• eQuiHp european project getting evidence into practice, nigZ, Vig. European quality instrument for health
promotion (EQUIHP). 2005.
online: http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_projects/2003/action1/docs/2003_1_15_a10_en.pdf
• preffi 2 molleman g., peters l., Hommels l., ploeg m. Outil de pilotage et d’analyse de l’effi cacité attendue
des interventions en promotion de la santé (Tool for guidance and analysis of expected effi ciency in health
promotion actions), Preffi 2.0. Woerden, Holland: institute for Health promotion and illness prevention
(nigZ, institut pour la promotion de ala santé at pour la prévention des maladies), 2003: 37 p.
online: http://www.inpes.sante.fr/index.asp?page=preffi /preffi 2.htm
• Quality criteria swiss Health promotion. Project quality criteria. Version 5.0. 2007.
online: http://www.quintessenz.ch/fr/dimensions
GLoSSArY
• european commission, rusch e. (coord.) European Public Health Glossary.
online: http://www.bdsp.ehesp.fr/glossaire/
uSeFuL INTerNeT SITeS
Not-for-profi t organisations: http://www.associations.gouv.fr
ministerial portal intended for all persons wishing to create, understand or obtain information about notforprofi t organisations. it presents the policy in terms of notforprofi t organisations of the state and information relating to the history and current situation of notfor profi t organisations. it also offers a practical information guide, a documentary basis and an entry intended for the participants in the notforprofi t organisation channel.
french institute of Prevention and health education (iNPes, institut national de prévention et
d’éducation pour la santé): http://www.inpes.sante.fr
inpes is a government institution founded on 4 march 2002 to provide for the rights of ill persons and the quality of the health system. the institute is a public health player specifi cally responsible for implementing health promotion and education policies in a general context of public health policy guidance set by the government. the site offers a range of tools and documents that can downloaded by the general public and health or education professionals.
quint-essenz: http://www.quintessenz.ch/
swiss governmental organisation for Health promotion. intended for everyone involved in the planning and implementation of the health promotion and prevention projects. it contains information for managing the project, managing
glOssARy
heAlTh PROMOTiONPROJeCT: complete process (design,
situation analysis, planning, implementation, followup and evaluation) marked by the implementation of a series of coordinated activities towards the same objectives and time specifi c.
PROJeCT: one or several tasks organised according to a logical,
observable procedure.
CONTiNuOus quAliTy iMPROveMeNT: action based on a
cycle consisting of the following 4 essential phases: planning implementingdeming’s quality wheel or Plan Do Check Act1.
NOT-fOR-PROfiT ORgANisATiON “AssOCiATiON”: defi ned
by french law on 1 July 1901 as an agreement by which two or more persons permanently share their knowledge or activity for purposes other than profi tsharing.
quAliTy AssuRANCe: series of predefi ned and systematic
activities implemented under the quality system (…) to enhance trust in the ability of the organisation to achieve and to maintain the desired quality2.
self-AssessMeNT: method allowing a multidisciplinary team
to carry out selfdiagnosis using a specifi c reference system. it may concern an activity, either on a multithemed topic, or an organisation as a whole3.
heAlTh exPeCTATiONs: what a person considers possible in
terms of the changes to his or her health, capacity to deal with a particular health problem and the possible effects of the evolution of the disease or a treatment on his or her health status and welfare4.
Needs: relates to what is gathered and analysed in mobilising
expertise. for example, needs studies may be based on existing indicators, epidemiological or psychosociological studies or consensus research5.
skills: mobilisation in context, in the right place and at the right
time involving cognitive resources, which enable a wise decision to be made, problem resolution or the proper action6.
PsyChOsOCiAl skills: an individual's capacity to respond
effectively to the demands and trials of daily life; aptitude of a person to maintain a state of mental wellbeing by adopting the proper positive behaviour when it comes to relationships with others, their culture and environment.
COMMuNiTy: there is community health where the members
of a social or a geographical group together refl ect on their health problems, express their priority needs and actively participate in setting up, developing and evaluating the most appropriate actions in order to respond to these priorities. community action in terms of health refers to the effort collectively undertaken by a community to increase its capacity to infl uence the factors that determine its health and thus improve the state of its health4.
CRiTeRiON: statement of an average or an element that enables
a reference to be met7.
deMANd: expression of a feeling that refl ects an aspiration8
of a population or its representatives.
quAliTy iMPROveMeNT: process of continuous improvement
of the quality of services provided. this involves a voluntary and collective action over a long period, undertaken by a centre or service in order to confi rm its strengths and to gradually reduce its weak points9.
deTeRMiNiNg fACTORs: series of personal, social,
economical and environmental factors which determine the health of individuals or populations10. According to the WHo, the main
social determining factors in terms of health in present society are as follows: stress, early childhood, social exclusion, working conditions, unemployment, social support, dependency, diet and transport policy11.
heAlTh eduCATiON: one of the action strategies for health
promotion. this is a series of means to enable individuals and groups to adopt health behaviour patterns while developing their independence and sense of responsibility. series of actions offering the possibility to each individual through his or her life to acquire and improve skills and the means to allow him or her to maintain their personal health and quality of life, as well as that of the group12.
1 . Chambine de S., Huchet A. Lamy A. Comment élaborer un référentiel qualité ? De la théorie à la pratique.(How to prepare a quality reference system: From theory to practice) Paris: Lamarre, coll. Guides de l’AP/HP, 2002: p. 15.
2 . French Association for Standardisation (AFNOR, Association française de normalisation). NF EN ISO 9000. Quality management systems. Essential principles and vocabulary. 2000.
3 . Chambine de S., Huchet A. Lamy A. Comment élaborer un référentiel qualité ? De la théorie à la pratique.(How to prepare a quality reference system: From theory to practice) Paris: Lamarre, coll. Guides de l’AP/HP, 2002: p. 79.
4 . European Commission, Rusch E. (coord.) European Public Health Glossary. Online: http://www.bdsp.ehesp.fr/Glossaire/ [Last consulted: 19/05/09]
5 . Rusch E., Thelot B. Dictionnaire de l’information en santé publique à l’usage des professionnels de santé (Dictionary of public health information for healthcare professionals) (2nd ed). Paris: Frison-Roche,
1996: 270 pp.
6 . Perrenoud P. Construire un référentiel de compétences pour guider une formation professionnelle.(Building a reference system of skills as a guide to professional training) Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences. Geneva University. 2001.
Online: http://www.unige.ch/fapse/SSE/teachers/perrenoud/php_main/php_2001/2001_33.html [Last consulted: 19/05/09]
7 . Chambine de S., Huchet A. Lamy A. Comment élaborer un référentiel qualité ? De la théorie à la pratique.(How to prepare a quality reference system: From theory to practice) Paris: Lamarre, coll. Guides de l’AP/HP, 2002: p. 80.
8 . Veret J.-L. (ed.) Glossaire de l’éducation et de la promotion de la santé. (Health Promotion and Education Glossary) CORES de Basse-Normandie, 2002. Online: http://www.cores-bn.org/lire3.php [Last consulted: 19/05/09]
eMPOweRMeNT: process through which individuals and groups endeavour to master their lives and this acquire a greater control over the decisions and actions affecting their health in the context of the social and political change of their environment4.
evAluATiON/AssessMeNT: based on the assessment of a
project for the purpose of assisting in the selection. systematic process consisting of measuring the gap between the predetermined objectives and their level of completion. the evaluation involves all means employed, the procedures used and the results achieved. Quality and evaluation are two ideas that are often confused while they are not equal. internal and external evaluation is measure used at regular intervals in an effort to obtain objectives defi ned in the context of quality improvement.
PROTeCTive fACTORs: internal and external resources for
protecting the health of individuals. they involve individual characteristics (selfesteem, sense of belonging, optimism, etc.), personal behaviour (diet, physical activity, etc.), socioeconomic conditions (employment, unpolluted air and water supply, social support, care, etc.)4.
iNdiCATORs: specifi c observable data providing information on
how a particular criterion is reached.
sOCiAl iNequAliTies iN heAlTh: there is no universal
defi nition of social inequalities in health. these refer to the overall relationship between health and belonging to a social group. if one refers to the defi nition of the inequalities in health on the public health database, by comparison, one may observe that the social inequalities in health consist of ‘signifi cant and avoidable systematic differences in public health’ observed among social groups13. these concern the entire population along a social scale,
that is, with an increasing frequency which regularly favours the preferred categories over those that are neglected.
ACTiON: set of exchanges among a determined circle of individuals,
having the objective of bringing about certain modifi cations among participants while relying on an action plan that is more or less explicitly based on a formula, and a theory (of intervention) describing effi cient mechanisms which enable the expected results
(outcomes) to be achieved.
isO: Acronym of the international standards organisation which produces and publishes international standards. prepared in partnership with the sectors to which apply them (industry, services, etc.), iso standards express the most advanced technical knowledge and guarantee essential features such as quality, ecology and reliability.
quAliTy POliCy: general guidelines and objectives of an
organisation in relation to quality, such as those formally declared by the highest management levels of the company14.
PReveNTiON: series of measures aimed at preventing the
outbreak of illnesses or cutting them off at an early stage, therapy being more accessible15. prevention measures may consist of
a medical intervention and monitoring the environment, legislative, fi nancial and behavioural measures, political pressures or health education4.
PROCess: series of interrelated or interactive activities which
transform incoming elements into outgoing elements2.
heAlTh PROMOTiON: process that provides individuals and
populations with the means to ensure greater control over their health and for improving it. the ottawa charter (1986) defi nes 3 essential strategies: generating awareness about health in order to create the ideal conditions for health (appeal), providing all the means for fully realising their health potential (facilitation), acting as a intermediary between the different interests present in the society with a view to becoming health (mediation). this includes 5 lines of action: developing policy for health, creating favourable environments, promoting community action, acquiring individual aptitudes, and reorienting health services.
quAliTy: series of characteristics that give an organisation the
ability to meet expressed or implicit needs2.
RefeReNCe: statement of an attempt or a requirement enabling
the delivery of care or quality services16.
RefeReNCe sysTeM: series of written elements which may be a
useful basis for evaluation in the context of quality improvement. A reference system is established on the basis of regulation texts, published recommendations for professional practice considered as valid, existing bibliographic references, expert advice17.
heAlTh: numerous defi nitions are proposed, including one of the
most popular, which is included in the ottawa charter: “health is the balance and harmony of all the biological, psychological and social possibilities of the human individual. this means, on the one hand, satisfying the fundamental needs of the individual which are effectively the same for all human beings, and on the other hand, the endless questioning of how humankind adapts to an environment that is perpetually evolving"18. this is a positive
concept, one that prioritises social and personal resources as well as mental capacities4.