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Design of airanditloner controller for an automation / Musli Muhtaram.

DESIGN OF AIR-CONDITIONER CONTROLLER FOR

AN AUTOMATION

MUSLI BIN MUHTARAM

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"I hereby declare that I have read through this report and found that it has complied the partial fulfillment for awarding the degree of Bachelor of Electrical Engineering

(Industrial Power)"

Signature

Supervisor's Name : En Kyairul Azmi Bin Baharin

(3)

"Saya akui bahawa saya telah membaca karya ini. Pada pandangan saya karya ini

adalah memadai dari skop dan kualiti untuk tujuan penganugerahan ijazah Sarjana Muda Kejuruteraan Elektrik (Kuasa Industri)

Tandatangan

Nama penyelia : En Kyairul Azmi Bin Baharin

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DESIGN OF AIR CONDIONER CONTROLLER FOR AUTOMATION

MUSLI BIN MUHTARAM

This Report Is Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of Requirements For The Degree Of

Bachelor In Electrical Engineering (Industrial Power)

Faculty Of Electrical Engineering

University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka

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"Saya akui laporan ini adalah hasil kerja saya sendiri kecuali ringkasan dan petikan yang tiap-tiap satunya saya jelaskan sumbernya."

Tandatangan :

Nama

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"I hereby declared that this report is a result of my own work except for the except that have been cited clearly in the references."

Signature

: .

....

...

Name

.

...

MUCLI I N MuHTA@C\M
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah S.W.T, the most gracious and merciful, praise to Allah the

lord of universe and may blessing and peace of Allah be upon his messenger

Muhammad S.A.W. First, and foremost thank to Allah for giving me wellness and ideas

to complete this project report. Without any of it, i surely can't complete this project in

the time given.

I would like to express my appreciation to my project supervisor, Mr. Kyairul Azmi bin

Baharin for giving brilliant advices and guidance to me as well as provision of the

valuable time management, encouragement and patience during the time period of

completing this project.

Not forgetting, to most of my friends who help me in getting through most the time. I am

very grateful for helps that i get in constructing and achieving result and output fiom this

project. Information, experience and knowledge are what I'm looking forward to in my

way to achieve goals and aims in my project.

Last but not least, i also like to express my very thankful and send my grateful to all of

my family for the moral and financial support. To those that i forget to mention, please

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ABSTRACT

The air condition controller for automation is a system designed to control the

temperature of the air conditioner according to the changes of the room temperature.

This project main objective is to design the control system that contributes to more

effective energy consumption. In this project or thesis, the thermostat will sense the

room temperature. The thermostat does this by controlling the flow of heat energy into

or out of the system. Then, through the PID controller, it will increase or decrease the air

conditioner temperature, which we do not to do it manually. There are also innumerable

applications for this system of which most people are never aware of applications

include automobiles, industry, resident and e t c h term of energy consumption, this

project will lead to more efficient energy usage. It is because we only use the air

conditioner according to the room temperature. In other words, we are not using the air

conditioner at 20°C if the room temperature is 25°C. That the result that I hope my

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ABSTRAK

Litar kawalan penyaman udara untuk tujuan mengautomasi adalah satu sistem

yang direka untuk mengawal suhu bagi penyaman udara berdasarkan perubahan bagi

suhu bilik. Objektif utama projek ini adalah mereka bentuk sistem kawalan yang

menyumbang untuk penggunaan tenaga lebih berkesan. Dalam projek atau tesis ini,

termostat befingsi sebagai mengesan suhu bilik. Termostat berfimgsi dengan mengawal

aliran tenaga haba kepada atau daripada system.Kemudian, melalui pengawal PID, ia

akan meningkatkan atau mengurangkan suhu penyaman udara yang pada kebiasaannya

dilakukan secara manual. Terdapat banyak aplikasi untuk sistem ini di mana kebanyakan

pengguna tidak menyedarinya terrnasuklah aplikasi pada kereta, industri, pemastautin

dan sebagainya. Dari segi penggunaan tenaga, projek ini akan alternatif untuk

penggunaan tenaga lebih efisien. Ia adalah kerana sebagai contoh kita hanya

menggunakan penyaman udara berdasarkan untuk suhu bilik. Dengan kata lain, kita

tidak menggunakan penyaman udara pada 20°C jika suhu bilik adalah 25°C. Saya

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE

ACKNOLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLE

LIST OF FIGURE

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background 1.2 Problem statement 1.3 Objective

1.4 Scopes of work

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Study Of Related Thesis 2.2.1 Journal 1

2.2.1.1 Controller Design 2.2.2 Journal 2

2.2.2.1 Description Of The Process 2.2.3 Journal 3

2.2.3.1 Controller : Principle Of Operation 2.3 Study Of Related Theory

2.3.1 Types Of Controller 2.3.2 Temperature Controller

2.3.3 Operation Of Temperature Controller 2.4 Study About Components1 7

2.4.1 Light emitting diode 17 2.4.1.1 Function 17

2.4.1.2 Connecting and soldering1 7 2.4.1.3 Testing an LED 17

2.4.1.4 Colours of LED 17

2.4.1.5 Sizes, shape and viewing angles of LEDs 2.4.2 Potentiometer or variable resistor.

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2.4.2.1 Construction of potentiometers. 2.4.2.2 Applications of potentiometer

2.4.3 Relay

2.4.3.1 Choosing a relay 2.4.4 Capacitor

2.4.5 Thermistor

2.4.5.1 How Does A Thermistor's Resistance Depend Upon Temperature?

2.4.6 Transistor

2.4.6.1 The Important Of The Transistor 2.4.6.2 The usage of the transistor 2.4.6.3 Operations of the transistor 2.4.6.4 Type of the transistor

3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Project flowchart

3.2 Methodology explanations 3.3 Project planning

3.3.1 Project Planning For Final Year Project 1 3.3.2 Project Planning For Final Year Project 2

4 RESULT

4.1 Expected result 4.2 Actual result

5 PROJECT ANALYSIS

5.1 Circuit diagram 5.2 Circuit Analysis 5.3 Problems

5.4 Component analysis

5.5 Precautions step during soldering

6 DISCUSSION AND SUGGESTION

6.1 Discussion 6.2 Suggestion

CONCLUSION

REFERENCE

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LIST OF TABLE

NO TITLE

2.0 Quantization for FLCBLOWER

2.1. Quantization for FLCSWITCH

2.2 Usage of the transistor

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LIST OF FIGURE

TITLE PAGE

Configuration of fuzzy logic control automobile climate 6

control system

Membership function for FLCBLOWER (a) Input : Heat (n) 6

(b) Input : temperature difference (c) Output: blower speed

Rule base for FLCBLOWER 8

Membership finction for FLCSWITCH 8

Rule base for FLCSWITCH 9

Block diagram of the FLC temperature control system for 10

Controlling the temperature of a water bath

Light emitting diode 17

Tri-colour LED

Picture of potentiometer

Constructions of potentiometer

Picture of relay 24

Picture of capacitor 26

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

, The air conditioning system is designed to provide a comfortable living or

working environment within a specific area by controlling the surrounding at a

suitable range of temperature, relative humidity, air circulation and purity of the

air.

For tropical weather such as in Malaysia, the use of the air conditioning system helps

to create a more comfortable living environment. With the improvement and more

cost efficient in manufacturing technology, the production of

air

conditioning unit

have been made more environmentally fiiendly. One of the fact that lead to the

design of the air conditioner controller is to improve the efficiency of energy use.

Knowing that improving the efficiency of energy use will lead to a reduction in

energy consumption.

The air conditioner controller was not only can reduce the energy

consumption, but also can provide more comfortable and conducive environment.

One of the controller type that been use in this air conditioner controller is PID

controller. By using that kind of controller, the air conditioner will operate according

to the room temperature. Which is mean that the air conditioner temperature will

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automatically. This controller will overcome all the problem faced when using the

conventional air conditioner.

1.2 Problem statement

For daily usage, the air conditioner usually has been on with a certain

temperature. Then the air conditioner temperature remains the same even when the

room temperature was decreases. Otherwise, if want to change the air conditioner

temperature, do it manually. This problem will lead to wastage of energy (electricity)

because of the inanely usage of air condition.

1.3 Objective

There aim of these projects is to provide the intelligent home automation

appliances. In this paper, it's focus on air conditioner. The specific objectives that

will be discussed on analyze and discussion parts are as follows:

1. To design the controller for the air condition that can control the

temperature of the air conditioner according to the current room

temperature.

. .

11. To identify the most appropriate way of energy consumption.

iii. To study about the function and operation of sensors.

iv. To improve the conventional technology in air conditioner invention.

1.4 Scopes of work

The conventional air conditioner will lead to the wastage of energy

(electricity). Beside the size of the

air

conditioner, the inanely usage of the air
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problems, the air conditioner controller for automation was introduce for a better

usage compared with conventional air conditioner.

This new improvisation of the air conditioner will utilize the the data of air

conditioner size, room size and type of controller that been used. Besides, the study

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

This project is focus on the improvisation of the air conditioner. Type of

controller that been used in the air conditioner was be the classification of the

problem. The following study was review to gain idea in other to complete this

project.

2.2 Study of related thesis.

2.2.1 Fuzzy Logic Control For Non Linear Car Air Conditioning By

Mohd Fauzi Othman And Siti Marhanis Othman, (2006)

University Teknologi Malaysia.

This paper is all about to study the implementation of fuzzy logic

control in automobile climate control system compared to the existing state

flow controller. Usually the car air conditioner use a control system such as

linear piecewise linear and look up table approximations. All this type of

controller can be use had a problem such as limit the control performance,

costly to implement in certain applications and difficult to debug and tune.

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simply the implementation by combining multiple input into single if then

statement still handling non-linearity. There are two fuzzy logic controller

used in this model which is FLCBLOWER and FLCSWITCH.

FLCBLOWER inputs are range of temperature different, power provided by

number of passenger and the output is the blower speed. FLCSWITCH input

is temperature different and the output are either switch on the heater or AC

state. The concept is simple, if the temperature different is negative,meant

that set temperature is less than the current temperature. Therefore, air-

conditioner will be switch on. If the different is positive, it means that the set

point temperature is larger than the current temperature, so the heater will

turn

on.

2.2.1.1 Controller design

Figure 2.0 is a structure of the fUzzy controller for the

automobile climate control system. In this stage, the process input and

output variables are also determined. A single fuzzy controller can

have multiple inputs depending on the need of the control system. For

FLCBLOWER, the inputs are the range of temperature difference, a,

and the power provided by the number of passengers, b, and the

output is blower speed proportions, d. Figure 2.1, Table 2.0, and

Figure 2.2 describe the operation for FLCBLOWER. For

FLCSWITCH, the input is the range of temperature difference, a, and

the outputs, c, are switched to either Heater or AC State.

TI

is the exit temperature from both states and T, is the internal temperature. Figure
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S T2

Process

A

P T

Model FLCB LOWER E I

6

-

i $

i

I

i

I

[image:19.547.79.462.120.290.2]

1

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[image:20.545.75.452.65.289.2]

Figure 2.1. Membership function for FLCBLOWER (a) Input : Heat (n) (b) Input :

temperature difference (c) Output: blower speed

Table 2.0 : Quantization for FLCBLOWER

Quantization level

-

1 (Very small)

-

2 (Small)

-

3 (Medium)

-

4 (Large)

-

5 (Very large)

-

Negative large (NL)

-

Negative medium (NM)

-

Negative small (NS)

-

Zero (ZR)

-

Positive small (PS)

-

Positive medium (PM)

-

Positive large (PL)

-

Negative fast (NF)

-

Negative medium (NM)

-

Negative slow (NS)

-

Zero (ZR)

-

Positive slow (PS)

-

Positive medium (PM)

-

Positive fast (PF) Type

Input 1 : Heat ( N )

[image:20.545.121.435.396.686.2]
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[image:21.545.89.482.57.478.2] [image:21.545.88.449.300.464.2]

Figure 2.2. Rule base for FLCBLOWER

(22)

Table 2.1. Quantization for FLCS WITCH Type

Input 1 :

Temperature difference

Output 1 : Switch AC

output 2:

[image:22.546.97.408.76.342.2]

Switch HEATER

Figure 2.4. Rule base for FLCSWITCH Number

7

2

2

Quantization level

-

Negative large (NL)

-

Negative medium (NM)

-

Negative small (NS)

-

Zero (ZR)

-

Positive small (PS)

-

Positive medium (PM)

-

Positive large (PL)

-

on (ONE)

-

off (ZERO) [image:22.546.116.408.400.597.2]
(23)

2.2.2 Microcontroller Based Temperature Controller-Implementation

Of Fuzzy Logic By Prof S D Markande, Prof P M Joshi, And Dr S K Katti, (2002) Rajashi Shau College Of Engineering.

This work is in the area of soft computing (Fuzzy Logic) which is an

advanced area of computation, which can be applied for control of complex

systems wherein mathematical model is not available. Therefore an attempt

has been made, to control the temperature of a water bath using Fuzzy Logic

Controller. This controller is designed and fabricated (a prototype) using a

new microcontroller PIC 16C74 with advanced RISC architecture from

MICROCHIP. Suitable fbzzy rule base for the system has been prepared and

implemented to control the temperature. In this a minimum hardware was

required due to the capabilities of the processor. It is observed that the

response of the Fuzzy Logic Controller is faster than the conventional PID

[image:23.546.105.461.435.678.2]

Controller.

Figure 2.5 Block diagram of the FLC temperature control system for

Controlling the temperature of a water bath

DISPLAY

,sp1,

I I

K E Y R O I W

v

DC

r-

Micrmntroller

I

I

---

+*

A

+

-

I

Sensor I + I+ Opto-
(24)

2.2.2.1 Description of The Process

The block diagram of the FLC Temperature Control System is

shown in Figure 2.5. The block diagram shows the flow of the

process. The function of each block is discussed below.

1. Water Bath

This is a container with suitable inlet and outlet and stores water. The temperature of this water is to be kept constant at

desired value.

.

.

11. Temperature Sensor

This is used for the measurement of the process variable, the

temperature of the water inside the bath. The output of the

sensor, which is proportional to the temperature, is fed back to

the microcontroller for initiating necessary steps for taking

proper control action

...

111. Microcontroller with Display and Keyboard Interfaces

It is the heart of the system. It accepts the analog output of the

temperature sensor and processes it further for getting the

actual temperature value in digital form.

The microcontroller is provided with a keyboard interface,

which is used to select the controller mode and to input the set

point. It allows for the operations such as increment,

decrement, execute and stop required by the user.

The display interface enables to display the set point and the

actual temperature of the water.

The microcontroller calculates the error and change in error.

Then depending on the control mode selected, it uses either

Fuzzy or PID algorithms fiom the software to generate the

control signal. This control signal is in the form of PWM

Figure

Figure 2.0 Configuration of fuzzy logic control automobile climate control system
Figure 2.1. Membership function for FLCBLOWER (a) Input : Heat (n) (b) Input : temperature difference (c) Output: blower speed
Figure 2.2. Rule base for FLCBLOWER
Figure 2.4. Rule base for FLCSWITCH
+2

References

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