church maintains the Christian tradition of church holidays (Christmas, Easter etc.) . . . 17 How important do you consider the following reasons to be for belonging to the church? The church maintains the hope of life after death . . . 13 How important do you consider the following reasons to be for belonging to the church? The church organises activities for children and young people . . . 13 How important do you consider the following reasons to be for belonging to the church? The church publicly defends the poor and the marginalised . . . 17 How important do you consider the following reasons to be for belonging to the church? The church strengthens my faith in God . . . 12 How important do you consider the following reasons to be for belonging to the church? The church teaches Christian love for one’s neighbour . . . 14 How important do you consider the following reasons to be for belonging to the church? The church teaches the right values to children and young people . . . 14 How important do you consider the following reasons to be for belonging to the church? The church upholds traditional Christian moral standards . . . 11 How important do you consider the following reasons to be for belonging to the church? The faith taught by the church is important to me . . . 8 How many members of the following groups do you personally know? Atheists . . . 88 How many members of the following groups do you personally know? Finns who do not belong to a church . . . 87 How many members of the following groups do you personally know? Immigrants . . . 87 How many members of the following groups do you personally know? Members of a Christian minority church (e.g. Orthodoxism, Pentecostalism) . . . 86 How many members of the following groups do you personally know? Members of an Evan-gelical Lutheran parish . . . 88 How many members of the following groups do you personally know? Members of other reli-gious communities . . . 86 How many members of the following groups do you personally know? Muslims . . . 86 How often do you take part in or attend: A church ceremony (baptism, wedding, funeral) . . 27 How often do you take part in or attend: Church concerts or other religious musical events . 27 How often do you take part in or attend: Other parish activities . . . 28 How often do you take part in or attend: Voluntary work for the parish . . . 27 How often do you take part in or attend: Worship services . . . 26
How would you want to be buried after cremation? I want my ashes to be scattered in a memorial
grove (where many remains are scattered in the same place) . . . 114
How would you want to be buried after cremation? I want my ashes to be scattered in the ocean 115 How would you want to be buried after cremation? It does not matter to me where my ashes are kept . . . 116
How would you want to be buried? I hope that my loved ones visit my grave . . . 114
How would you want to be buried? I want a permanent burial site and gravestone . . . 112
How would you want to be buried? I want a traditional Christian funeral service . . . 113
How would you want to be buried? I want my favourite music to be played at my funeral . 113 How would you want to be buried? I want to be cremated . . . 112
How would you want to be buried? It does not matter to me how I’m buried . . . 114
(IF DOES NOT BELONG TO THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH) Have you re-signed from the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland at some point? . . . 18
If you accept the ordination of women, what is your attitude towards those who oppose female ministers? . . . 45
If you could freely choose the most important area of life for yourself, would you choose: 128 If you do not accept the ordination of women, what is your attitude towards events where there is a female minister present? . . . 46
If you have or will have children in the future: Did/will you teach them an evening prayer? . 75 In 2017, amendments to the Marriage Act will take effect in Finland, removing references to the gender of the spouses. In your opinion, how should the church act afterwards? Same-sex marriages should receive a church blessing . . . 48
In 2017, amendments to the Marriage Act will take effect in Finland, removing references to the gender of the spouses. In your opinion, how should the church act afterwards? The church should also officiate same-sex marriages . . . 47
In 2017, amendments to the Marriage Act will take effect in Finland, removing references to the gender of the spouses. In your opinion, how should the church act afterwards? The church should only officiate opposite-sex marriages . . . 46
In 2017, amendments to the Marriage Act will take effect in Finland, removing references to the gender of the spouses. In your opinion, how should the church act afterwards? The church should renounce its right to officiate marriages . . . 47
In the past 12 months, have you donated money or strived to advance the common good in some of the following ways? I am a regular donor for a charity organisation (e.g. I pay a certain sum to an organisation each month) . . . 134
3.2. Variables in alphabetical order
In the past 12 months, have you donated money or strived to advance the common good in some of the following ways? I participated in an annual fundraising (e.g. Common Responsibility
Campaign, Hunger Day) . . . 135
In the past 12 months, have you donated money or strived to advance the common good in some of the following ways? I shared information on aid activities or campaigns . . . 136
In the past 12 months, have you donated money or strived to advance the common good in some of the following ways? I signed a petition/address to advance the common good . . . 136
The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland has ordained women as priests since 1988. What do you think about the ordination of women? . . . 45
The following statements concern the status and visibility of religious communities in society. Do you agree or disagree? All religious and spiritual communities should be equal in the eyes of the law . . . 54
The following statements concern the status and visibility of religious communities in society. Do you agree or disagree? Epiphany and Ascension Day should not be national public holidays 56 The following statements concern the status and visibility of religious communities in society. Do you agree or disagree? It is acceptable for public officials (e.g. judges, the police, teachers) to bring religion into the workplace . . . 60
The following statements concern the status and visibility of religious communities in society. Do you agree or disagree? National public holidays and celebrations based on the liturgical calendar should be abolished . . . 55
The following statements concern the status and visibility of religious communities in society. Do you agree or disagree? No restrictions should be placed on mosques broadcasting the call to prayer . . . 59
The following statements concern the status and visibility of religious communities in society. Do you agree or disagree? No restrictions should be placed on the ringing of church bells . . 59 The following statements concern the status and visibility of religious communities in society.
The following statements concern the status and visibility of religious communities in society.
Do you agree or disagree? The state can treat the communities differently based on the amount
of members and societal duties . . . 54
The following statements concern the status and visibility of religious communities in soci-ety. Do you agree or disagree? The state should financially support the activities of religious communities . . . 57
The following statements concern the status and visibility of religious communities in society. Do you agree or disagree? The state should give special support for the preservation of Lutheran tradition . . . 55
The following statements concern the status and visibility of religious communities in society. Do you agree or disagree? The state should intervene when there are cases of misconduct within religious communities . . . 58
The following statements concern the status and visibility of religious communities in society. Do you agree or disagree? The state should invite religious communities to participate in post-crisis management cooperation . . . 60
The following statements concern the status and visibility of religious communities in society. Do you agree or disagree? The state should provide protection if a religious community faces a security threat . . . 58
The parish of a member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church is determined by their place of residence. In your opinion, should members of the church be able to choose their own parish regardless of their place of residence? . . . 25
The respondent’s economic activity and occupational status . . . 145
The respondent’s education . . . 144
The respondent’s gender . . . 142
The respondent’s household composition . . . 145
The respondent’s household size . . . 148
The respondent’s major region of residence (NUTS2) . . . 143
The respondent’s municipality of residence . . . 144
The respondent’s region of residence (NUTS3) . . . 143
The respondent’s type of accommodation . . . 149
The respondent’s year of birth . . . 142
The total gross annual income of the respondent’s household . . . 148
To what extent did the following have an impact on your decision to resign from the church: Another religious community matches my thinking better . . . 20 To what extent did the following have an impact on your decision to resign from the church: I
3.2. Variables in alphabetical order
do not believe in God . . . 24 To what extent did the following have an impact on your decision to resign from the church: I do not want to pay the church tax . . . 21 To what extent did the following have an impact on your decision to resign from the church: I moved to another municipality . . . 21 To what extent did the following have an impact on your decision to resign from the church: I resigned along with my parents . . . 22 To what extent did the following have an impact on your decision to resign from the church: I resigned on the spur of the moment . . . 24 To what extent did the following have an impact on your decision to resign from the church: I was disillusioned with the activities of the Evangelical Lutheran parish . . . 20 To what extent did the following have an impact on your decision to resign from the church:
The church does not matter to me as an institution . . . 19 To what extent did the following have an impact on your decision to resign from the church:
The church is too intolerant of sexual minorities . . . 23 To what extent did the following have an impact on your decision to resign from the church:
The church is too tolerant of sexual minorities . . . 23 To what extent do you agree or disagree: A person does not possess anything they have not received as a gift . . . 100 To what extent do you agree or disagree: Actions have nothing to do with salvation . . . 103 To what extent do you agree or disagree: All being is part of the spiritual and divine reality that exists everywhere . . . 106 To what extent do you agree or disagree: Alternative therapies and methods for self-improvement can help us restore ourselves as humans . . . 105 To what extent do you agree or disagree: An individual is responsible for their actions only to themselves . . . 107 To what extent do you agree or disagree: By using their common sense, each person knows what is right and what is wrong . . . 99 To what extent do you agree or disagree: Divine grace guides a person’s attention from their own inadequacy to serving other people . . . 96 To what extent do you agree or disagree: Each person has some good and some evil in them 100 To what extent do you agree or disagree: Every child has the right to receive teaching on their own religion in school . . . 102 To what extent do you agree or disagree: Every person should find their own way by trusting their inner self, even if that means being rejected by society . . . 106
To what extent do you agree or disagree: Giving up a materialistic lifestyle will change the financial and social constructs of society . . . 107 To what extent do you agree or disagree: God takes care of us in the form of a suitable spouse, reliable neighbours and good friends . . . 98 To what extent do you agree or disagree: Humanity is moving on to a new era defined by love, selflessness and creativity . . . 105 To what extent do you agree or disagree: I will rather be Finnish than any other nationality . 89 To what extent do you agree or disagree: Invisible worlds or creatures that have an impact on our world exist . . . 103 To what extent do you agree or disagree: It is a privilege to be a Finn . . . 89 To what extent do you agree or disagree: It is everyone’s responsibility to work . . . 99 To what extent do you agree or disagree: It is impossible to become completely Finnish if one does not adopt Finnish customs and traditions . . . 91 To what extent do you agree or disagree: It is OK that some groups of people have more oppor-tunities in life than others . . . 93 To what extent do you agree or disagree: It is probably a good thing that some groups of people are at the top of society and others at the bottom . . . 94 To what extent do you agree or disagree: No single group of people should be in control of society . . . 92 To what extent do you agree or disagree: Parents should take care of their children’s religious upbringing . . . 102 To what extent do you agree or disagree: People are fulfilling their calling by working . . . 98 To what extent do you agree or disagree: People should always support their own country even if it was in the wrong . . . 90 To what extent do you agree or disagree: Psychics or spirit mediums can give us information on the invisible world . . . 104 To what extent do you agree or disagree: Rocks and crystals have healing energy . . . 104 To what extent do you agree or disagree: Some groups of people are simply inferior to others 91
To what extent do you agree or disagree: Sometimes other groups of people need to be kept in the position where they belong . . . 94 To what extent do you agree or disagree: The church should not intervene in societal affairs 100 To what extent do you agree or disagree: The laws of the state should be followed, regardless of whether they are good or bad . . . 101 To what extent do you agree or disagree: The tradition of singing hymns should be preserved
3.2. Variables in alphabetical order
use force against other groups of people . . . 92 To what extent do you agree or disagree: We should do what we can so that all groups of people would have equal living conditions . . . 95 To what extent do you agree or disagree: We should strive to have income equality as far as possible . . . 93 To what extent do you agree or disagree: We would have much fewer problems if we treated people more equally . . . 95 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should: Aim to be more influential in society . . . 44 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should: Be bolder to reform its teaching to reflect modern knowledge . . . 39 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should: Be more active in providing visibility and information on its services on the Internet . . . 42 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should: Be more active in spreading the message of Christianity in Finland . . . 40 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should: Be more active than currently in discussions of life values . . . 37 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should: Be more active than currently in speaking on behalf of the disadvantaged in public discussion . 34 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should: Be more open to charismatic phenomena (healing, prophecy) . . . 40 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should: Be more open toward spiritual seeking . . . 41 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should: Be more tolerant than currently of sexual minorities . . . 39 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should:
Direct its services only to those who pay church tax . . . 44 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should:
Discuss societal problems more frankly than currently . . . 33 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should:
Enhance its economic and administrative activities . . . 43 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should:
Focus more than currently on helping the disadvantaged . . . 33 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should:
Focus more than currently on its spiritual objectives . . . 32
Help the poor in third world countries more actively than currently . . . 38 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should:
Increase cooperation with other churches . . . 36 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should:
Increase cooperation with other religious communities . . . 36 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should:
Offer more opportunities to volunteer . . . 41 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should:
Stick more closely than currently to the teachings of the Bible . . . 37 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should:
Support immigrants more than currently . . . 34 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should:
Support the educational work of schools more actively than currently . . . 38 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should:
Take a stronger stance in supporting the welfare of families . . . 35 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should: Talk more boldly about God . . . 42 To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements relating to family: Family has a sense of calling for me . . . 122 To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements relating to family: Family in-creases quality of life . . . 123 To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements relating to family: Family is my life’s purpose that I’m devoting myself to . . . 123 To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements relating to family: Family simply is an integral part of everyone’s life . . . 120 To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements relating to family: I can be who I really am when I’m with my family . . . 121 To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements relating to family: I can fulfill myself in my family . . . 121 To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements relating to family: It is important to me that I can help and serve my family members . . . 122 To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements relating to family: Starting a family is a civic duty . . . 124 To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements relating to hobbies: Everyone
Take a stronger stance in supporting the welfare of families . . . 35 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The church should: Talk more boldly about God . . . 42 To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements relating to family: Family has a sense of calling for me . . . 122 To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements relating to family: Family in-creases quality of life . . . 123 To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements relating to family: Family is my life’s purpose that I’m devoting myself to . . . 123 To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements relating to family: Family simply is an integral part of everyone’s life . . . 120 To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements relating to family: I can be who I really am when I’m with my family . . . 121 To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements relating to family: I can fulfill myself in my family . . . 121 To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements relating to family: It is important to me that I can help and serve my family members . . . 122 To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements relating to family: Starting a family is a civic duty . . . 124 To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements relating to hobbies: Everyone