Statistics in Focus Farm structure in Spain – 2005 2007 24

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Statistics

in focus

AGRICULTURE AND

FISHERIES

24/2007

Agriculture

Authors

György BENOIST

Pol MARQUER

[image:1.595.4.198.2.488.2]

C o n t e n t s

Table 1 – Labour force by size

of the farms………3

Table 2 – Agricultural holdings

by size……….4

Table 3 – Land use by size of

the farms………5

[image:1.595.216.569.474.707.2]

Table 4 – Livestock by size of

the farms………6

Table 5 – Subsistence farming.7

Fa r m s t r u c t u r e i n Sp a i n – 2 0 0 5

Every fifth holding is specialised in olive

production

This Statistics in Focus is part of a series of country-specific publications on

the results of the Farm Structure Survey (FSS) 2005. It provides a brief but

nevertheless comprehensive insight into the farm structure in Spain. A similar

publication was issued in March 2005 presenting the results of the FSS 2003

in Spain.

* * *

At the end of 2005 in Spain, about 959 thousand* agricultural holdings had

an economic size of at least 1 European Size Unit (ESU).

- These holdings employed 949.2 thousand AWUs (annual work units), the

equivalent of 949.2 thousand persons working full time;

- they made use of about 23.7 million ha of agricultural area, which is on

average 24.8 ha per holding (compared to 23.2 ha in 2003).

Among these 959 thousand agricultural holdings

- 62% made use of less than one AWU, while 11% made use of 2 or more

AWUs;

- 49% used less than 5 ha agricultural area, while 5% used 100 ha or more;

- 20% were holdings of the type specialist olives, 18% specialist fruit and

citrus fruit, 12% specialist cereals, oil seed and protein crops, 8%

specialist vineyard and 7% were engaged in mixed cropping;

- 77% of their agricultural area was situated in less favoured or mountain

areas;

- 2% were organic farms;

- 6% benefited from direct investment aid.

Among the 912 thousand

sole holders

- 28% were women;

- 58% were aged 55 or more, and only 6% were younger than 35 years;

- 27% had another gainful activity as their major occupation.

Distribution of utilised agricultural area according to the size of the

holdings

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

< 10 10 - < 20 20- < 30 30 - < 50 50 - < 100 100=< size in ha 1000 ha

2003 2005

(

#

Manuscript completed on: 22.02.2007 Data extracted on: 16.01.2007 ISSN 1977-0316

Catalogue number: KS-SF-07-024-EN-N © European Communities, 2007

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Spain 2005 – Holdings of at least 1 ESU

Non Family labour force 339940 AWUs

Agricultural labour force

Family labour force 1796390 persons of which 33% women

609290 AWUs

Working full time 208250 persons

Working part time 630120 persons

Not working on farm 73450 persons

Working part time 71380 persons Working full time

37640 persons

Other family members 539820 persons of which 25% women 114930 AWUs

… regular

194830 persons of which 16% women 156020 AWUs

Holders

911820 persons of which 28% women 384290 AWUs

Spouses of the sole holders 344740 persons of which 59% women 110070 AWUs

… non regular 183920 AWUs

60

1000 persons

>= 65

55 - 64

45 - 54

35 - 44

< 35

1000 persons

men women

Family labour force

Age (years)

120 60

180 240

300 120 180 240

holders spouses other family members

Tractor use by utilised agricultural area categories

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

< 5 5 - < 20 20 - < 50 >= 50 ha

no tracto r

no t-o wned

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———————————————————————— 24/2007 — Agriculture and fisheries — St a t i s t i c s i n f o c u s 3

#"

Spain – 2005

Table 1 – Labour force by size of the farms

Agricultural area (ha) Livestock (LU*)

Size of the farms

< 5 5 - < 20 20 -< 50 50 =<

All

farms ₀ _{0 <- < 50 50 -< 100} _{100 =<}

Total labour force

1000 annual work units 305.3 266.1 147.8 230.1 949.2 552.3 272.1 47.9 76.9

Family labour force

1000 persons 915.3 551.0 194.3 135.8 1796.4 1259.1 458.8 44.0 34.5

Non-family labour regularly employed

1000 persons 41.7 34.7 32.8 85.6 194.8 115.0 18.4 14.5 46.9

Non regular non family labour force

Holding managers (1000) 472.0 281.0 109.4 96.6 959.0 673.8 231.1 26.3 27.8

- women (%) 19.2 19.3 15.0 9.1 17.7 14.7 28.1 12.3 9.1

- part-time - under 50 % (%) 70.9 57.0 40.6 27.3 59.0 72.3 31.3 8.7 14.0

- 50 % and over(%) 13.8 15.4 16.4 20.6 15.3 12.5 24.0 13.1 13.9

- with a basic agricult. training only (%) 6.9 9.6 15.9 19.1 9.9 9.6 8.5 19.4 21.2

- with a full agricultural training (%) 0.8 0.7 2.0 4.3 1.2 1.3 0.7 1.7 4.2

Sole/main holders (1000) 462.8 272.5 100.4 76.0 911.8 645.8 225.9 22.4 17.7

- women (%) 29.6 28.7 23.4 15.7 27.5 26.0 33.8 16.1 16.3

- distribution by age (%)

- under 35 years 4.8 5.0 8.0 8.2 5.5 5.4 4.8 13.1 9.0

- from 35 to 44 years 13.5 15.9 17.9 21.5 15.4 14.8 14.9 28.8 25.4

- from 45 to 54 years 19.7 22.0 23.1 23.3 21.1 20.4 21.8 27.5 28.9

- from 55 to 64 years 24.8 25.9 25.9 29.0 25.6 24.9 28.1 22.2 25.3

- 65 years and over 37.2 31.2 25.1 18.0 32.5 34.6 30.4 8.3 11.3

- part-time - under 50 % (%) 72.3 58.7 44.3 34.7 62.0 75.4 32.0 10.1 22.0

- 50 % and over(%) 14.1 15.9 17.9 26.1 16.1 13.0 24.5 15.3 21.8

- with another gainful activity1 (%) 36.1 31.3 21.9 17.6 31.4 37.2 19.6 10.2 15.8

- as main occupation 33.0 26.2 15.7 10.1 27.0 32.8 15.5 4.6 8.0

- as a subsidiary occupation 3.1 5.1 6.2 7.5 4.4 4.4 4.1 5.6 7.7

Spouse of sole holder working on the

holding (1000) 176.0 110.4 35.9 22.4 344.7 217.4 110.8 9.5 7.0

- women (%) 57.5 57.9 61.2 71.7 58.9 60.1 54.2 73.2 74.9

- distribution by age (%)

- under 35 years 4.2 4.1 4.8 5.7 4.3 4.2 3.7 10.4 6.4

- from 35 to 54 years 44.5 47.7 48.1 53.1 46.4 49.0 39.1 61.1 62.1

- 55 years and over 51.4 48.3 47.1 41.2 49.3 46.7 57.2 28.5 31.5

- part-time - under 50 % (%) 80.3 74.8 67.8 69.0 76.5 88.8 56.8 42.6 53.0

- 50 % and over(%) 11.9 12.2 14.2 17.3 12.6 6.9 22.4 19.6 22.2

- with another gainful activity (%) 30.5 30.9 28.4 21.9 29.8 33.8 23.6 17.5 22.8

Other members of the holder’s family

working on the holding (1000) 276.4 168.0 58.0 37.4 539.8 396.0 122.1 12.0 9.8

- women (%) 26.7 26.5 21.3 16.3 25.4 24.4 29.6 18.4 20.7

- part-time - under 50 % (%) 92.1 86.3 78.7 71.4 87.4 92.7 75.3 59.2 58.1

- 50 % and over(%) 4.6 8.3 10.3 12.7 6.9 4.0 14.6 17.9 17.0

- with another gainful activity (%) 62.7 59.3 54.1 48.8 59.8 63.3 52.6 37.5 32.9

Symbols : not available 0 less than half of the unit or nil * LU = Livestock Unit

1

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4 St a t i s t i c s i n f o c u s — Agriculture and fisheries — 24/2007 —————————————————————————

#

Spain – 2005

Table 2 – Agricultural holdings by size

Agricultural area (ha) Livestock (LU)

Size of the farms

< 5 5 - < 20 20 -< 50 50 =<

All

farms ₀ _{0 <- < 50 50 -<100} _{100 =<}

Holdings

- total number (1000) 472.0 281.0 109.4 96.6 959.0 673.8 231.1 26.3 27.8

- by legal personality of the holder (%)

- sole holder 98.1 97.0 91.8 78.7 95.1 95.8 97.7 85.5 63.7

- legal person 1.9 3.0 8.2 21.3 4.9 4.2 2.3 14.5 36.3

- group holders 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

- by employed labour force (%)

- under 1 AWU 75.5 60.3 39.8 26.8 62.0 74.7 37.7 8.3 8.7

- from 1 to less than 2 AWU 18.8 28.7 40.9 42.6 26.6 18.1 46.7 55.4 39.7

- from 2 to less than 3 AWU 4.3 8.3 13.3 14.9 7.6 4.1 13.5 26.7 25.3

- 3 AWU and over 1.4 2.7 6.0 15.6 3.7 3.2 2.1 9.6 26.3

- by economic size (%)

- from 1 to less than 8 ESU 78.0 45.9 19.6 2.8 54.4 57.4 58.1 0.6 0.3

- 100 ESU and over 0.9 1.2 4.3 19.2 3.2 2.1 0.7 4.3 48.5

- by farm type (%)

- specialist olives 25.3 20.1 10.7 5.4 20.1 26.8 5.2 0.2 0.3

- specialist fruit and citrus fruit 29.1 10.9 5.0 2.0 18.3 24.0 6.1 0.1 0.1

- specialist cereals, oil seed and protein

crops 2.7 12.8 25.6 36.5 11.7 14.0 7.5 1.5 0.6

- specialist vineyard 7.1 12.0 7.5 2.4 8.1 10.6 2.7 0.0 0.0

- mixed cropping 5.3 6.5 9.4 10.0 6.6 6.0 9.5 1.1 1.2

- other types of farming 30.4 37.7 41.8 43.8 35.2 18.6 69.1 97.0 97.8

- by farming methods (%)

- organic farming 0.9 1.4 2.3 3.7 1.5 1.6 1.2 2.1 2.4

- irrigating 51.0 43.5 45.7 44.6 47.6 51.6 39.9 27.6 31.5

- with fixed irrigation equipment 56.0 47.0 44.9 40.3 50.5 53.4 45.7 32.6 37.1

- with crops under glass 5.7 1.6 0.8 0.4 3.4 3.9 2.4 0.5 0.4

- benefiting of direct investment aids 2.7 5.7 10.8 14.8 5.7 3.3 8.4 25.9 22.8

- using a tractor (%) 70.5 90.4 95.0 94.6 81.6 81.3 80.5 86.6 91.0

- with their own tractor 32.2 65.6 81.5 84.4 52.9 47.3 63.1 75.6 80.6

- using a combine harvester (%) 5.7 25.2 51.5 64.3 22.6 21.7 22.4 32.6 35.0

- with another gainful activity than agricultural

production (%) 2.2 3.5 4.7 6.0 3.3 2.6 4.8 5.6 5.5

- tourism 0.1 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2

- handicraft 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1

- processing of farm products 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.5 0.9 3.1 2.5 1.6

- wood processing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

- aquaculture 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

- renewable energy production 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3

- contractual work 0.0 0.2 0.9 1.8 0.4 0.3 0.5 1.2 0.9

- other gainful activities n.a.e. 0.5 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.0 1.2 0.6 1.0 1.7

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#"

Spain – 2005

Table 3 – Land use by size of the farms

Size of the farm

< 5 5 - < 20 20 -< 50 50 =< All farms 0 0 <- < 50 50 -<100 100 =<

Area (1000 ha)

Total area of agricultural holdings 1577.2 3648.6 4057.3 21117.7 30400.7 18311.8 5166.6 2204.9 4717.5

Other area 586.3 794.1 668.5 4610.8 6659.7 4399.5 992.4 365.6 902.2

Wooded area 260.0 427.4 381.2 2800.1 3868.7 2497.5 554.0 218.0 599.2

Agricultural area 990.9 2854.4 3388.7 16506.9 23741.0 13912.4 4174.2 1839.3 3815.2

Arable land 198.9 968.1 1839.4 8849.0 11855.4 7790.0 2091.0 734.2 1240.2

Cereals 77.3 543.6 1150.2 5338.7 7109.8 4714.0 1258.6 412.1 725.2

Common wheat and spelt 10.6 94.4 226.7 1012.7 1344.5 873.1 282.9 70.9 117.5

Durum wheat 8.2 64.3 110.0 745.0 927.5 657.2 120.5 48.4 101.5

Rye 1.5 6.2 15.1 98.4 121.2 43.2 35.5 18.3 24.2

Barley 21.0 229.8 560.7 2604.6 3416.0 2446.9 550.7 156.3 262.2

Oats 6.8 46.2 91.8 537.7 682.4 295.9 150.4 85.7 150.3

Grain maize 22.4 72.7 109.3 234.7 439.1 267.2 97.5 26.0 48.4

Dried pulses 7.2 42.1 52.2 390.6 492.0 326.7 91.4 27.9 46.0

Root crops 10.8 22.1 37.3 104.0 174.2 123.4 37.6 5.6 7.6

Potatoes 9.9 10.9 13.2 23.4 57.3 35.0 19.7 1.1 1.4

Sugar beet 0.4 10.1 23.5 77.7 111.7 86.0 16.5 3.2 6.0

Fodder root 0.5 1.1 0.7 2.9 5.2 2.3 1.3 1.3 0.3

Industrial crops 7.5 65.9 104.7 490.4 668.5 533.7 82.7 18.5 33.6

Tobacco 1.5 4.9 2.1 4.4 12.9 9.1 3.2 0.3 0.3

Hops 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Cotton 2.3 21.2 14.6 45.7 83.8 72.9 4.7 1.3 4.9

Rape and turnip 0.0 0.1 1.5 4.3 5.9 4.5 0.5 0.1 0.8

Sunflower 2.5 38.3 84.0 400.9 525.7 416.7 68.4 15.0 25.6

Soya 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.3

Fresh vegetables, melons, strawberry 56.6 57.5 43.7 125.2 283.0 240.7 27.4 5.0 9.9

outside 30.0 47.8 40.5 118.6 236.8 199.1 23.6 4.5 9.7

under glass 26.6 9.7 3.2 6.5 46.1 41.6 3.8 0.5 0.2

Flower and ornamental plants 2.6 1.7 1.0 0.9 6.1 5.4 0.5 0.0 0.2

outside 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.7 3.7 3.4 0.2 0.0 0.2

under glass 1.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 2.4 2.0 0.4 0.0 0.0

Forage plants 18.2 97.8 142.5 384.7 643.2 212.9 177.0 112.9 140.5

Fallow land 18.6 137.2 307.7 2013.3 2476.8 1631.7 415.8 152.3 277.0

Kitchen garden 1.7 1.4 0.5 0.3 3.9 1.5 2.2 0.1 0.1

Permanent pasture and meadows 112.2 589.8 667.5 6293.9 7663.4 2440.6 1707.5 1049.6 2465.7

Permanent crops 678.2 1295.1 881.4 1363.7 4218.3 3680.2 373.6 55.3 109.2

Fruit and berry plantation 147.3 295.7 165.8 195.3 804.2 656.7 109.2 14.2 24.1

Citrus plantation 110.0 72.3 35.3 64.6 282.3 263.0 14.6 0.8 3.9

Olive trees 329.2 596.1 420.7 759.2 2105.2 1823.6 183.4 31.6 66.7

Vineyard 88.9 327.9 257.2 339.4 1013.4 926.7 64.7 8.7 13.3

Ratios

Agricultural area per holding (ha) 2.1 10.2 31.0 171.0 24.8 20.6 18.1 70.0 137.1

Agricultural area… (%)

… own farmed 92.1 82.3 67.8 63.2 67.4 72.3 59.9 52.0 64.9

… in less favoured or mountain area 60.6 71.8 75.2 79.8 77.4 74.0 82.2 84.3 81.1

… organic farmed 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 2.1

… irrigated 32.6 22.1 19.4 10.5 14.1 18.9 8.9 6.1 6.1

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6 St a t i s t i c s i n f o c u s — Agriculture and fisheries — 24/2007 —————————————————————————

#

Spain – 2005

Table 4 – Livestock by size of the farms

Size of the farm

< 5 5 - < 20 20 -< 50 50 =< All farms 0 <- < 50 50 -< 100 100 =<

Total livestock (1000 LU) 4391.5 2861.4 2500.8 4644.1 14397.8 2481.9 1824.1 10091.8

of which grazing (%) 24.6 46.9 50.5 60.3 45.1 89.4 85.6 26.8

Grazing livestock (1000 heads)

Equidae 58.1 62.0 33.9 71.0 225.0 136.5 35.3 53.2

Bovine animals 790.9 1321.1 1259.9 2469.1 5840.8 1885.3 1256.8 2698.8

Under 1 year 347.0 353.9 397.3 743.8 1842.0 526.4 392.0 923.6

From 1 to less than 2 years 90.3 131.5 165.2 306.6 693.6 153.4 147.4 392.8

Dairy cows 103.1 381.8 324.8 192.3 1001.9 409.2 267.0 325.7

Other cows 168.5 322.5 264.5 796.2 1551.7 596.8 298.6 656.2

Other bovine animals 2 years and older 82.0 131.4 108.1 430.2 751.7 199.5 151.7 400.5

Sheep 4106.3 2622.1 3095.6 9802.9 19626.9 5950.4 5791.0 7885.4

Goats 1144.4 480.9 267.2 624.2 2516.7 1461.3 623.7 431.8

Granivores

Pigs (1000 heads) 8230.5 4387.4 3998.6 6141.9 22758.3 876.6 1008.4 20873.3

Piglets < 20 kg 2331.8 1087.1 1030.3 1610.6 6059.8 393.9 547.6 5118.4

Breeding sows 1250.6 562.4 589.6 975.3 3377.8 192.6 193.8 2991.4

Other pigs 4648.1 2737.9 2378.8 3556.0 13320.7 290.2 267.1 12763.5

Poultry (million heads) 100.4 33.5 19.0 21.2 174.1 3.8 8.5 161.7

Broilers 50.6 21.7 14.2 10.5 96.9 1.6 7.5 87.8

Laying hens 39.8 7.7 2.7 9.5 59.8 1.9 0.9 56.9

Other poultry 10.0 4.0 2.0 1.3 17.4 0.3 0.1 17.0

Rabbits, breeding females (1000 heads) 814.4 327.0 83.3 52.7 1277.4 1096.3 106.3 74.7

Beehives* (1000) 463.2 228.5 90.0 48.5 830.3 192.9 10.0 20.3

Average size of herds**

Equidae (head/holding) 2.2 3.3 4.0 7.0 3.6 2.6 6.6 9.5

Cattle (head/holding) 21.1 28.0 58.6 127.8 46.5 19.1 83.7 225.8

Dairy cows (head/holding) 9.0 19.3 40.0 64.2 23.6 12.2 44.8 107.8

Other cows (head/holding) 7.5 11.4 22.2 69.0 21.0 9.8 41.9 105.2

Sheep (head/holding) 133.2 132.8 271.7 556.2 246.6 99.1 495.0 1005.1

Goats (head/holding) 66.3 53.5 66.6 104.4 69.5 51.7 119.6 157.8

Pigs (head/holding) 196.9 121.4 273.9 459.0 214.9 10.6 123.2 1383.3

Breeding sows (head/holding) 98.1 50.2 95.6 111.3 86.9 7.5 40.8 360.7

Other pigs > 20 kg (head/holding) 134.8 91.2 194.4 322.2 151.7 4.3 39.3 941.0

Rabbits, breeding females (head/holding) 41.5 23.9 17.1 18.2 31.1 28.7 56.6 73.2

Laying hens (1000/holding) 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.1 9.1

Broilers (1000/holding) 2.1 1.2 2.0 2.1 1.8 0.0 2.0 20.9

Beehives (hive/holding) 91.1 56.3 55.6 61.4 71.9 21.7 20.4 52.2

Symbols : not available 0 less than half of the unit or nil

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Spain – 2005

Table 5 – Subsistence farming

Absolute figures % of total

Total < 1 ESU >= 1 ESU < 1 ESU >= 1 ESU

Regular labour force (1000 persons) 2185.7 194.5 1991.2 8.9 91.1

Regular labour force (1000 AWU) 807.7 42.4 765.3 5.3 94.7

Holders (1000 persons) 1027.8 116.0 911.8 11.3 88.7

… at least 65 years old 359.4 63.4 296.0 17.6 82.4

… having another gainful activity 274.3 30.9 243.4 11.3 88.7

Number of holdings (1000) 1079.4 120.4 959.0 11.2 88.8

… producing mainly for own consumption 4.0 1.6 2.3 41.5 58.5

… producing mainly for direct sales 2.5 0.2 2.3 8.0 92.0

… using a tractor 847.3 65.2 782.1 7.7 92.3

Standard Gross Margin (SGM) (1000 ESU) 20002.8 64.7 19938.1 0.3 99.7

Agricultural area (1000 ha) 24855.1 1114.1 23741.0 4.5 95.5

… owned farmed 17067.2 1070.2 15997.0 6.3 93.7

Livestock (1000 LU) 14452.4 54.6 14397.8 0.4 99.6

Symbols : not available 0 less than half of the unit or nil

ME T H O D O L O G I C A L N O T E S

"

The survey on the structure of agricultural holdings in Spain was

carried out between 1 October and 31 December 2005 on a sample

basis. The previous full-scale agricultural census had been

conducted in 1999. The reference period of the farm structure

survey 2005 was the production year 2005 which ended on

30 September 2005. However, for livestock the reference date was

the day of the interview.

The target population was all holdings in the last agricultural census,

which exceeded one of the following three thresholds: at least 1 ha

UAA or at least 0.2 ha UAA under vegetables, flowers and

ornamental plants, production under protection or irrigated fruit trees

or nurseries or at least 1 LSU and 0.75 ESU. A stratified simple

random sample was drawn. The stratification was made separately

for each autonomous community (NUTS 2) based on type of farming

and size of the holding (5 size-classes determined by using

economic size, LSU, UAA, AWU, total area). In the strata, optimum

allocation was applied. Certain holdings were included in an

exhaustive stratum created with the use of the sigma-gap rule to

each key variable in each region. The total size of the sample was

about 55.000.

#"

For each activity (`enterprise`) on a farm (for instance wheat, dairy

cow or vineyard), a standard gross margin (SGM) is estimated,

based on the area (or the number of heads) and a regional

coefficient. The sum of such margins in a farm is its economic size,

expressed in European Size Units (ESU). 1 ESU is equal to 1200

euros.

Each farm is classified in the community typology by its economic

size and its type of farming, depending on the share of each

enterprise in its economic size. For instance, a farm where breeding

sows account for more than 2/3 of the economic size, is classified as

specialist pig rearing

(type 5011). Depending on the level of

aggregation, farms are grouped into 8 to 70 types.

Annual work unit (AWU) is equivalent to a worker employed on a

full time basis for one year. In Spain it is 1824 hours (228 working

days of 8 working hours per day).

Livestock Unit (LU) is equivalent to a dairy cow. The number of

animals (number of heads) is converted into LU using a set of

coefficients reflecting the feed requirements of the different animal

categories.

Subsistence farming refers here to all farms below 1 ESU

economic size. Note that the number of farms cannot be compared

between countries due to the differences in coverage of FSS.

R E F E R E N C E P U B L I C A T I O N S

Metodología

. Año 2003, Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Madrid,

2005

Encuesta sobre la estructure de las explotaciones agrícolas 2005,

Notas de prensa, Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Madrid,

February 2005

Results:

INEBASE/agricultura/encuesta sobre la estructura de las

explotaciones agrícolas

Website of the Instituto Nacional de Estadística:

www.ine.es

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