Wall Parameters

This is the section where you can set the wall design and detailing parameters. Click on Design Parameters command > Wall folder brings up the Wall Parameters form. In this form, you can select the following options:

Basic Design Parameters

· Minimum diameter (mm): Select the minimum reinforcement diameter allowable from the pull down list.

The list is derived from Project Design Parameters command > Steel Reinforcement Diameters.

· Maximum diameter (mm): Select the maximum reinforcement diameter allowable from the pull down list.

The list is derived from Project Design Parameters command > Steel Reinforcement Diameters.

· Reinforcement bar (N/mm²): Select the steel characteristic strength for the reinforcement of the wall. The pull down list

is defined from Project Design Parameters command >

Characteristic Strength.

· Minimum centre to centre spacing (mm): Select the minimum allowable centre to centre spacing between two reinforcement bars.

· Maximum centre to centre spacing (mm): Select the maximum allowable centre to centre spacing between two reinforcement bars.

Stirrup Selection

· Minimum diameter (mm): Select the minimum reinforcement diameter allowable from the pull down list.

The list is generated based on the Project Design Parameters command > Steel Reinforcement Diameters.

· Maximum diameter (mm): Select the maximum reinforcement diameter allowable from the pull down list.

The list is generated based on the Project Design Parameters command > Steel Reinforcement Diameters.

· Reinforcement bar (N/mm²): Select the steel characteristic strength for the reinforcement of the wall. The pull down list is defined from Project Design Parameters command >

Characteristic Strength.

· Minimum stirrup diameter: This option allows you to select the minimum stirrup diameter for the minimum column dimension.

· For minimum column dimension: The selection of minimum stirrup diameter is based on the minimum column dimension specified here.

Wall Properties

6-82

· Concrete characteristic strength (N/mm²): Allows you to specify the concrete grade of the wall.

· Steel percentage of reinforcement bar (%): Set this figure for the minimum reinforcement provided in the wall section.

This figure varies depending on the code of practice adopted.

By default the steel percentage of reinforcement bar is set to 0.4%.

· Concrete cover to longitudinal bar (mm): Specifies this figure to provide the design depth of concrete cover to longitudinal bar. By default this value is set to 35mm.

· Load allowance (%): Allows you to provide additional loading on top of the reaction loads from the analysis. This value will be multiply to the loads from the wall reaction.

The program default value is set at 10 percent. Set the value to zero if you do not want any load allowance.

· Finishes (kN/m²): This option allows you to specify the finishes (dead load) applicable to the RC wall. By default, the value is set at 1.2kN/m².

Bracing for structure

· Automatic check based on 3D analysis: Checking this option allows the program automatically determines the bracing conditions. Checking on unbraced condition assumes all walls are unbraced.

Default BRC setting

· BRC wall: Checking this option automatically provides BRC square mesh reinforcement to wall. The program changes to conventional reinforcement if sizes available do not satisfy the required reinforcement.

· BRCB: Checking this option adopts BRC rectangular mesh reinforcement for the slab design.

Default rebars setting

· Single Layer: Checking this option provides single layer reinforcements to wall.

Plain wall option

· Plain Wall Design: Setting this option allows the ultimate axial force to be calculated based on the beams and slabs as simply supported on the wall.

· Minimum Steel (%): You can set the minimum percentage of reinforcement for plain wall.

Figure 6.12: Wall Parameters form

6-84 6.2.3 Pad Footing Parameters

This is the section where you can set the pad footing design and detailing parameters. Click on Design Parameters command > Pad folder brings up the Pad Footing Parameter form. In this form, you can select the following options:

Basic Design Parameters

· Minimum diameter (mm): Select the minimum reinforcement diameter allowable from the pull down list.

The list is derived from Project Design Parameters command > Steel Reinforcement Diameters.

· Maximum diameter (mm): Select the maximum reinforcement diameter allowable from the pull down list.

The list is derived from Project Design Parameters command > Steel Reinforcement Diameters.

· Reinforcement bar (N/mm²): Select the steel characteristic strength for the reinforcement of the pad footings. The pull down list is defined from Project Design Parameters command > Characteristic Strength.

· Minimum centre to centre spacing (mm): Select the minimum allowable centre to centre spacing between two reinforcement bars.

· Maximum centre to centre spacing (mm): Select the maximum allowable centre to centre spacing between two reinforcement bars.

Concrete Properties

· Concrete characteristic strength (N/mm²): Allows you to specify the concrete grade of the pad footings.

· Steel percentage of reinforcement bar (%): Set this figure for the minimum reinforcement provided in the pad footing.

This figure varies depending on the code of practice adopted.

By default the steel percentage of reinforcement bar is set to 0.3%.

· Concrete cover to longitudinal bar (mm): Specifies this figure to provide the design depth of concrete cover to longitudinal bar. By default this value is set to 50mm.

· Load allowance (%): Allows you to provide additional loading on top of the reaction loads from the analysis. This value will be multiply to the loads from the column reaction.

The program default value is set at 10 percent. Set the value to zero if you do not want any load allowance. The pad footing design will be based on the final load (with additional load allowance).

For example, you have a pad footing with column reaction dead load (G) and live load (Q) of 100kN and 50kN respectively. You have set 15% load allowance. For load combination of 1.4G + 1.6Q,

Ultimate load = 1.4 x 100 + 1.6 x 50

= 220kN

Load allowance = 15%

Final ultimate load with load allowance = 220 x 1.15

= 253kN

· Soil bearing pressure (kN/m²): Specifies the capacity of the soil used to determine the footing size.

6-86

· Minimum thickness of footing (mm): This option allows you to specify the footing minimum thickness. Footing with lesser value than this value will automatically set to the minimum thickness.

Supposedly you have set minimum footing thickness to 300mm. The program designs a pad footing that only requires 200mm thick. With the minimum footing thickness set at 300mm, the pad footing adopts 300mm thick instead.

· Incremental dimension figures for footing dimension (mm): This option allows you to specify the dimension increments for the next footing size. Footings are automatically grouped to similar sizes based on the load capacity. Smaller dimension increments increase the number of pad footing type.

For example you have 5 pad footings with 1000 x 1000, 1200 x 1200, 1250 x 1250, 1050 x 1050 and 1400 x 1400 respectively. If you set the incremental dimension to 100mm, the program will sort into 3 types of footing sizes. The 3 types of footing sizes are 1050 x 1050, 1250 x 1250 and 1400 x 1400. Any footing sizes within 100mm increment are grouped into the same type of footing.

Figure 6.13: Pad Footing Parameters form

6-88 6.2.4 Pile Parameters

This is the section where you can set the pile footing design and detailing parameters. Click on Design Parameters command > Pile folder brings up the Pile Footing Parameter form. In this form, you can select the following options:

Automatic main bar selection and spacing

· Minimum diameter (mm): Select the minimum reinforcement diameter allowable from the pull down list.

The list is derived from Project Design Parameters command > Steel Reinforcement Diameters.

· Maximum diameter (mm): Select the maximum reinforcement diameter allowable from the pull down list.

The list is derived from Project Design Parameters command > Steel Reinforcement Diameters.

· Reinforcement bar (N/mm²): Select the steel characteristic strength for the reinforcement of the pile footing. The pull down list is defined from Project Design Parameters command > Characteristic Strength.

· Minimum centre to centre spacing (mm): Select the minimum allowable centre to centre spacing between two reinforcement bars.

· Maximum centre to centre spacing (mm): Select the maximum allowable centre to centre spacing between two reinforcement bars.

Concrete Properties

· Concrete characteristic strength (N/mm²): Allows you to specify the concrete grade of the pile footing.

· Steel percentage of reinforcement bar (%): Set this figure for the minimum reinforcement provided in the pile footing.

This figure varies depending on the code of practice adopted.

By default the steel percentage of reinforcement bar is set to 0.3%.

· Concrete cover to longitudinal bar (mm): Specifies this figure to provide the design depth of concrete cover to longitudinal bar. By default this value is set to 50mm.

· Load allowance (%): Allows you to provide additional loading on top of the reaction loads from the analysis. This value will be multiply to the loads from the column reaction.

The program default value is set at 10 percent. Set the value to zero if you do not want any load allowance.

For example, you have a column reaction dead load (G) and live load (Q) of 100kN and 50kN respectively. You have set 15% load allowance. For load combination of 1.4G + 1.6Q,

Ultimate load = 1.4 x 100 + 1.6 x 50

= 220 kN

Load allowance = 15%

Final ultimate load with load allowance = 220 x 1.15

= 253kN

Pile Properties

· Pile type: This option allows you to select either square or circular pile.

6-90

· Pile size (mm): Specify the pile sizes to be adopted in the design.

· Pile capacity (tonnes): Specify the maximum capacity of the pile

· Centre to centre spacing: Specify the distance between two piles centre point

· Pile penetration to pile cap (mm): This option allows you to specify the distance from the soffit of the pile cap to the end point of the pile.

· Pile edge to pile cap edge (mm): The distance from the pile cap edge to the pile edge.

· Minimum thickness of footing (mm): This option allows you to specify the footing minimum thickness. Footing with lesser value than this value will automatically set to the minimum thickness.

· Detailing of pilecap top rebar: Checking this option provides reinforcement for the top side of the pilecap.

· Incremental dimension figures for footing dimension (mm): This option allows you to specify the dimension increments for the next footing size. Footings are automatically grouped to similar sizes based on the load capacity. Smaller dimension increments increase the number of pile footing type.

Figure 6.14: Pilecap layout

Figure 6.15: Pile Footing Design Parameter

6-92 6.3 Plan Design and Detailing Parameters