D un ca n Fo reman H od ge ‡ K ho srov an i ‡ Warr en
1. Interviewer/facilitator: Which author/s conducted the interview or focus
group?
-
●
○
●
●
2. Gender: Was the researcher male or female?
-
●
-
-
●
3. Interviewer characteristics: What characteristics were reported about
the interviewer/facilitator?
-
-
-
-
●
4. Methodological orientation and theory: Did the researchers clarify the
framework they used to explore research questions and aims?
●
●
●
●
●
5. Sampling: How were participants selected? e.g. purposive,
convenience, consecutive, snowball
-
●
○
●
●
6. Method of approach: How were participants approached? e.g. face-to-
face, telephone, mail, email
-
●
○
-
-
7. Sample size: How many participants were in the study?
●
●
●
●
●
8. Setting of data interview or focus group? e.g. home, clinic, workplace
-
●
-
○
-
9. Description of sample: What are the important characteristics of the
sample? e.g. demographic data, date
○
●
-
●
-
10. Interview guide/survey: Were questions, prompts, guides provided by
the authors? Was it pilot tested?
●
●
-
●
●
11. Audio/visual recording: Did the research use audio or visual recording
to collect the data?
-
●
-
●
●
12. Duration: What was the duration of the interviews or focus group?
-
●
●
●
-
13. Number of data coders and description of coding tree: How many data
coders coded the data? Did authors provide a description of the coding
tree?
-
○
-
-
●
14. Derivation of themes: Were themes identified in advance or derived
from the data?
●
●
-
●
●
15. Software: What software, if applicable, was used to manage the data?
-
●
16. Are any contradictory data taken into account or noted?
-
-
-
-
-
17. Quotations presented: Were participant quotations presented to
illustrate the themes / findings? Was each quotation identified?
○
●
●
●
●
18. Data and findings consistent: Was there consistency between the data
presented and the findings?
●
●
●
●
●
19. Clarity of major themes: Were major themes clearly presented in the
findings?
●
●
●
●
●
20. Clarity of minor themes: Is there a description of diverse cases or
discussion of minor themes?
●
-
●
-
-
21. Does the researcher discuss the contribution the study makes to
existing knowledge or understanding?
●
○
●
●
○
22. Does the research discuss new areas of research needed?
●
●
●
-
●
23. Does the research acknowledge and address study limitations and
potential for bias?
-
-
-
○
●
24. Method of assessing internal validity
●
-
◊Articles could receive one of three scores for each item: - (dash): denotes that the article does not address the item
○ (hollow circle): denotes that the articles address the item incompletely
● (full circle): denotes that the article addresses the item completely
Score 10/22 17/22 11.5/24 15/24 15.5/22
Percentage
(%) 45.5 77.3 47.9 62.5 70.5
‡
These articles utilized mixed methods of survey data and interviews. Two additional items (15, 24) were added as a method of assessing survey data specifically. Other articles appearing in this table were not judged on the additional items. This is reflected in the maximum number of points in the scoring section.
A-xv
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