To maintain the quality of the final product one has to concentrate over all the matters, from the collection of raw drugs till the packing and storage. It can be mainly divided in to three main stages
Stage 1 – Collection of raw drugs Test for genuinity
Different process of preservation Stage 2 - The pharmaceutical procedure Stage 3 - Storage and quality control.
113 A humble attempt to practically demonstrate the preparation of different doses of Kamadhenu churna has been performed according to classical reference with lit-tle modification in doses.
As this study is concerned, four main practicals were done namely 1) Gand-haka Shodhana, 2) Preparation of Churnas, 3) Preparation of Swarasa and, 4) Prepa-ration of Kwatha
Practical No.1- Preparation of Churnas:
Amalaki is taken in a quantity of 550 gms. The total yield was 500gms with a loss of 50gms.
Practical No.2- Preparation of Gamdaka shodhana:
500 gms of yellow colored shuddha Gandhaka was obtained out of 550 gms of Asudha Gandhaka with a loss of of 50 gms.
Practical No.3- Preparation of Amalaki swarasa:
15 litre of Amalaki swarasa was gained from 30 kg of Amlaki fruits, which was utilized for giving Bhavana to the mixture of Amalaki churna and Gandhaka for duration of seven days.
Practical No.4- Preparation of Salamali Niryasa Kwatha
875 gms of Salamali Niryasa was collected, which is an mridu dravya so 4 parts of water was added to it and reduced to 1/4th. After cooling it was used in the preparation of Kamadhenu churna.
The aim of preparing Kwatha is to extract the water-soluble active principles of the drug into the water. While preparing Kwatha, lid is not to be closed over the vessel, to-
114
• Prevent spilling out of the contents from the vessel.
• Enable the water to evaporate properly.
• Help in the reduction of water content.
Analytical Study:
As a measure towards standardization of finished product, analytical study of the drug was conducted.
For the chemical analysis of drug, parameters were segmented in analysis like phyisco-chemical, qualitative and quantitative. The physico-chemical parameters involved the analysis involving the physical and chemical principles. The total ash, and acid insoluble ash were respectively measured as 7.25% and 2.75%. It means the even after the direct involvement of sulphur, total inorganic salts were only 7.27%
and out of these only 2.75% were not soluble with 6N HCl. These findings are quite under approach number herbal medicines which denote its safety in terms absence extra inorganic elements. These findings get strength when the percentage of sulphur and sulphated ash were quantitatively calculated as 0.687% and 4.5% in sequence.
This is not too high to be excreted if given with combination of diuretic drugs. It is quite apparent from the result that good quantity of sulphur might have changed its form in complex with organic compounds or was lost during the preparation of drugs.
Prof. C.B. Jha has mentioned sulphur as Vrishya and Vajeekaran. So, if the formulation contains the permissible quantity of sulphur for the body (as with this drug) and in combination of diuretic drugs or with suggestion of more water intake, this drug acts well for the purpose.
115 The high values of water soluble extractives and alcohol extractives like 23.25% and 14.25% refer the better absorption of extractives against the cell-membrane. The qualitative tests for the formulations revealed the presence of reducing sugar, Anthraquinone glycoside and alkaloid in good quantity. Sugar itself is
proved Vrishya and better carrier to bring the active constituents to the molecules needed for desired effect of drug. The alkaloid may trigger the physiology of body to increase the count of sperm and motility by inserting the new life. Anthraquinone glycoside increases the peristaltic movement which is suggested and required phenomenon for any drug which is used as Vrishya and Vajeekaran.
Benefits of Physico-chemical analysis –
• When compared to organoleptic analysis, physico-chemical analysis is more reli-able, because it is an objective criterion.
• By repeatedly doing analysis of the finished product, which is manufactured under standard conditions, a standard for preparation of the compound can be set.
• It is helpful in detection of adulterants and substituents, which when used, would give altered value rather than standard value.
Experimental study:
Experimental study was undertaken because in the process of new drug develop-ment, experimental study is the first and foremost fundamental step.
In the experimental study, 18 healthy albino rats of male sex were selected and grouped into 3.
116 The drug is subjected for experimental trials to evaluate its Vajeekarana effect by Beach and stone method 1940. The observations of the experimental are as follows:
Initial arousal period:
The mean time of Initial arousal period in seconds, observed in individual groups are
G1-18.0sec.
G2-14.2sec.
G3-21.7sec.
Peak arousal period:
Peak arousal period showed highly significant at (P<0.001) in both treated groups in comparison with control group. The mean times of peak arousal period in seconds observed in individual groups are
G1-26.1sec.
G2-24.7sec.
G3-37.7sec.
Mounting behavior:
Mounting behavior showed highly significant at (P<0.001) in both treated groups in comparison with control group. The mean times of mounting behavior ob-served in minutes in individual groups are
G1-30.5min.
G2-28.8min.
G3-37.5min.
117 Ejaculatory reflex:
Ejaculatory reflex showed significant at (P<0.02) in both treated groups in comparison with control group. The mean times of Ejaculatory reflex observed in minutes in individual groups are
G1-23.1min.
G2-22.1min.
G1-25.1min.
Mount latency:
Mount latency showed highly significant at (P<0.001) in both treated groups in com-parison with control group. The mean times of Mount latency observed in minutes in individual groups are:
G1-3.08 min.
G2-2.48 min.
G3-5.92 min.
Time interval to mount again:
Time interval to mount again showed highly significant at (P<0.001) in both treated groups in comparison with control group. The mean times of Time interval to mount again observed in seconds in individual groups are:
G1-35.9sec.
G2-31.4sec.
G3-66.9sec.
118 From the above results it can be concluded that Trial drug 2 possesses better Vajikara activity in comparison with the Trial drug 1. i.e. Kamadhenu churna admin-stered in double dose posses better Vajikara activity in comparison with Kamadhenu churna given in single dose.
Table No. 30- PROBABLE MODE OF ACTION:
Dravya Rasa Guna Virya Vipaka Karma
Doshagh-nata
Sara Ushna Madhura Rasyana,
Deepan,
Sheeta Madhura Vrushya Vata Pittanashaka
119 The drugs are utilised for the preparation of Kamadhenu churna are comenly vrusha, Balya and Veerya Vardaka, predominately all the dravyas are having mad-hurarasa and sheet veerya . At the same time all are having madhura vipaka, Rasayana and Jeevania properties along with vatahara and medhya character with additional specialty of the preparation. The Aim of the experimental study is to increase the su-kra dhatu. If the susu-kra dhatu is increased automatically the increase of oja is possible.
The main ingredient Kamadhenu churna is Amalaki which is having Lavana varjita pancha-rasa with sheeta veerya and madhura vipaka is having the characters of rasayana, Vrishya and tridosahara
The total sulphur percentage of trial drug is 0.687%. This percentage cannot harm to the body of the human being, so it could be prescribed without fear to the pa-tient for the better results.
120 Conclusion
Conceptual Study:
• The present study is aimed to evaluate the Vajeekara effect of Kamadhenu churna in single and double dose through an experimental study on albino rats following Beech and Stone 1940 method and along with clinical study.
• Vrushya drugs may have aphrodisiac activity as well as spermtogenic effect.
• Vrushya drug are those, which can increase sexual vigor and improve seminal quality.
Pharmaceutical Study :
• A humble attempt to practically demonstrate the preparation of Kamadhenu churna has been performed according to the classical reference with little modification.
Analytical Study:
• As a step towards finished product standardization of Kamadhenu churna was subjected to relevant analytical parameters.
Experimental Study:
• In almost all Parameters, the trial drug II and trial drug I show statistically significant result in Experimental Study when compared to control group.
121 Scope for further study
• This formulation might be tried in form of a Capsule.
• As the trial drug showed significant results it is essential to study the drug in large sample.
• It is also essential to evaluate the therapeutic action of Kamadhenu churna through clinical trials with various specifications.
122 SUMMARY
The present dissertation entitled “Pharmaceutical and Experimental Evaluation of Kamadhenu Churna w.s.r. its Vajikara effect” comprises of VIII chapters. An attempt has been made here to find out an efficacious compound, which had Vajikarana property.
This study includes following chapters viz.
1. Introduction,
2. Aims and objectives 3. Review of literature 4. Methodology
5. Results 6. Discussion 7. Conclusion 8. Summary
• Tables & charts
• References
• Bibliography
In the introductory part aims and objectives of Ayurveda, importance of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, necessity for the assortment of this research work, materials and methods and plan of present study has been mentioned in brief.
In the 2nd chapter aims and objectives, objectives of the present study were mentioned.
Review of literature is dealt in 5 sub headings.
1. Drug review 2. Disease review 3. Swarasa Kalpana
4. Kwatha Kalpana 5. Churna Kalpana
Analytical study – The drugs were analyzed physico chemically to standardize it and results were tabulated in chapter of methodology.
Experimental study- The drug is subjected for experimental trials to evaluate its Vajeekarana effect by Beach and stone method 1940.
The study includes: Randomized selection of Albino rats, fixation of dose, administration of trial drugs etc.
Results-
The Observations made in the Experimental study were subjected to Statistical Analysis - Student’s Unpaired ‘t’ test.
The Trial drug 2 possesses better Vajikara activity in comparison with the Trial drug 2 i.e. Kamadhenu Churna with double dose posses better Vajikara activity in comparison with Kamadhenu Churna single dose.
In the last the results along with statistical analysis of the results obtained in treatment groups of Kamadhenu Churna in single dose and in double dose are depicted.
Discussion-
• Highlights the Pharmaceutical, Drug and Disease Review.
• The Observations made during pharmaceutical, analytical and experimental study are discussed to arrive at proper conclusions.
• Probable mode of action of the drug & further scope of the study is elucidated here.
Conclusion- Finally, the Essence of this Dissertation is enlightened.
Summary - Precise form of this Dissertation.
This is followed by List of Tables & Charts, References and Bibliography.
123
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PAGE NO.
I INTRODUCTION 1-3
II OBJECTIVES 4
III REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW 5-29
B. DRUG REVIEW 30-39
C. DISEASE REVIEW 40-79
IV METHODOLOGY
A. PHARMACEUTICAL STUDY 80-87
B. ANALYTICAL STUDY 88-95
C. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY 96-104
V OBSERVATIONS & RESULTS 105-109 VI DISCUSSION 110-119 VII CONCLUSION 120-121
VIII SUMMARY 122-123
TABLES & CHARTS REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY