The work reported in this thesis investigated the factors contributing to the variable influence of pelleting on broiler performance. Factors examined included grain type, conditioning temperature, pellet die, nutrient digestibility, feed form and pellet quality. Possible strategies to manufacture high physical quality pellets under low conditioning temperature were also studied.
The major finding of this research was that the balance between the negative effect of high conditioning temperatures on nutrient availability and the positive effect on pellet quality is relevant in determining broiler performance. Increasing the
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conditioning temperature from 60 to 90 ºC per se adversely influenced nutrient digestibility and broiler performance. However, when the high-temperature conditioned diets are pelleted, the better pellet quality obtained at high conditioning temperatures may (or may not) overcome the negative effect on nutrient availability. The probability and magnitude of this balance between nutrient availability and pellet quality are critical in determining the actual performance of broilers. These data suggest the possibility for high physical quality of pellet to be used as a non-nutritional factor to meet a fraction of the birds’ energy requirements, if better pellets in terms of nutritional and physical quality, are manufactured. Future research is required to determine the degree of probable contribution of high physical pellet quality to the dietary energy.
Under the conventional pelleting process, which uses high conditioning temperatures, good pellet quality is obtained at the expense of nutritional quality. Negative effects of high conditioning temperatures on the nutrient availability of pelleted diets have not been clearly delineated previously due to the combined effects of conditioning and pelleting when investigating pelleted diets, or have been neglected due to concerns regarding physical pellet quality and feed safety. The work reported in this thesis also showed that pre-conditioning addition of moisture and using a small diameter die hole and longer pellet length can effectively address physical pellet quality concerns even at low conditioning temperatures. However, further research is warranted to find other possible solutions to manufacture good quality pellets at low conditioning temperatures. Heat treatment is currently thought to be the most practical method to achieve satisfying levels of feed safety, but a continued search for other methods which are not detrimental to feed nutrients and bird performance must be undertaken.
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