Design Of A Corner Chair To Ease The Daily Routine Of Cerebral Palsy Kids

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UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

DESIGN OF A CORNER CHAIR TO EASE THE DAILY

ROUTINE OF CEREBRAL PALSY KIDS

This report is submitted in accordance with the requirement of the Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor’s Degree in Manufacturing

Engineering Technology (Process and Technology) with Honours

by

NURUL AMIRAH BINTI JALLIL

B071410095

920610145912

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UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA

TAJUK: DESIGN OF A CORNER CHAIR TO EASE THE DAILY ROUTINE OF CEREBRAL PALSY KIDS

SESI PENGAJIAN: 2017/18 Semester 1

Saya NURUL AMIRAH BINTI JALLIL

mengaku membenarkan Laporan PSM ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:

1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis. 2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan

untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis.

3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.

4. **Sila tandakan ( )

SULIT

TERHAD

TIDAK TERHAD

(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia sebagaimana yang termaktub dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)

(Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)

Alamat Tetap:

Lot 494 A, Segambut Bahagia

51200 Kuala Lumpur,

Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur

Tarikh: ________________________

Disahkan oleh:

Cop Rasmi:

Tarikh: _______________________

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DECLARATION

I hereby, declared this report entitled “Design of a Corner Chair to Ease the Daily Routine of Cerebral Palsy Kids” is the results of my own research except as cited in references.

Signature : ………

Author’s Name : ………

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APPROVAL

This report is submitted to the Faculty of Engineering Technology of UTeM as a partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Degree in Manufacturing Engineering Technology (Process and Technology) with Honours. The member of the supervisory is as follow:

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i

ABSTRAK

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ii

ABSTRACT

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iii

DEDICATION

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iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thanks UTeM for accepting me as one of your student in Faculty of Engineering Technology. To my supervisor, Mr Mohd Azlan bin Mohamed thank you for always guiding me throughout the project. Also to all my lecturers that had teach me since in the first year of degree until this final year.

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v

TABLE OF CONTENT

Abstrak i

Abstract ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgement iv

Table of Content v

List of Tables viii

List of Figures ix

List Abbreviations and Symbols xi

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Problem Statement 3

1.3 Objective 3

1.4 Scope 3

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction 4

2.1 Definition of Cerebral Palsy 4

2.1.1 Caused of Cerebral Palsy 6

2.1.2 Symptoms of Cerebral Palsy 7

2.1.3 Classification of Cerebral Palsy 9

2.1.4 Types of Cerebral Palsy 11

2.1.5 Effects of Cerebral Palsy 17

2.1.6 Statistic Cases of Cerebral Palsy 17

2.2 Corner Chair 18

2.3 Product Survey 19

2.4 Other Device Aid for Cerebral Palsy Patient 20

2.4.1 Robotic Platform 19

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vi

2.4.3 Game System 22

2.4.4 Robot-Assisted Therapy 24

2.4.5 Robotic-Assisted Gait Training (RAGT) 25

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction 27

3.1 Project Planning 27

3.1.1 Duration of the Project 29

3.2 Literature Study 29

3.3 Data Collection 30

3.3.1 Field Observation 30

3.3.2 Case Study 31

3.3.3 Interview 32

3.3.4 Questionnaire 35

3.3.5 Journal / Articles 44

3.3.6 Books 45

3.4 Product Design Specification 45

3.4.1 House of Quality (HOQ) 46

3.4.2 Conceptual Design 48

3.4.3 Concept Selection 50

3.4.4 Weighted Rating Evaluation Method 50

3.4.5 Detailed Design 52

3.4.6 3D Modelling 52

3.4.7 3D Drawing 53

3.4.8 3D Assembly 55

CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.0 Introduction 56

4.1 Observation 56

4.2 House of Quality 57

4.3 Mechanism of the Product 58

4.3.1 Tree Structure of Design Product 58

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vii

4.4 Product Drawing 60

4.4.1 Concept Selection 1 60

4.5 Detail Drawing 67

4.5.1 Detail Drawing Part 67

4.5.2 3D Assembly 78

4.5.3 3D Exploded View 81

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION

5.0 Introduction 82

5.1 Conclusion 82

5.2 Future Work 83

REFERENCES 84

APPENDICES

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viii

LIST OF TABLES

2.1 List Case Inability 18

2.2 Type of Game System 23

3.1 House of Quality 47

3.2 Scoring classification 50

3.3 Weighted rating evaluation method 51

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ix

LIST OF FIGURES

1.1 Meaning of Cerebral Palsy 2

1.2 Cerebral Palsy Patient 2

2.1 Definition of Cerebral Palsy 5

2.2 Classification of Cerebral Palsy 11

2.3 Types of spasticity 13

2.4 Types of Cerebral Palsy 16

2.5 CP Walker robotic platform 20

2.6 User wearing the exoskeleton of CP Walker 20

2.7 Child with CP holding Xbox 360 controller 21

2.8 PC Gamer Bike mini and Xbox 360 controller 22

2.9 Robot-Assisted Therapy Video Games 25

2.10 Robot-assisted gait training 26

3.1 Flow Chart 28

3.2 Observation / Case Study 32

3.3 Lower extremity splinting 34

3.4 Wheelchair 35

3.5 Interview session with Mrs Mazitah binti Mohd Tahir 35 3.6 Pie chart for Sex, Race and Age of the Respondents 36 3.7 Percentages of Relations with patient and Income salary 37 3.8 Percentages of respondent that using a corner chair 38

3.9 Percentage of needed a corner chair at home 39

3.10 Percentage of satisfied characteristics of existing corner chair 40 3.11 Percentages of characteristics on existing corner chair not satisfactory 41 3.12 Percentages of characteristics of new design on corner chair 42

3.13 Percentage of help the life process 41

3.14 Article Kosmo 15 February 2017 44

3.15 Conceptual design 1 49

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x

3.17 Conceptual design 3 49

3.18 3D Modelling 1 52

3.21 3D Drawing 1 54

4.1 Tree Structure of Design Product 58

4.2 Concept Selection 1 60

4.9 Detail Drawing Seat 67

4.10 Detail Drawing Seat Cover 68

4.11 Detail Drawing Backrest 69

4.12 Detail Drawing Backrest Cover 70

4.13 Detail Drawing Table 71

4.14 Detail Drawing Belt 72

4.15 Detail Drawing Holder 73

4.16 Detail Drawing Stopper 74

4.17 Detail Drawing Lock Hook 75

4.18 Detail Drawing Hinge 76

4.19 Detail Drawing Assembly 77

4.20 Complete Assembly Design 78

4.21 Complete Corner Chair 79

4.22 Method for using corner chair 80

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xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

ART - Assisted Reproductive Technology BSCP - Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy CBR - Community-Based Rehabilitation CMV - Cytomegalovirus Virus

CAD - Computer Aided Design

CP - Cerebral Palsy

ER - Event Recognition

FYP - Final Year Project HOQ - House of Quality

MHRI - Multimodal Human– Robot Interface OKU - Orang Kurang Upaya

PDK - Pemulihan Dalam Komuniti PWDs - People with Disabilities

RAGT - Robotic-Assisted Gait Training RAT - Robot-assisted therapy

SCPE - Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy European Network WHO - World Health Organization

3D - Three Dimensional

ºC - Celcius

cm - centimeter

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1

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

This chapter was concentrating on how this project is chosen. It begins with background study and proceeded with the problem statement that will look on problem surrounding of the product. Then proceeded with one strongly objective, it is to identify the aim of this product. Next is the scope of the project, which describe the most suitable method for use on this project.

1.1 Background

Cerebral palsy (CP) kid has less ability to sit nor to stand on their own until adolescence thus limit their day to day activity. CP is caused by unusual growth or injury to the part of the brain that control the motion, balance and posture of body. The most often CP happen during the pregnancy process known as Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), they might also occur during the birthing process known as birth complication, yellow babies that known as jaundice and kernicterus or kids late to get medicine when fever. Statistics CP cases is about 2.1 per 1000 live birth.

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2 therapy. The best example that can give motivation to cerebral palsy kids is Paralympic athlete that already success in Olympic Rio like Mohamad Ridzuan bin Mohamad Puzi, Muhammad Ziyad bin Zolkefli and Abdul Latif bin Romly.

[image:17.595.173.467.215.391.2]

This project aims to design and innovate current corner chair for cerebral palsy kids aged three to six years old to aid them in sitting and perform their activity under minimum care of adults. This project involves product design and fabrication.

Figure 1.1: Meaning of Cerebral Palsy

(Source: <http://www.islamtoday.co.za/article/1599 > n.d.)

[image:17.595.257.381.449.625.2]

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1.2 Problem Statement

The term CP is a part of neurological disorders that appear in earliest stages of infancy or early childhood and forever affect body movement and muscle coordination. CP also could be defined as a disorder that appears in infancy and permanently affect posture and body movement but does not worsen over time.

People with CP may experiences to uncontrolled movement to sitting and walking. Some of them only can rolling over and crawling their body, it will cause their muscle become stiff. The unbalance to control body because of injury at the brain. They may also have difficulties with speaking, swallowing, feeding, chewing and drooling to move saliva back to the mouth. Cerebral Palsy can be traceable during pregnancy or birth. However it always happens when kids in seizures condition.

1.3 Objectives

The objectives of this project is to design and innovate current corner chair for cerebral palsy kids aged three to six years old to help them in sitting and perform their activity under minimum care of adults.

1.4 Scope

To achieve the objective of this study, several scopes have been determined: i. Design and innovate current corner chair using SolidWorks software. ii. Data collection (Case study and interview)

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CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction

This chapter introduces the background and to obtain the prior work related to the project. There are several research found, which was discussed in literature review that can be related to this project. Besides that journal, books, newspaper, etc. are the source used as a guide to be provided in this chapter.

2.1 Definition of Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is as a group of syndromes of the development of motion and posture, affecting activity limitation, that are attributed to non-progressive troubles that happened in the developing fetal or infant brain. Bilateral spastic CP (BSCP) is a sub-sort of spastic CP, in which limbs on two sides of the body are involved. Even though some individuals with BSCP can stand and walk independently with or without helper devices, these individuals have difficulties to control body while standing. (Tomita et al., 2016)

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5 of cases and predominantly affects balance and coordination. Some patients with CP exhibit mixed movement patterns. Although CP is caused by a non-progressive lesion or injury, functional decline may occur with aging. A number of studies have described progressive walking impairment in adults with CP. Based on survey response, one study reported that 35% of adults with CP experienced deterioration in walking, and in most cases, this deterioration occurred before the age of 35 years. Another longitudinal study showed that walking impairment worsened with time, as the proportion of adults who had reported walking impairment increased from 39% at baseline to 52% over a 7-year period. Deterioration of walking function in this study population was significantly associated with reduced balance and higher levels of pain and fatigue.

[image:20.595.166.473.453.653.2]

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group disorders affected by non-progressive insults to the brain during early development. The resulting neuronal damage leads to various types and severity of motor involvement, and a range of primary symptoms such as spasticity, paresis, and poor motor control along with other secondary symptoms. (Galey et al., 2017)

Figure 2.1: Definition of Cerebral Palsy

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2.1.1 Causes of Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy is affected by abnormal brain development (congenital cerebral palsy) or injury to the developing brain (acquired cerebral palsy) that effects a child’s skill to control his or her muscles. (Anon n.d.)

1. Congenital Cerebral Palsy: Cerebral palsy linked to brain injury that happened before or at birth involves 85-90% of CP cases. In many cases, the causes for congenital cerebral palsy are unidentified. Some risk influences for congenital CP may include:

a) Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART): Also identified as infertility treatments have a more risk for CP, likely due to multiples during pregnant time and the premature deliveries.

b) Birth Complications: Complications through the birthing process including uterine rupture, umbilical cord complications, or detachment of the placenta can effected the oxygen supply to the fetus and caused to get CP.

c) Jaundice and Kernicterus: Often called “yellow babies,” jaundice is the gathering of bilirubin in the blood of the baby after birth. Untreated severe jaundice effects kernicterus, which can caused the cerebral palsy.

d) Low Birth Weight: Children especially who weigh less than 3 pounds, five ounces, have a more risk for developing CP but who weighing less than five and a half pounds also have potential to get cerebral palsy.

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7 f) Multiples Pregnancy: Mothers who birth twins, triplets, and other different births have a higher danger for Cerebral Palsy, most notably when one of the infants is stillborn. A few, however not all of this danger is related to preterm birth experienced by many pregnancies.

g) Prenatal Infections: Cytokines can lead to inflammation and brain damage to the fetus. Cytokines (which cause inflammation) begin to circulate throughout the mother and baby during the pregnant mother has certain categories of the rubella, cytomegalovirus virus (CMV), chicken pox, fevers, infections, fetal membranes, bacterial infections of the placenta, or pelvic infections of the mother,

2. Acquired Cerebral Palsy Causes: Some cases of cerebral palsy with a small percent of cerebral palsy is affected by brain damage happening 28 or more days after birth process. These effects may include:

a) Disrupted blood flow to the brain: Cerebrovascular mischances which is in a mind brain or stroke, coagulation problem, disgracefully shaped vein, heart imperfections, or sickle cell ailment.

b) Infections: Some infection, most especially infections of the brain such as encephalitis or meningitis during infancy time.

c) Injury: Injuries to the brain, for example auto collisions, shaken infant disorder, or child abuse.

2.1.2 Symptoms of Cerebral Palsy

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8 1. Symptoms in a baby younger than half years:

(a) Baby feels stiff (b) Baby feels floppy

(c) Head lag when he or she is grabbed from lying on his or her back

(d) When head is not supported in arms, he or she overextends his or her back and neck, behaving as though he’s pulling without end

(e) When he or she is grabbed, his legs get stiff and they cross or scissor

2. Symptoms in baby older than half year:

a) Baby can’t unite hands

b) Baby doesn’t move over in either track

c) Has trouble bringing hands to mouth during eating process d) Reaches for objects with one hand while keeping the other fisted

3. Symptoms in baby older than 10 months:

a) Crawling in lopsided way, leg while dragging the opposite arm and leg and pushing off with one hand

b) Scoots on buttocks or hops on knees however doesn’t crawl on all fours muscle

4. Symptoms in children more one year of age:

a) Ataxia – lack of muscle coordination while performing voluntary movements

b) Cognitive impairments c) Crouched gait

d) Delayed milestones e) Dental issues

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9 h) Joint contractures

i) Muscle tone that is too floppy or too stiff

j) Primitive reflexes that normally disappear between 3 and 6 months after birth

k) Problems with inside / bladder control l) Seizures

m) Skeletal deformities on one side of the body n) Spasticity – exaggerated reflexes

o) Speech issues

p) Stiff, tighten up muscles q) Swallowing problems r) Walk on toes

s) Walk with one leg dragging

2.1.3 Classification of Cerebral Palsy