This is SMYS, or Sy, the specified minimum yield or stated proof stress of the pipe material at room temperature.
Note: Unless explicitly entered by the user, this value will be taken from the Material Database, if available and applicable.
Fac
A unitless multiplication factor used by some transmission and non-U.S. piping codes. The specific input required for each piping code is discussed as follows:
B31.1. Not used.
B31.3. Not used.
B31.4. Amount the pipeline may be considered under complete axial restraint, i.e. long and buried. This option is used primarily when the user is adding bending stresses to the stresses already developed in the pipeline due to its buried restraint. This condition occurs when, for example a branch is tieing into a long buried header and the soil supports are not modeled. The equation for stress in CAESAR II is:
Stress = (Fac) x abs[ E (T2-T1) + (1- ) Shoop ] + (SE+ SL)(1-Fac) Where:
E = elastic modulus
= thermal expansion coefficient per degree T2 = operating temperature
Fac should be a number between zero and one. One, when the pipe is fully restrained, i.e. buried for a long distance. Zero when the pipe is subject to no buried axial restraint. The default value for Fac is 0.0. Note that when Fac is 0.001, this indicates to CAESAR II that the pipe is buried but that the soil supports have been modeled. This will cause the hoop stress component, rather than the longitudinal stress, to be added to the operating stresses, conforming to the spirit of the restrained line stress calculation above.
B31.4 Chapter IX. This value is F1, Hoop Stress Design Factor, as per Table A402.3.5(a) of B31.4. Appropriate values are 0.72 for Pipelines or 0.60 for Platform piping and Risers.
B31.5. Not used.
B31.8. Construction Design Factor, from Table 841.114B.
Construction type: (Descriptions are approx.) Factor A (CLASS 1) Wasteland, Deserts, Mountains, Grazing Land,
Farmland, Sparsely Populated Areas.
0.72
B (CLASS 2) Fringe Areas Around Cities, Industrial Areas, Ranch or Country Estates.
0.60
C (CLASS 3) Suburban Housing Developments, Shopping Centers,
Residential Areas. 0.50
D (CLASS 4) Multi-Story Buildings are prevalent, Traffic is heavy and where there may be numerous other utilities underground.
0.40 (0.4 is the default if not entered.)
B31.8 Chapter VIII. This value is F1, Hoop Stress Design Factor, as per Table A842.22 of B31.8. Appropriate values are 0.72 for Pipelines or 0.50 for Platform piping and Risers.
B31.11. Amount the pipeline may be considered to be under complete axial restraint (see discussion under B31.4 above).
ASME Sect III, Class 2 and 3. Not used.
B31.1 (1967). Not used.
Navy 505. Not used
CAN Z662. Indicates whether the pipe is restrained (i.e. long or buried) or unrestrained.
The equation for pipe under complete axial restraint is:
Stress = (Fac) x abs[ E (T2-T1) + (1- ) Shoop ] + (SE+ SL)(1-Fac) Where:
E = elastic modulus
= thermal expansion coefficient per degree T2 = operating temperature
Fac should be 1.0, 0.0, or 0.001. One, for pipe under complete axial restraint. One, when the pipe is fully restrained, i.e.
buried for a long distance. The default value for Fac is 0.0. Note that when Fac is 0.001, this indicates to CAESAR II that the pipe is buried but that the soil supports have been modeled. This causes the hoop stress component, rather than the
longitudinal stress, to be added to the operating stresses if the axial stress is compressive.
BS806. Not used.
Swedish Power Code, Method 1. Sigma(tn) multiplier. Usually 1.5. For prestressed (cold sprung) piping this value should be 1.35. The default used is 1.5.
Swedish Power Code, Method 2. Not used.
Stoomwezen. This is a constant whose value is either 0.44 or 0.5. Refer to Stoomwezen Section 5.2 for details.
RCC-M C, D. Not used.
CODETI. Not used.
Norwegian. This should be the material ultimate tensile strength at room temperature, RM. If not entered, this factor is not considered to control the expansion stress allowable.
FDBR. This cell can be used to over-ride the ratio of Ehot/Ecold, which is automatically determined by CAESAR II.
The modulus ratio is used to compute the expansion case allowable stress, based on the material and temperature.
Normally, this field can be left blank. However, if desired, a value (greater than zero and less than one) can be entered in this field to over-ride the program determined ratio.
To correctly utilize FBDR, the user should enter the Hot Modulus in the Elastic Modulus cell of the spreadsheet. CAESAR II will look up the Cold Modulus and compute this necessary ratio. Note that the use of the Hot Modulus in the flexibility analysis is a deviation of FBDR from every other piping code in
CAESAR II.
Note that if expansion coefficients are entered directly instead of temperatures, the program cannot determine Ecold. In this case, a value of 1.0 should be entered in this cell and the cyclic reduction factor fields should be used to specify the product of
( f * Ehot /Ecold) for each temperature case.
BS 7159. Mean temperature change multiplier k, as defined in Section 7.2.1 of the code. This should be 0.85 for liquids, 0.8 for gases, and 1.0 for ambient temperature changes. If left blank, this value will default to 1.0.
UKOOA. Mean temperature change multiplier k, as defined for the BS 7159 code above. If left blank, this value will default to 1.0.
IGE/TD/12. Material shakedown factor Ksd. HPGSL. Not used.
JPI. Not used.
DNV. Usage factor Nu (pressure bursting) from Tables C1or C2. Values must be between 0.64 and 0.84.
EN-13480. Not used.
GPTC/Z380. Construction Design Factor, from Table 192.111.
PD-8010 Part 1. Same usage as B31.4 above.
PD-8010 Part 2. Not used.
Ksd. (Factor) (Unitless)
This is the material shakedown factor described in Table 4 of the IGE/TD/12 code. Typical values are:
Carbon Steel: 1.8 Austenitic Steel: 2.0