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A numerical investigation of the solution of a class of fourth-order eigenvalue problems

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A numerical investigation of the solution of a class of

fourth-order eigenvalue problems

.

White Rose Research Online URL for this paper:

http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1711/

Article:

Brown, B.M., Davies, E.B., Jimack, P.K. et al. (1 more author) (2000) A numerical

investigation of the solution of a class of fourth-order eigenvalue problems. Proceedings of

the Royal Society Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 456 (1998).

pp. 1505-1521. ISSN 1471-2946

doi: 10.1098/rspa.2000.0573

[email protected]

https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/

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White Rose Consortium ePrints Repository

http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/

This is an author produced version of a paper published in

Proceedings of the

Royal Society Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

.

White Rose Repository URL for this paper:

http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1711/

Published paper

Brown, B.M., Davies, E.B., Jimack, P.K. and Mihajlovic, M.D. (2000) A numerical

investigation of the solution of a class of fourth-order eigenvalue problems.

Proceedings of the Royal Society Series A: Mathematical, Physical and

Engineering Sciences, 456 (1998). pp. 1505-1521.

(3)

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References

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