Publications - Third Operational Report

Reports

El-Sayed A.F.M. (2014) Value chain analysis of the Egyptian aquaculture feed industry.

WorldFish, Penang, Malaysia. Project Report: 2014-22

Goulding I. & M. Kamel (2013) Institutional, Policy and Regulatory Framework for Sustainable Development of the Egyptian Aquaculture Sector. WorldFish Project report:

2013-39.

Kjaersig, H. (2014) IEIDEAS Project. External Review - Final Report. PEM Consult, Copenhagen. 31p.

Mur, R. (2014). Development of the Aquaculture Value Chain in Egypt; Report of the National Innovation Platform Workshop, February 2014. Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Amsterdam. 45p.

IEIDEAS Project (2013) Second Operational Report (1/10/2012 - 30/6/2013) -. August 2013 Journal articles

Nasr-Allah, A., M.W. Dickson, D.A. Kenawy, M.F.M. Ahmed & G.O. El-Naggar (2014) Technical characteristics and economic performance of commercial tilapia hatcheries applying different management systems in Egypt. Aquaculture Vol. 426-427 p. 220-230 (Open access)

Hebicha, H.A.; El Naggar, G.O.; Nasr-Allah, A.M. (2013) Production economics of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) pond culture in El-Fayum Governorate, Egypt. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 25: 227-238

Ibrahim, A.N.; Abou Zaid, M.Y.; Khaw, H.L.; El-Naggar, G.O.; Ponzoni, R.W. (2013) Relative performance of two Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus) strains in Egypt: The Abbassa selection line and the Kafr El Sheikh commercial strain. Aquaculture Research, 44(3): 508-517

Nasr-Allah, A.M., Dickson, M., Kenawy, D.A.R., El Naggar, G., Ahmed, M.F.M., Azazy, G., Garana, Y. And Diab, A.M. (2014). Value Chain Analysis of Egyptian Fish Seed Production.

4th Scientific Conference in Aquaculture Between Science and Application, organized by (CLAR) from 11-12 March 2014. Published in special edition of Egyptian Journal for Aquaculture and Abbassa International Journal (2014), 351-372. (Open access) Manuals/handouts

Kenawy, D.A.R., Nasr-Allah, A.M., and Ahmed, M.F.M., (2013). Egyptian Aquaculture Best Management Practice guidelines (in Arabic). WorldFish,

Nasr-Allah, A.M., Kenawy, D.A.R., Ahmed, M.F.M., and Zakey, A., (2014). Best

Management Practices for Tilapia Hatcheries in Egypt (Manual in Arabic), WorldFish, Egypt.

Egyptian aquaculture Best Management Practices (2013). Videos series (Arabic and English). On worldfishcenter youtube.

Press releases/news

http://www.worldfishcenter.org/news-events/iceboxes-help-women-fish-retailers-find-profits

Annex 1 - IEIDEAS project results chains and ToC assumptions

The results chains and associated theory of change assumptions, as refined at the June 2013 Abbassa workshop, are detailed below.

1. Abbassa strain dissemination Results chain/impact pathway

Assumptions/theory of change

The main assumption is that large numbers of farmers are willing to stock the Abbassa strain. This seems likely, as there are no other ‘improved strains’ available to Egyptian fish farmers and the reaction from farmers has been very positive; they would like to have a faster growing fish. However, it is important to manage expectations regarding the ability to deliver sufficient Abbassa strain seed at the right time. Large quantities of improved strain fry and fingerlings will not be available from hatcheries until 2014 (who will be supplied with broodstock from BMCs in 2013) so awareness raising activities need to be timed

appropriately. The revised logframe targets assume that 2000 fish farms will be stocked with the improved strain by the end of project (Dec 2014).

In relation to on-farm trials, it is assumed that farmers will stock the improved strain in addition to the existing commercial strains (but not in the same pond) to allow for comparisons to be measured.

If demand for the improved strain seed is very high there is a risk that BMCs and hatcheries will cheat by selling commercial strain seed as Abbassa strain. This highlights the need to develop genetic markers.

Continued development of the improved strain will depend on continued funding support for genetic research.

We do not know how wholesalers and consumers will react to the improved strain; this could be positive (if fish are more even sized, for example) or could be negative (if people think improved strain = genetically modified). The size of fish at harvest could also influence markets; farmers may tend to grow larger fish, assuming that it results in greater profit.

However, poor consumers tend to buy small fish, so less fish could be available for poor consumers.

For fish farmers, the use of the improved strain will lead to greater flexibility in production options as the grow-out time should be shorter. This means it will be easier to spread production through-out the year. There is a risk that production intensification will result in increased disease risks.

At the ‘poverty reduction’ level in the results chain it is assumed that faster growing fish will result in more fish being traded and sold by other actors in the VC which will result in more employment, increased incomes and increased consumption leading to improved nutrition of consumers. However, the results of these higher level goals will not become apparent on a

‘macro scale’ for some time and will not be apparent during the current phase of IEIDEAS project. Nevertheless it should be possible to identify trends from the first farms supplied with the improved strain in 2013.

2. BMP training

Results chain/impact pathway

Assumption/theory of change

While the delivery of BMP training by ‘farmer trainers’ is progressing well, the results chain assumes that it will be possible to deliver training by private sector actors, such as feed companies, after the project has finished. This assumes that the private sector will be willing fund the delivery of quality BMP training if, for example, it results in greater market share for feed companies. Obviously, not all commercial actors will be able / willing to do BMP

training.

It is likely that poorer farmers will benefit more from BMP training (as their existing practices are worse, or they have received less training in the past) than richer, better-resourced farmers. BMP trainers have already been asked to target poorer fish farmers for training.

BMP training should result in rapid production increases (more rapid than dissemination of the improved strain) that will result in progress on ‘poverty reduction’ goals during the project period. The target is to have 2000 fish farmers trained in the complete farmer BMP training by end of project. If the trained farmers achieve a 30% increase in production as a result of

the training it should be possible to achieve the 10% rise in production, employment and incomes envisaged for overall project objectives.

3. Support for women retailers Results chain/impact pathway

Assumptions/theory of change

Support for women retailers is a pilot-scale activity, testing out methodologies for enhancing their livelihoods, which will only result in significant contributions towards poverty reduction goals if it is scaled up after the current 3-year phase of the IEIDEAS project. The project targets are modest; to have sustainable retailer groups operating in all 5 project

governorates. Afterwards, these approaches could be extended to other parts of the country and to other markets in the 5 governorates covered by the project.

Initial project activities have worked through community development associations (CDAs), which have expressed interest in the project. Obviously there is an assumption that the interests of the CDAs coincide with those of the project and the retailers.

The main interventions that have been requested by the retailers so far are improvements in storage and handling of fish through using ice boxes, better transport and dedicated spaces to be used as markets. These should result in improved fish quality. However, this can only be guaranteed if the fish is delivered to retailers in good condition (clean, chilled or live), which is only possible in areas close to the main supply routes.

Improved quality should result in reduced losses and increased sales. However, links between this and higher profits, increased incomes, increased consumption and improved nutrition have yet to be demonstrated.

The left hand side of the results chain concentrates on improved working conditions, leading to improved entitlement to control assets; again these links are as yet unproven.

4. Pro-poor aquaculture production Results chain/impact pathway

Assumptions/theory of change

Pro-poor aquaculture production is another pilot-scale activity. The approaches developed would need to be scaled up to result in achievement of higher level goals.

The first activity has been to develop small-scale catfish rearing systems to be used by women. There is a major assumption that appropriate technologies can be developed that are sufficiently attractive to be implemented by women. In the early stages of technology development, equipment and operating costs will be subsidized. However, the real test will be at the scaling-up stage when they are facing real costs.

Scaling up of these approaches will require close cooperation with development partners such as NGOs.

5. Upper Egypt aquaculture production

Results chain/impact pathway

Assumptions/theory of change

Developing aquaculture production in Upper Egypt is also a pilot-scale activity, testing approaches that could be applied more widely in other ‘non-aquaculture’ governorates.

The main challenge is to identify realistic approaches that can be implemented at scale at present. Limitations on water use (only from drainage canals and lakes) and where aquaculture can be conducted (not in agriculture zones and limited use of cage farming) mean that (legal) aquaculture expansion is limited to the use of water storage reservoirs, which are limited in size and number.

6. Organizational & policy development Results chain/impact pathway

Assumptions/theory of change

The central activity in this results chain is the creation of a platform for policy dialogue.

However, political instability means that this is very difficult to achieve at present.

This has to be viewed as a long-term program rather than something that must be achieved and result in policy progress during the project period. It will also require a flexible approach.

If policy changes can be achieved, this could result in policies that provide a more secure operating environment for VC actors, allowing them to invest in better equipment and market development, which will feed through to increased fish production and policy level goals such as increased employment, increased incomes, increased consumption and improved nutrition.

Key policies required (10 year time frame) are as follows:

 Access to water

 Land tenure

 Access to EU markets

 Establishing fish quality and disease testing protocols

 Licensing of fish farms

 Relaxation of taxation on imports

 Ability to transport seed between governorates

Overall project impact pathway Results chain/impact pathway

Assumptions/theory of change

The project impact pathway links the results chains, making a clear division between the activities that are being implemented at scale (dissemination of improved strain, best management practice training and strengthening institutions and improving the policy

environment) and the pilot-scale activities (support for women retailers, research on pro-poor aquaculture and developing technologies for Upper Egypt). The activities being implemented at scale will result directly in increased production, productivity, quality, flexibility in

harvesting strategies, while the pilot-scale activities will require to be scaled up before they will result in significant development impacts; increased employment, increased incomes and improved nutrition.

ANNEX 2 - Revised project logframe

Logframe: Improving Employment and Income through Development of Egypt’s Aquaculture Sector (IEIDEAS)

Ph. 01 1 Dec 11 –

31 Dec 14

Hierarchy of Objectives Key Performance Indicators Means of Verification Assumptions &

Risks

Impact (Goal) Impact Indicators

To create 10,000 jobs in the Egyptian aquaculture value chain through support for the sector in 5 governorates

benefitting 50,000 household members;

to build a more secure future for the sector; and, to contribute to the nutritional health of low-income consumers.

 10,000 jobs created including 900 decent jobs for women retailers

 Net income in target enterprises increased by $8.8 million

 Project benefits extended to 2,000 fish farms, 100 wholesalers, 900 retailers by EOP

 Access to quality fish maintained or enhanced for low income consumers

 Value chain analysis

 GAFRD statistics

 CAPMAS data

 Project

reports/databases

Outcomes Final Outcome Indicators

1. Productivity and sustainability of existing fish farms in Sharkia, Kafr El Sheikh, Behera and Fayoum improved.

 30% production increase among 2000 target producers

 10% increase in national aquaculture production

 10,000 jobs (FTE) created.

 8000 on fish farms (4000 for youth)

 800 with traders/retailers (300 for youth)

 1200 for retailers (600 for women, 600 for youth)

 Value chain analysis

 Best management practice surveys

 GAFRD production statistics

 Other independent external evaluations

SEE SECTION ON RISK IN MAIN PROPOSAL

2. Livelihoods and working conditions of women fish retailers improved through pilot-scale interventions in Sharkia, Kafr El Sheikh, Behera, Fayoum and El Mineya.

 5 sustainable fish retailer organizations established

 Working conditions improved for 900 fish retailers

 Approaches developed for scaling out to other markets and governorates

 Organizational assessments

 Value chain analysis/retailer survey and interviews

 Project reports/databases 3. Farmed fish production increased in El Mineya

including pro-poor aquaculture and reduced environmental impact systems.

 El Mineya fish farm production reaches 150 t/yr by EOP (100 t/yr from ‘desert aquaculture’ integrated fish farms and 50 t/yr from existing farms)

 100 new fish farms developed (150 jobs)

 Pro-poor aquaculture systems tested

 Project reports/databases

4. Facilitate efficient and sustainable value chains in the aquaculture sector and optimal institutional, policy and regulatory frameworks

 Strengthened capacity of existing aquaculture producer and industry organizations to represent their members’ interests.

 Private/public sector policy platform established to develop approaches for key aquaculture sector challenges (resource planning, licensing, land/water tenure, quality management systems, market development)

 Policy & Institutions reports

 Project reports

Outputs (Results) Output Indicators

1. Fish farms, hatcheries and other value chain actors in the four main aquaculture production governorates receive best management practice training, other technical support and access to Abbassa improved strain seed.

Seed

 2000 fish farms using Abbassa improved strain by EOP

 20% improvement in fish growth rates among farmers using Abbassa strain BMP

 2000 fish farmers trained in complete set of best management practices by EOP)

 Significant improvements in productivity, production, quality, improved efficiency of production and FCR among trained farmers

 Best management practice surveys

 Project reports/databases

2. Fish retailing organizations established and functioning in 5 governorates

 Retailer committees formed and members trained

 Retailer committees supported to deliver interventions/services

 Results from pilot-scale trials assessed and communicated

 Organizational assessments

 Committee meeting minutes

 Training documents

 Documentation of interventions/

services delivered

 Project reports/databases

3. New aquaculture value chains in El Mineya established

 100 new fish farms established

 Hatchery established in El Mineya

 Producer organization established

 Market linkages/systems established

 Pro-poor aquaculture production systems tested

 Project reports/databases

 Producer organization assessment

4. Improved institutional and policy environment, fostering efficient and sustainable VCs

 Sector development strategy and quality management plan developed by Producer Organizations

 New licensing arrangements proposed

 Project reports

Activities + Results Chains

Outcome 1. Productivity and sustainability of existing fish farms improved

Outcome 2. Livelihoods and working conditions of women fish retailers improved

Outcome 3. Farmed fish production increased in El Mineya

Outcome 4. Improved value chains, policy and institutional frameworks

Annex 3 - Original Project Logframe

Logframe WorldFish: Improving Employment and Income Through Development of Egypt’s Aquaculture Sector

Ph. 01 1 Dec11 –

31 Dec14

Hierarchy of Objectives Key Performance Indicators+ Baseline Data Means of Verification Assumptions &

Risks

Impact (Goal) Impact Indicators

To create around 10’000 jobs through the development of Egypt’s aquaculture sector in 5 governorates, benefitting 50’000 household members; to develop the aquaculture sector in general; to contribute to the nutritional health of low-income consumers.

 Number of jobs created/retained

 Increase in profitability and production

 Institutional and policy changes

Outcomes 30 Nov. 2012 30 Nov. 2013 Final Outcome Indicators

5. Reinforce profitability of aquaculture producers and create 9’142 jobs in the governorates of Behera, El-Fayoum, Kafr-El-Sheikh and Sharkia

 2% women and youth employed

 5% profit increase among 400 target producers (BSL + 5%)

 4% women and youth employed

 10% profit increase among 400 target prod. and 800 sec. adopters (BSL + 10%)

 9’142 jobs created. Baseline: 36,515

 6% increase in direct employment of women and youth. Baseline: 20,813

 15% profit increase among 400 target producers and 1200 secondary adopters Baseline: to be established

 +100% production increase as compared to non-project governorates

 Employment: Independent external evaluation utilizing project or independently commissioned surveys

 Profit increase: Independent external evaluation reviewing evidence from partial cost-benefit analysis

 GAFRD production statistics

 Other independent external evaluations

SEE SECTION ON RISK IN MAIN PROPOSAL

6. Create/ retain 900 jobs in the aquaculture retailing sector

 25 women retailer jobs in Mineya, 50 in ElFayoum

 75 women retailer jobs in Mineya, 100 in El-Fayoum, 100 in other 3

governorates

 900 jobs created/ retained for women Baseline: 6293



7. Increase farmed fish production in El-Mineya governorate and create 250 jobs; Pilot and disseminate methods to decrease environmental and water utilization impact of aquaculture.

 5% production increase in El-Mineya

 10% production increase in El-Mineya

 15% increase in farmed fish production in El-Mineya Baseline: 0-tonnes

 250 new jobs created Baseline: 0

 50% of aquaculture surface in El-Mineya make use of integrated aqua-/agricultural approaches, ensuring minimal environmental impact Baseline: 0

 Independent external evaluations

 50% of aquaculture surface in El-Mineya make use water efficient practices Baseline: 0

8. Facilitate efficient and sustainable value chains in the aquaculture sector and optimal institutional, policy and regulatory frameworks

 Private-public and civil society alliances established to improve instit. and policy environment

 Institutional and policy environment improved

 Local aquaculture associations in production and retailing established and functioning Baseline: 1 producer association in El-Fayoum

 More supportive institutional, policy and regulatory framework established Baseline: Key challenges identified (first use of water; processing/export;

social/environmental practices)

 Independent external evaluation utilizing government monitoring data or project-derived data

 Policy documents or other written evidence of regulatory,

governmental or

non-governmental support initiatives

9. Contribute to nutritional health of low income consumers.

 5% increase in fish production  15% increase in fish production

 900’000 t of fish produced for domestic markets (government targets) Baseline: 720,000 t (2010;

est.)

 Cost of fish ≤ price 2010 Baseline:

9.98 EGP / kg

 Per capita fish consumption in kg stable or above 2010 levels Baseline:

15.8 kg per capita (est.)

 Government statistics

 Seasonal price surveys in markets serving poor consumers

 Dedicated annual household panel survey

Outputs (Results) 30 Nov. 2012 30 Nov. 2013 Output Indicators

5. Productivity and profitability of fish farms in Kafr el-Sheikh, Sharkia, El-Fayoum, Behira governorates increased

Seed.

 Abbassa strain broodstock distributed by AFBC to partner broodstock

developed (BMPs published)

 BMPs used by 100 producers in target governorates (# farmers using)

Seed.

 Sufficient broodstock for seed multiplication produced (broodstock numbers)

 Production trials on demonstration farms completed using seed provided directly from the AFBC and results shared via Pos

BMPs.

 FCR on 400 farms improved in target

Seed

 Improvements in growth rates among 400 producers using Abbassa strain in target governorates (BSL + 30%), productivity (BSL + 5%) and profits (BSL + 10%)

BMP

 Improvements in FCR (BSL + 15%) among partner producers in target governorates

Seed + BMP

 Improvements among producers adopting both measures in target

 Published reports for on-farm trials for tilapia growth rates and farm production survey data for production and profitability

 Published reports for on-farm trials comparing BMPs with current practice and farm production survey data for production and profitability

 Same as above

governorates (BSL+ 5%) governorates in fish growth rates (BSL + 25%), production (BSL + 8%) and profits (BSL + 15%)

6. New retailing opportunities and arrangements established

 The role of women retailer organizations in securing employment and equitable benefits from aquaculture VCs in five target governorates understood (Report)

 Market interventions to improve employment and benefits among women retailers in Mineya and Fayoum identified and initiated (Report)

 Results from Year 1 interventions evaluated (Report)

 Scale-out in target governorates initiated and data collected and analyzed (Report; paper)

 Establishment of women fish retailer organizations in five governorates

 Organizational establishment documents

 Survey data

7. New aquaculture value chains in El Mineya established

 High potential production sites in Mineya identified on basis of biophysical resources and market linkages (Report)

 Target groups identified and Producer Organizations established (Reports;

workshops)

 Barriers to uptake and market based interventions identified (Report)

 Prioritized technologies and other interventions initiated with target groups