Standards of Rules for Creating Subtitling

Standard in creating subtitle many found in technical factors with the media used, according to (Pratama, 2010; Untari and Sanjaya,

2015: 24), argued four medias that a role in translation subtitle are: (1) verbal auditory channel (VAC) in which include dialogue and other sounds of background, like song lyric, (2) Non-verbal auditory channel (NAC), include in natural sounds, effect sound and music, (3) verbal visual channel (VVC), it is combined of subtitle with the text in the movies, for examples: letter, poster, book, magazines, gravities or advertisement, and (4) Non-verbal visual channel (NVC), included pictures, camera position, motion and editing that arranged plot and mood in movie. Therefore, in arranging the subtitle, there is some standards or parameters should be considered:

a. Layout

1) Subtitles are usually positioning toward the bottom centre (middle) of the screen.

Watch a movie; actually, you have been familiar with subtitle. When we create a subtitle, we must look the position of a subtitle. Usually, subtitle always in the bottom of the screen and the position always in the centre or middle. If the positioner of a subtitle in the top of the screen or in the bedside of the screen, it will be damaged and make difficulties the audience to see and read the subtitle. The aim is, to make easier the reader and audience when they were watching the movie. 2) A maximum subtitle length of two lines is recommended.

The maximum length of the subtitle is two lines. More than two lines are allowed, but it will be damage the picture on the

film. If the dialogue of the actor or actress is too long. We can cut the dialogue, it very recommended if we create subtitle in two lines. The aim is, that subtitle can read and not disturb the audience when they are watching the movie.

3) The maximum space available for subtitle only 35 characters per line

When we create a subtitle, the way to create and the material has been told before. The character to create subtitle is 35 characters. Space, point and word, it is already calculated. For the example of Halo. It already calculated five characters (H – A – L – O + point).

4) The normal font in the subtitle is usually Font Sans Serif such as Helvetica and Arial to easy a reader.

Create subtitle should be interesting and the audience can read clearly. For the font, it has been set, usually, the subtitler chose the general font or familiar fonts, such as Sans Serif, Arial, and Helvetica. Sometimes we found the subtitle with the different font, like bold, italic, or etc. It is allowed to make easier the audience; the subtitle should be allowed the rules. 5) The colour of subtitles is white.

Actually, we often found the subtitle with kinds of colour or colourful. Sometimes we found with the colour black, green, blue, purple or etc. or sometimes the colour to make differences another dialogue, an example for the woman the colour of a

subtitle is pink and man is blue. It looks so good, but it is better if the colour of a subtitle is one colour is white.

6) Subtitle forbidden put on the top of text as in informational setting.

In this explanation is clear enough. Why had the subtitle forbidden to put on the top of text? It will be damage the movie. If the subtitler wants to give informational setting, he or she can put the text or subtitle in the middle of the screen. b. Duration

When we create subtitle has the maximum per lines. For two lines, usually give the maximum time just 6 seconds in two lines but in one line, the maximum of subtitle just 3 seconds. In every create subtitle the subtitler should put attention in the punctuation. Because the punctuation is not only put in the subtitle but also in every written text. The function of punctuation and letter case is to show a structure and writer to arrange the intonation and juncture when people read. Thus, punctuation is important to make audience to read something clearly; they are several examples of punctuation.

c. Punctuation

1) Sequence dots (…)

The sequence of dots indicate that the subtitled sentence is incomplete, so the dots are put at the back of the sentence. This punctuation use in the beginning and finishing sentences. The

function of punctuation is signed in the next sentences if the sentences continuing with the next sentence.

2) Full stops (.)

The full stop is used to indicate the end of the subtitle sentence. A full stop is as a sign of finishing the sentence. Usually after full stop always follow with capital later.

3) Dashes and hyphens (-)

Dashes are used to indicate the exchange of speaker’s utterances, such as in dialogue.

4) A question mark (?) and an exclamation point (!)

The question mark and exclamation point indicate a question or emphasis respectively. They displayed at the last character of subtitle with no space character inserted.

5) Comma (,), The comma used to suggest a short pause in the reading pace.

6) Used (/) or (-), The function of the punctuations as the mark or to remark in the changing dialogue.

d. Target Text Editing

Creating subtitle needs carefulness because subtitler should know the exact timing, dialogue, and picture to make a good subtitle. After the translator finishes to translate the video, editor recheck the language and make it simple and check the text or language to look natural, for the example;

In this case, translator and editor made a teamwork. The translator doing their job (translate) and the editor doing their job (recheck). If the translator, translate the language too long. An editor must edit the language to become a simple language and make the subtitle change into two lines.

2) The length of two lines in subtitles must be same.

This is almost similar to the first case. The subtitle should be same. When the audience read the subtitle with the same length it will make the audiences interest in the movie and it will look neat.

3) The time of subtitle must be appropriate with the time of sound in the film.

A hardest when the subtitler wants to make subtitle. They should calculate the timing. Therefore, one of the most important factors in subtitling is the timing or spotting (Vinczeová, ibid.). To our knowledge, measuring perfect timing in subtitling is an intricate work to do. However, using subtitling software, such as AEGISUB, to measure perfect timing is deemed particularly appropriate (Sierra, 2014).

4) There are no more two sentences in the subtitle.

When creating a subtitle, the maximum line is two lines. More than two lines usually continuing in the next dialogue. 5) The subtitler is forbidden to transfer all sounds to the subtitle. 6) Change negative to positive of the expression.

7) The taboo language should not saw without recommendation. This present project followed what Karamitroglou, he said in his article about making subtitle. The words on the screen are no more than 35 characters per line including space and the duration of the subtitle, itself are no more than five seconds. The lines of the subtitle in this project are no more than two lines so the subtitle would not take over the video.