Iowa Code § 602.1614 (2012).
For short form examples see § 6-530. Additional Examples
Federal Statute Citations | State Statute Citations
Federal Statute Citations:
42 U.S.C. § 405(c)(2)(C) (2006 & Supp. 2010).
42 U.S.C.A. § 405(c)(2)(C) (West 2011).
42 U.S.C.S. § 405(c)(2)(C) (LexisNexis 1998 & Supp. 2011).
42 U.S.C.S. § 405(c)(2)(C) (LexisNexis 2012 through Pub. L. No. 112-195). 42 U.S.C.A. § 405(c)(2)(C) (Westlaw 2012 effective Dec. 18, 2010).
State Statute Citations
In states where a citation variant appears against a different background there is a distinct statute citation format used within the jurisdiction by state courts and those submitting memoranda or briefs to them.
• Alabama | Alaska | Arizona | Arkansas
• California | Colorado | Connecticut | Delaware • District of Columbia | Florida | Georgia | Hawaii • Idaho | Illinois | Indiana | Iowa
• Kansas | Kentucky | Louisiana | Maine
• Maryland | Massachusetts | Michigan | Minnesota • Mississippi | Missouri | Montana | Nebraska
• Nevada | New Hampshire | New Jersey | New Mexico • New York | North Carolina | North Dakota | Ohio • Oklahoma | Oregon | Pennsylvania | Rhode Island • South Carolina | South Dakota | Tennessee | Texas • Utah | Vermont | Virginia | Washington
• West Virginia | Wisconsin | Wyoming
Alabama
• Ala. Code § 7-1-101 ({currency information}).*
• Ala. Code § 7-1-101 (LexisNexis {currency information}).*
Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - LexisNexis in the second example. In jurisdictions where there are multiple print editions, the ALWD Citation Manual identifies all publishers even the one whose version is "official" being produced under contract with the state (West in this case). The AALL Universal Citation Guide would not include the publisher in any case.
Alaska
• Alaska Stat. § 45.01.101 ({currency information}).*
• AS 45.01.101.**
* The ALWD Citation Manual identifies the publisher even when its version is "official" being produced under contract with the state (LexisNexis in this case); The Bluebook does not. The AALL Universal Citation Guide would not include the publisher in any case.
** Within Alaska, this more economical statutory citation format, without currency
information, is used in decisions of the state's own courts and submissions to them, under circumstances where there is little ambiguity about which jurisdiction's statutes and which version are referred to. See Alaska Stat. § 01.05.011 (2009).
Arizona
• Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 47-1101 ({currency information}).
• Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 47-1101 ({currency information}).*
• Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 47-1101 (LexisNexis {currency information}).*
• A.R.S. § 47-1101 ({currency information}).**
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - LexisNexis in the third example. In jurisdictions where there are multiple print editions, the ALWD Citation Manual identifies all publishers even the one whose version is "official" being produced under contract with the state (West in this case - the second example). Both also call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated. ** Within Arizona, this more economical statutory citation format is used in decisions of the state's own courts and submissions to them, under circumstances where there is little ambiguity about which jurisdiction's statutes are referred to. See Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 1-101 (2009).
Arkansas
• Ark. Code § 4-1-101 ({currency information}).
• Ark. Code Ann. § 4-1-101 ({currency information}).*
• Ark. Code Ann. § 4-1-101 (West {currency information}).*
• A.C.A. § 4-1-101.**
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - West in the third example. In jurisdictions where there are multiple print editions, the
ALWD Citation Manual identifies all publishers even the one whose version is "official" being produced under contract with the state (LexisNexis in this case - the second example). Both also call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated. ** Within Arkansas this more economical statutory citation format, without currency information, is sometimes used in decisions of the state's own courts and submissions to them, under circumstances where there is little ambiguity about which jurisdiction's statutes and which version are referred to. See Ark. Code § 1-2-113(c) (2009).
California
• Cal. Com. Code § 1101 ({currency information}).
• Cal. Com. Code § 1101 (Deering {currency information}).*
• Cal. Com. Code § 1101 (West {currency information}).*
• Commercial Code § 1101.**
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - Deering (now owned by LexisNexis) in the second example, West in the third. The
AALL Universal Citation Guide would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated.
Where this example has the abbreviation for "Commercial" citations to California's other subject matter codes should substitute their abbreviations - e.g., "Civ." for "Civil" or "Prob." for "Probate."
** Within California, this statutory citation format, with no explicit indication of jurisdiction and no currency information, but spelling out the name of the cited code in full, is used in decisions of the state's own courts and submissions to them, under circumstances where there is little ambiguity about which jurisdiction's statutes and which version are referred to.
Colorado
• Colo. Rev. Stat. § 4-1-101 ({currency information}).
• Colo. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 4-1-101 (West {currency information}).*
• § 1-101, 4 C.R.S. ({currency information}).**
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - West in the third example. In jurisdictions where there are multiple print editions, the
ALWD Citation Manual identifies all publishers even the one whose version is "official" being produced under contract with the state (LexisNexis in this case). Both also call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated.
** Within Colorado, this more economical statutory citation format is used in decisions of the state's own courts and submissions to them, under circumstances where there is little ambiguity about which jurisdiction's statutes are referred to.
Connecticut
• Conn. Gen. Stat. § 42a-1-101 ({currency information}).
• Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 42a-1-101 (West {currency information}).*
• General Statutes § 42a-1-101.**
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - West in the second example. Both also call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide
would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated.
** Within Connecticut, this statutory citation format, with no explicit indication of jurisdiction and no currency information, but spelling out the name of the code in full, is used in decisions of the state's own courts and submissions to them, under circumstances where there is little ambiguity about which jurisdiction's statutes and which version are referred to.
Delaware
• Del. Code tit. 6, § 1-101 ({currency information}).*
• Del. Code Ann. tit. 6, § 1-101 ({currency information}).*
• 6 Del. C. § 1-101.**
* The ALWD Citation Manual identifies the publisher even when its version is "official" being produced under contract with the state (LexisNexis in this case); The Bluebook does not. Both call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated.
** Within Delaware this more economical statutory citation format is used in decisions of the state's own courts and submissions to them, under circumstances where there is little ambiguity about which jurisdiction's statutes and which version are referred to. See Del. Code Ann. tit. 1, 101(b) (2009).
District of Columbia
• D.C. Code § 28:1-101 ({currency information}).*
• D.C. Code Ann. § 28:1-101 (LexisNexis {currency information}).*
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - LexisNexis in the second example. In jurisdictions where there are multiple print editions, the ALWD Citation Manual identifies all publishers even the one whose version is "official" being produced under contract with the state (West in this case). Both also call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated.
Florida
• Fla. Stat. § 671.1-101 ({currency information}).
• Fla. Stat. Ann. § 671.1-101 (LexisNexis {currency information}).*
• Fla. Stat. Ann. § 671.1-101 (West {currency information}).*
• § 671.1-101, Fla. Stat. ({currency information}).**
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - LexisNexis in the second example, West in the third. Both also call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated.
** Within Florida, this altered citation order is used in decisions of the state's own courts and submissions to them.
Georgia
• Ga. Code Ann. § 11-1-101 ({currency information}).*
• Ga. Code Ann. § 11-1-101 (West {currency information}).*
• O.C.G.A. § 11-1-101.**
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - West in the second example. Both also call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide
would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated.
** Within Georgia, this more economical statutory citation format is used in decisions of the state's own courts and submissions to them, under circumstances where there is little ambiguity about which jurisdiction's statutes and which version are referred to. See Ga. Code Ann. § 1-1-8(e) (2009).
Hawaii
• Haw. Rev. Stat. § 490:1-101 ({currency information}).
• Haw. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 490:1-101 (LexisNexis {currency information}).*
• HRS § 490:1-101 ({currency information}).**
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - LexisNexis in the second example. Both also call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated.
** Within Hawaii, this more economical statutory citation format is used in decisions of the state's own courts and submissions to them, typically after a first statutory reference using a less abbreviated form.
Idaho
• Idaho Code Ann. § 28-1-101 ({currency information}).*
• I.C. § 28-1-101.**
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state. In jurisdictions where there are multiple print editions, the ALWD Citation Manual
identifies all publishers even the one whose version is "official" being produced under contract with the state (LexisNexis in this case). Both also call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated.
** Within Idaho, this more economical statutory citation format, without currency
information, is used in decisions of the state's own courts and submissions to them, under circumstances where there is little ambiguity about which jurisdiction's statutes and which version are referred to.
Illinois
• 810 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 5/1-101 ({currency information}).
• 810 Ill. Comp. Stat. Ann. § 5/1-101 (LexisNexis {currency information}).*
• 810 Ill. Comp. Stat. Ann. § 5/1-101 (West {currency information}).*
• 810 ILCS 5/1-101 ({currency information}).**
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - LexisNexis in the second example, West in the third. Both also call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated.
** Within Illinois, this more economical statutory citation format is used in decisions of the state's own courts and submissions to them, under circumstances where there is little ambiguity about which jurisdiction's statutes are referred to.
Indiana
• Ind. Code § 26-1-1-101 ({currency information}).
• Ind. Code Ann. § 26-1-1-101 (LexisNexis {currency information}).*
• Ind. Code Ann. § 26-1-1-101 (West {currency information}).*
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - LexisNexis in the second example, West in the third. Both also call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated.
Iowa
• Iowa Code § 554.1101 ({currency information}).
• Iowa Code Ann. § 554.1101 (West {currency information}).*
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - West in the second example. Both also call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide
would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated.
Kansas
• an. Stat. Ann. § 84-1-101 ({currency information}).
• Kan. Stat. Ann. § 84-1-101 (West {currency information}).*
• K.S.A. § 84-1-101.**
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - West in the second example. Both also call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide
would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated.
** Within Kansas, this more economical statutory citation format, without currency
information, is used in decisions of the state's own courts and submissions to them, under circumstances where there is little ambiguity about which jurisdiction's statutes and which version are referred to.
Kentucky
• Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 355.1-101 (LexisNexis {currency information}).*
• Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 355.1-101 (West {currency information}).*
• KRS § 355.1-101.**
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - LexisNexis in the first example, West in the second. Both also call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated.
** Within Kentucky, this more economical statutory citation format, without currency information, is used in decisions of the state's own courts and submissions to them, under circumstances where there is little ambiguity about which jurisdiction's statutes and which version are referred to.
Louisiana
• La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 10:1-101 ({currency information}).*
• La. Code Civ. Proc. Ann. § 10:1-101 ({currency information}).*
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide would not indicate whether the version used was annotated.
Where this example has the abbreviation for "Code of Civil Procedure" citations to Lousiana's other subject matter codes should substitute their abbreviations - e.g., "Civ. Code" for "Civil Code" or "Code Crim. Proc." for "Code of Criminal Procedure."
Maine
• Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 11, § 1-101 ({currency information}).*
• 11 M.R.S.A. §1-101 ({currency information}).**
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide would not indicate whether the version used was annotated.
** Within Maine, this more economical statutory citation format is used in decisions of the state's own courts and submissions to them, under circumstances where there is little ambiguity about which jurisdiction's statutes are referred to.
Maryland
• Md. Code, Com. Law § 1-101 ({currency information}).
• Md. Code Ann., Com. Law § 1-101 (LexisNexis {currency information}).*
• Md. Code Ann., Com. Law § 1-101 (West {currency information}).*
• Md. Code ({currency information}), Commercial Law Art., § 1-101.**
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - LexisNexis in the second example, West in the third. Both also call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated.
Where this example has the abbreviation for "Commercial Law" citations to Maryland's other subject matter divisions should substitute their abbreviations - e.g., "Crim. Law" for "Criminal Law" or "Ins." for "Insurance."
** Within Maryland, this altered citation format is used in decisions of the state's own courts and submissions to them.
Massachusetts
• Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 106, § 1-101 ({currency information}).
• Mass. Ann. Laws ch. 106, § 1-101 (LexisNexis {currency information}).*
• Mass. Gen. Laws Ann. ch. 106, § 1-101 (West {currency information}).*
• G. L. c. 106, § 1-101.**
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - LexisNexis in the second example, West in the third. Both also call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated.
** Within Massachusetts, this more economical statutory citation format, with no explicit indication of jurisdiction and no currency information, is used in decisions of the state's own courts and submissions to them, under circumstances where there is little ambiguity about which jurisdiction's statutes and which version are referred to.
Michigan
• Mich. Comp. Laws § 440.1101 ({currency information}).
• Mich. Stat. Ann. § 19.1101 (LexisNexis {currency information}).*
• Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 440.1101 (West {currency information}).*
• MCL 440.1101.**
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - LexisNexis in the second example, West in the third. Both also call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide would not include the publisher in any case nor would it indicate whether the version used was annotated.
** Within Michigan, this more economical statutory citation format set out in court rules is used in decisions of the state's own courts and submissions to them. For those rules, see § 7-500.
Minnesota
• Minn. Stat. § 336.1-101 ({currency information}).
• Minn. Stat. Ann. § 336.1-101 (West {currency information}).*
* Both The Bluebook and ALWD Citation Manual call for identification of the publisher or brand of any commercial compilation used, not prepared under direct supervision of the state - West in the second example. Both also call for adding the designation "Ann." when the compilation's name includes the word "annotated." The AALL Universal Citation Guide