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Low-frequency waves in HF heating of the ionosphere

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Figure

Figure 3.1 Sketch of the ionosphere (above dependent geomagnetic field z = 100 km, with free space below and a conducting ground) and the regions characterized by the relative magnitudes of the Hall (σH) and Pederson (σP) conductivities
Figure 3.2 Magnetic field components (A Chapman profile with a peak density of 5 × 10Br, Bphi, Bz), electric field components (Er, Ephi), and current density Jz excited by a heated region with Lz = 40 km, and Lr = 20 km located at z = 300 km and modulated
Figure 3.3 Ionospheric current drive (ICD) physics. A modulated HF heating (red patch) creates diamagnetic  currents that excite magnetosonic (MS) waves
Figure 3.5 Magnetosonic wave propagation at space below 90 km. From t5s in HF heating of high‐latitude ionosphere with a modulation frequency of 2 Hz
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