the democratically elected government adopted a series of
(A) reforms to establish Tamils power and to protect Buddhism.
(B) majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala supremacy.
(C) repressive measures to establish the supremacy of Indian Tamils.
(D) preferential policies to establish a strong democracy.
36. In Sri Lanka, the two sub groups of Tamils are (A) Sinhala Tamils and Sri Lankan Tamils.
(B) Sri Lankan Tamils and Indian Tamils.
(C) Colombo Tamils and Indian Tamils.
(D) Sinhala Tamils and Colombo Tamils.
37. The major cause of the civil war in Sri Lanka was the distrust between the two communities namely, (A) Sri Lankan Tamils and the Indian Tamils.
(B) Hindus and Muslims.
(C) Sinhalas and Moors.
(D) Sinhalas and the Tamils.
38. Ethnic communities of Sri Lanka are composed of (A) Sinhalese, Indian Tamil and Muslim Communities.
(B) Sinhalese, Sri Lankan Tamil, Indian Tamil and Muslim Communities.
(C) Muslim, Sinhalese and Indian Tamil Communities.
(D) Sri Lankan Tamils and Indian Tamils.
39. Prudential reason of power sharing is based on careful calculation of
(A) gains and losses. (B) money and man power.
(C) profit and gains. (D) total income and losses.
40. In Belgium, 59% people living in the Flemish region speaks
(A) Spanish language. (B) English language.
(C) Dutch language. (D) Sinhala language.
41. European Union Parliament is in (A) Switzerland. (B) Denmark.
(C) Belgium. (D) Germany.
42. In Belgium, Constitution (1970-1993). prescribes that the number of
(A) Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government.
(B) German and English speaking people shall be equal in the state government.
(C) Spanish and French speaking leaders shall be unequal in the local government.
(D) German and Dutch speaking ministers shall be equal in union government.
43. The vertical division of power takes place in (A) presidential rule. (B) dictatorship.
(C) unitary government. (D) federalism.
44. Belgium is made up of
(A) German Region, the Flemish Region and the Brussels Region.
(B) Walloon Region, the Flemish Region and the Brussels Region.
(C) Walloon Region, the Flemish Region and the German Region.
(D) German Region, the Flemish Region and Walloon Region.
45. The period in which acute tension existed between Dutch and French-speaking people in Brussels was (A) 1940s and 1950s (B) 1950s and 1960s (C) 1970s and 1980s (D) 1980s and 1990s 46. Belgium is made up of three Communities namely
(A) French Community, Flemish Community, and European Community.
(B) French Community, English Community, and German-speaking Community.
(C) French Community, Dutch Community, and German-speaking Community.
(D) Spain Community, Flemish Community, and German-speaking Community.
PAGE # 57 47. Power sharing is necessary for
(A) vote bank.
(B) rules and freedom.
(C) dictatorship and diversity accommodation (D) prudential and moral.
48. The two functions of parties are (A) electioneering and lobbying.
(B) electioneering and governing.
(C) fundraising and governing.
(D) lobbying and governing.
49. The distribution of powers among Central, State and Local governments in India depicts the power sharing arrangement among different
(A) departments.
(B) levels of governments.
(C) socio-political groups.
(D) political groups and movements.
50. The concept of power sharing is based on the principle of
(A) sovereignty. (B) distribution of powers.
(C) individuality. (D) concentration of power.
51. The unitary government is best defined as (A) checks and balance.
(B) no constitutional division of powers between central and state government.
(C) balance of powers.
(D) seperation of powers between executive and parliament.
52. The horizontal distribution of power sharing takes place between the
(A) legislature and executive.
(B) executive and judiciary.
(C) legislature, executive and judiciary.
(D) legislature, executive, judiciary and press.
53. In a coalition government, power sharing takes place among different
(A) organs of government. (B) levels of government.
(C) religious groups. (D) political parties.
54. Inclusion of representatives of labour union, in the Management Board of an industry is an example of power sharing among different
(A) levels of government.(B) social groups.
(C) pressure groups. (D) organs of government.
55. During 1956 the Tamils feels alienated because government
(A) give due importance to Tamil elites only.
(B) followed preferential policies.
(C) was exercising its emergency powers.
(D) was not increasing their wages.
56. In Sri lanka the Sri Lankan Tamils are concentrated in the
(A) north and east part of the country.
(B) south and east part of the country.
(C) west and north part of the country.
(D) south and east part of the country.
57. Sharing of power among different levels of government is known as the
(A) Vertical power sharing.
(B) Horizontal power sharing.
(C) Organizational power sharing.
(D) Regional power sharing.
58. Indian Tamils are those people whose forefathers came from India as
(A) explorers. (B) artisans.
(C) industralist. (D) plantation workers.
59. Vertical power sharing helps in (A) concentration of power.
(B) decentralization of power.
(C) creating differences.
(D) motivating leaders.
60. Indian Parliament consists of (A) Cabinet and President.
(B) Prime Minister and President.
(C) President, Council of States and House of the People.
(D) Ruling party, Opposition party and Cabinet.
61. Majoritarianism is a belief that the majority community should be able to rule a country by disregarding the (A) Minority community. (B) Ethnic group.
(C) Sinhala community. (D) Muslim Community.
62. AITUC and INTUC are regarded as
(A) political parties. (B) pressure groups.
(C) social movement. (D) ethnic groups.
63. Sri Lanka has a (A) presidential system.
(B) semi-presidential system.
(C) parliamentary system.
(D) monarchical system.
64. The factor which led to the civil war in Sri Lanka is (A) tyranny of majority. (B) mismanagement.
(C) partial policies. (D) economic inequalities.
65. The country where a Grand Coalition came into being after the elections of 2005 is
(A) Belgium. (B) Lebanon.
(C) Sri Lanka. (D) Germany.
66. Wallonia region is the predominantly
(A) Dutch-speaking southern region of Belgium.
(B) French-speaking southern region of Belgium.
(C) German speaking northern region of Belgium.
(D) Dutch-speaking northern region of Belgium.
67. Between 1970 and 1993, Belgian government amended their constitution
(A) two times. (B) three times.
(C) four times. (D) five times.
68. Sri Lanka’s name before 1972 was
(A) Ceylon. (B) South India Island.
(C) East Holland Colony.(D) Oceania.
69. The Dutch and French speaking ministers were equal in the central government of
(A) Bangladesh (B) Belgium (C) Sri Lanka (D) Russia
70. The rules of power distribution among the different levels of government are laid down by the
(A) Central government. (B) Supreme Court.
(C) Constitution. (D) Legal laws.
71. Civil war is a violent conflict among various (A) different countries.
(B) political parties.
(C) organs of government.
(D) opposing groups within a country.
PAGE # 58 72. The term ethnic implies
(A) people living in harmony.
(B) a social division based on shared culture.
(C) people fighting for their community.
(D) people fighting for power.
73. The social and ethnic crisis in Sri Lanka can be solved through power sharing among different
(A) political parties. (B) organs.
(C) social groups. (D) pressure groups.
74. The meaning of the term ‘coalition government’ is (A) alliances of various political parties.
(B) grouping of two state government.
(C) government formed during state emergency.
(D) united government.
75. The principle of ‘’Hindutva’’ is advocated by
(A) FICCI. (B) Lok Dal.
(C) BJP. (D) Congress.
76. The voting age in Sri lanka is
(A) 24 years. (B) 21 years.
(C) 18 years. (D) 16 years.
77. Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in the year
(A) 1942. (B) 1944.
(C) 1947. (D) 1948.
78. The percentage of Dutch-speaking people in Flemish region of Belgium is
(A) 40 %. (B) 55%.
(C) 59%. (D) 63%.
79. The percentage of French speaking population in Brussels is
(A) 75. (B) 80.
(C) 90 (D) 98.
80. The population of Sri Lanka is divided into (A) Sinhala 55 % and Tamil 40%.
(B) Sinhala 68 % and Tamil 25%.
(C) Sinhala 74 % and Tamil 18%.
(D) Sinhala 80 % and Tamil 15%.
81. In Belgium the federal executive power, as regulated by the Constitution, belongs to the
(A) Prime Minister.
(B) House of Representatives.
(C) Senate.
(D) King.
82. Tamil natives of Sri Lanka are called (A) Sri Lankan Tamilian Group.
(B) Tamils of Sri Lanka.
(C) Sri Lankan natives.
(D) Sri Lankan Tamils.
83. The religion followed by the majority of Sinhala speaking people is
(A) Hinduism. (B) Buddhism.
(C) Islam. (D) Christianity.
84. The religion which is practiced by 7 percent of Sri Lankan population is
(A) Hinduism. (B) Buddhism.
(C) Christianity. (D) Islam.
85. The 1993 constitutional revisions, Belgium government waschanged from a
(A) republican to monarchy.
(B) unitary government to a federal system.
(C) dictatorship to democractic system.
(D) military to participatory democracy.
86. Sri Lankan Tamils launched a struggle for
(A) language recognition, autonomy and equal opportunities.
(B) language based division of country and major jobs.
(C) equal distribution of resources and separate land.
(D) government jobs and equal representation in government.
87. Christian Democratic Union is a political party in (A) Srl Lanka. (B) Germany.
(C) Netherlands. (D) Denmark.
88. The first countrywide pressure group of the organized Indian working class
(A) Hind Mazdoor Sabha.
(B) Indian Mining Federation (C) All India Trade Union Congress.
(D) Indian National Trade Union Congress.
89. Belgian leaders amended their constitution four times between
(A) 1950 and 1983. (B) 1970 and 1993.
(C) 1975 and 1995. (D) 1980 and 1999.
90. The term Eelam means
(A) country. (B) state.
(C) nation. (D) territory.
91. The powers of three organs of Indian government are defined by the
(A) majority party.
(B) opposition.
(C) members of parliament.
(D) constitution.
92. The division of powers between different organs of Indian government is based on the principle of (A) separation of powers.
(B) centralization of powers.
(C) delegation of authority.
(D) decentralization of powers.
93. The capital of Belgium is
(A) Walloon. (B) Brussels.
(C) Paris. (D) Melbourne.
94. The head of the Sri Lankan government is (A) Prime Minister. (B) President.
(C) Governor. (D) Secretary of State.
95. The concept of Gram Swaraj was conceived by (A) Jaya Prakash Narain.
(B) Vinoba Bhave.
(C) Swami Dayanand.
(D) Mahatma Gandhi.
PAGE # 59