• No results found

Migration on request, a practical technique for preservation

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2019

Share "Migration on request, a practical technique for preservation"

Copied!
13
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)

This is a repository copy of

Migration on request, a practical technique for preservation

.

White Rose Research Online URL for this paper:

http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3757/

Book Section:

Mellor, P., Wheatley, P. and Sergeant, D. (2002) Migration on request, a practical

technique for preservation. In: Goos, G., Hartmanis, J. and van Leeuwen, J., (eds.)

Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries : 6th European Conference,

ECDL 2002 Rome, Italy, September 16–18, 2002 Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer

Science, 2458 (2458/2). Springer , Berlin / Heidelberg , pp. 516-526. ISBN

978-3-540-44178-6

https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45747-X

[email protected]

https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/

Reuse

Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright

exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy

solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The

publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White

Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder,

users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website.

Takedown

If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by

(2)

promoting access to White Rose research papers

White Rose Research Online

Universities of Leeds, Sheffield and York

http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/

This is an author produced version of a paper published in Research and

Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries.

White Rose Research Online URL for this paper:

http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/375

7

/

Published paper

Mellor, P., Wheatley, P. and Sergeant, D. (2002) Migration on request, a practical

technique for preservation. In: Goos, G., Hartmanis, J. and van Leeuwen, J. (eds)

Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries : 6th European

Conference, ECDL 2002 Rome, Italy, September 16–18, 2002 Proceedings.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2458 (2458/2002). Springer , Berlin /

Heidelberg, pp. 516-526. ISBN 978-3-540-44178-6

(3)

-/.

02143576)8955:<;=?>@0A,B45DCE148?AGFH589I@=G>4A,J@KLM89;H89NPOQ89;HR<8?A,JSF=

T/UWVXY[Z-\!]E^`_bacedgfHhji,kQZ7l,mn_jlpo-arq<sdY@Xt<_jn_uqGkQv/wSdWx!ySXz{dH_b|uXh}qa9~7Y@dgdrl<|gkQY@dgdrl<|(YDS€ ?‚ v!kQx!ƒ

„g…7†ˆ‡7†ˆ‰{Š,‹GŒ9,Ž?‹?`’‘7†ˆ“7†e”?‹?•{–G‹GŒ—G<˜™GŽ?‹{‹?š<›[†eŒGœ[†ˆ?ž

Ÿ# `¡g¢g£¤Q¥?¢?¦

Vpn9XyGhjn9XySXyS§Pn¨l<X§?Xhjn9sa?t,cedgfHh©Xyªn’«S|bn9tSsd|ehjnhbdaz{dH_hbX¬ d#X| nfH_b«SfgXn9s-n9|u­®dgfHha9~l<X§?Xhjn9s7­<_bdg|udH_bz?nhbXa?y@¯[Z`°<X|ehbXyS§¬ dHhbwSa,l<|Wa9~/­<_bdg|udH_bz,XyS§ wQnrz{d¬#n9yGql,_jngm2tQn9fj±,|g¯Gv/wSX|7­Qn9­®dH_/l<dg|ufH_bXt®dg|-n?l<z?n9ySfgdrlhbdgfjwSySX²G«Sdg|a9~@lSnhjn ¬ X§9_jnhbXa?y³m2wSXfjwªfrn9y³t®d«S|udrlhba|u«S­S­®a9_uh©­<_bdg|udH_bz?nhbXa?yª¬ a9_bdn9fgfg«<_jnhbdgsq n9yQlfga?|eh(dH´4dgfHhbXz{dgsqG¯

v[a!dgyS|u«<_bd7hbwQnhD­<_bdg|udH_bz{drlm/a9_b±,|Dfrn9yMt®d7_bdgyQl<dH_bdrla?yMfg«<_u_bdgyGhDfga?¬ ­S«<hbdH_D|eq<|eµ hbdg¬ |az{dH_hbX¬ d?k(¶·hu_jn?l<XhbXa?yQn9s-¬ X§9_jnhbXa?yS¸’wQn9|t®dgdgyP«S|udrl¨hbapfga?y,z{dH_uhMlSnhjn XyGhba fg«<_u_bdgyGh2~¹a9_b¬#nhb|g¯®U(|hbwSdySdHmº~¹a9_b¬#nh!t®dgfga?¬ dg|2a?tS|ua?sdHhbdn9ySa9hbwSdH_!fga?y<µ z{dH_b|uXa?ypX|2­®dH_u~¹a9_b¬ drl4kSdHhbfgdHhbdH_jn,¯®v@_jn?l<XhbXa?yQn9s[¬ X§9_jnhbXa?ypwQn9|2¬#n9yGq#XySwSdH_bdgyGh ­<_ba?tSsdg¬ |Mn9|MdH_u_ba9_b|l<«<_bXyS§hu_jn9yS|e~¹a9_b¬#nhbXa?y)­<_ba?­Qn9§{nhbd hbw<_ba?«S§?wSa?«<h~¹«<hb«<_bd hu_jn9yS|e~¹a9_b¬#nhbXa?yS|g¯

T/UWVXY[Z-\!]M»||ua9~h}mn_bdsa?yS§?dgz,Xh}q­<_bXySfgX­Ssdg|frn9yPt®d n9­S­SsXdrlhbapn¬ X§9_jnµ hbXa?y|ehu_jnhbdg§9qGk9a9´4dH_bXyS§!X¬ ­<_baz{dg¬ dgyGhb|@az{dH_Dhu_jn?l<XhbXa?yQn9s,¬ X§9_jnhbXa?y@¯?v/wSX|`ySdHm n9­S­<_ba{n9fjw X|7yQn9¬ drlP¶uVX§9_jnhbXa?ya?y©¼(dr²G«Sdg|ehr¯¸MVX§9_jnhbXa?y#a?y ¼(dr²G«Sdg|eh7|uwSX~hb| hbwSdtS«<_jl<dgy’a9~-­<_bdg|udH_bz?nhbXa?ya?yGhban#|uXyS§?sdhbaGa?s½k4m2wSXfjwX|W¬#n9XyGhjn9XySdrl’az{dH_ hbX¬ d?¯,U(smngq<|-_bdHhb«<_bySXyS§hbahbwSd(a9_bX§?XyQn9s®~¹a9_b¬#nh/dgyQn9tSsdg|/­®a9hbdgyGhbXn9s®dH_u_ba9_b|-hba t®d|uX§?ySX¾Qfrn9yGhbsq_bdrl<«Sfgdrl4¯

¿ ÀSÁ(®Ã4ÄÅMÆMÇ[Â4ÈbÄ(Á

ÉuJÊAK®3R<3FgA,553Ë4;gA,;HIÌAªJ489ÍÏÎ4;H:<Ë4589Ð+1@A<ђÑjB4;jÒ·A<Ó8?K`>Ó:<558?ÓrFH3:<J@Ñ:,Ò©K®3R<3FgA,5W:<Ë®Ôb8?ÓrFgÑ Ë[8?Ó:<Ðp8:<Ë@Ñj:<58FH8A,J@K¨B4JQB@ÑHA,Ë458Í14358MFH8?Óg14J4:<5:<R<I;gA,Î43¹K®5I’89Õ<:<5Õ<8?Ñ9ÖS6)8?A,JQÍ14358<>SFH148 × 895¹K:,ÒK®3R<3FgA,5Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕGAGFH3:<JP3¹Ñ:<J45I#ÔbB@ÑbFË[89R<3J4J43J4R@Ö[OQB4;H895I3FM3¹ÑÑHAG҈8?ÑbFFH:¨ÍWA,3F҈:<; FH148¨A<K®ÕQ3¹Ó8pFH:)ВAGFHB4;H8{ؒÙ:GÍ!89Õ<89;?>D3JºK®:<3J4R)Ñj:ВA,JQIÓB4;H;H89JSF#K®3R<3FgA,5:<Ë®Ôb8?ÓrFgÑ©FH1@AGF J4898?K®8?KPÎ4;H8?Ñj89;HÕQ3J4RÍ355`1@A{Õ<8 A,5;H8?A<K®I’Ë[8989J5:SÑbF#ڈ3;H;H8FH;H389ÕGA,Ë45I4ÛrÖ

6³A,3JSFgA,3J43J4RAK®3R<3FgA,5[:<Ë®Ôb8?ÓrFW3JPAB@ÑHA,Ë458©ÑbFgAGFH8:GÕ<89;2FH3Ðp83¹ÑWAÓ;HB@Ó3¹A,5DA<ÑjÎ[8?ÓrFW:,Ò K®3R<3FgA,52Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕGAGFH3:<JÖDÉuJÜ:<;gK®89;FH:)Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕ<8pÑjB@Ó9Ó8?ÑHÑb҈B455I<>7A<ÓrFH3:<JÐB@ÑbF#Ë[8pFgA,N<89JªFH: 89J@ÑjB4;H8!FH1@AGF(K®3R<3FgA,54:<Ë®Ôb8?ÓrFgÑÓ9A,JpË[88?A<Ñj35I#;H89J@K®89;H8?K:<JpÓB4;H;H89JSF2Ó:<ÐpÎ4B®FH89;2Î45¹AGFj҈:<;HÐ’Ñ :GÕ<89;FH3Ðp8<Ö76)3R<;gAGFH3:<Jª1@A<Ñ©Ë[8989JÜÍ3¹K®895IªB@Ñj8?K³FH:)Ðp:GÕ<8:<Ë@Ñj:<58FH8’K4AGFgAP3JSFH:)ÓB4;H;H89JSF K4AGFgA©Òˆ:<;HВAGFgÑ9Ö<CE1489JAK4AGFgA©Òˆ:<;HВAGF(Ë[8?Ó:<Ðp8?Ñ2:<Ë@Ñj:<58FH8<>SA Ðp3R<;gAGFH3:<JpFH:Q:<5@3¹Ñ(B@Ñj8?KFH: FH;gA,J@Ñb҈:<;HÐÝFH148 K®3R<3FgA,5D:<Ë®Ôb8?ÓrFW3JSFH:pAK4AGFgA#҈:<;HВAGFWÍ143¹Óg1PÓ9A,JË[8;H89J@K®89;H8?KA,J@K¨B@Ñj8?K :<JÌAÓB4;H;H89JSF#Ó:<ÐpÎ4B®FH89;#Î45¹AGFj҈:<;HÐÖCE1489JFH143¹Ñ ҈:<;HВAGF Ë[8?Ó:<Ðp8?Ñ :<Ë@Ñj:<58FH8<>A,J4:,FH1489;

i ¼(dg|udrn_bfjw~¹a9_(hbwSX|2­Qn9­®dH_2mn9|(|u«S­S­®a9_uhbdrlXyp­Qn_uh(tGq#hbwSd]WnhbXa?yQn9s`,fgXdgySfgdÞSa?«SyQlSnhbXa?y@k U2mn_jlß

??à{á9?â{á

(4)

FH;gA,J@Ñb҈:<;HВAGFH3:<JÜ3¹ÑÎ[89;j҈:<;HÐp8?K`>-A,J@KºÑj:³:<JÖW1489;H8A,;H8¨Ð’A,JQIÜK®;gA{ÍË@A<ÓgN®Ñ©Í3FH1ºFH143¹Ñ ÑbFH;gAGFH89R<I:,Ò bFH;gA<K®3FH3:<J@A,5Ðp3R<;gAGFH3:<JÚ·Ñj898 × R<B4;H8{ÛrÖJQIP89;H;H:<;gÑW:<;:<Ðp3¹ÑHÑj3:<J@ÑW҈;H:<Ð A¨FH;gA,J@Ñb҈:<;HВAGFH3:<J³Í355Î4;H:<Î@A,RSAGFH8 FH14;H:<B4R<14:<B®F A,J@K³1489J@Ó8pË[8pÎ4;H8?Ñj89JSF©3JA,55/҈B®FHB4;H8 FH;gA,J@Ñb҈:<;HВAGFH3:<J@ÑÚ·Ñj898 × R<B4;H8<ÛrÖ®3¹ÑbFH3J4R#Ðp8FH14:®K4Ñ!:,ÒÎ4;H8?Ñj89;HÕQ3J4R#K®3R<3FgA,5DK4AGFgA#:,Ò½FH89J Ò·A,55[Ñj14:<;jF2:,Ò`A<Ó9ÓB4;gAGFH895I#Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕQ3J4R A,J@KpA,B®FH1489JSFH3¹Ó9A,55I;H89J@K®89;H3J4R A,Jp:<;H3R<3J@A,54K®3R<3FgA,5 K®:®ÓB4Ðp89JSF?Ö(:<JSFH3JQB@A,55IÎ4;H:®K®B@Ó3J4RPJ489Í Ðp3R<;gAGFH3:<J)FH:Q:<5¹ÑÍ1489J489Õ<89;©A¨FH;gA,J@Ñb҈:<;HВA FH3:<J)3¹Ñ;H8SB43;H8?K)A,J@KPFH1489JªA,Î4Î45IQ3J4RpFH1489Ð FH:¨Î[:SÑHÑj3Ë45IPÕ<89;HI5¹A,;HR<8#K4AGFgA’14:<5¹K®3J4RSÑ3¹Ñ Ó:SÑbFH5I<ÖW143¹ÑÎ@A,Î[89;MK®8?ÑHÓ;H3Ë[8?ÑÑj:<Ðp8 A<K®ÕGA,J@Ó8?KFH8?Óg14J43SB48?ÑW:,ÒK4AGFgAÐp3R<;gAGFH3:<JPÍ143¹Óg1 Ó9A,JPË[8 B@Ñj8?KFH:’ÑjB4Î4Î[:<;jFÎ4;H8?Ñj89;HÕGAGFH3:<JÍ!:<;HN’Ðp:<;H8 A<Ó9ÓB4;gAGFH895I¨A,J@KPÓ:SÑbF8D8?ÓrFH3Õ<895I<Ö

¦4¦ Z`_u_ba9_b|2­<_ba?­Qn9§{nhbXyS§©hbw<_ba?«S§?wdrn9fjwpfga?y,z{dH_b|uXa?yp|ehbdg­pa9~Dhu_jn?l<XhbXa?yQn9s[¬ X§9_jnhbXa?y

7;gA<K®3FH3:<J@A,5QÐp3R<;gAGFH3:<J#1@A<Ñ/Ë[8989JÍ3¹K®895IB@Ñj8?K#FH: Ó:<JQÕ<89;jF-:<Ë@Ñj:<58FH8WK4AGFgA3JSFH: ÓB4; ;H89JSF2K4AGFgAM҈:<;HВAGFgÑ9ÖGÉuJFH148Ñj14:<;jF/FH89;HÐ FH143¹Ñ:!D89;gÑAÍWA{I :,ÒDN<8989Î43J4R K®3R<3FgA,5®Ð’AGFH89;H3¹A,5¹Ñ ÓB4;H;H89JSF?>Ë4B®F3F3¹Ñ J4:,FA,JÜ8D8?ÓrFH3Õ<8¨5:<J4RFH89;HÐ ÑbFH;gAGFH89R<I<Ö"W143¹Ñ ;H8?Ñj8?A,;gÓg1ªÎ[89;j҈:<;HÐp8?K ËQIFH148#$M6)3%"'&)( Î4;H:,Ôb8?ÓrF+*,[1@A<Ñ(3JQÕ<8?ÑbFH3RSAGFH8?K’A#ÍWA{I:,Ò7A,Î4Î45IQ3J4RÐp3R<;gAGFH3:<J’3JA Ðp:<;H8MÑj89J@Ñj3Ë458MA,J@K’8D8?ÓrFH3Õ<8MÍWA{I<Ö-W143¹Ñ(J489Í A,Î4Î4;H:SA<Óg1p3¹Ñ2J@A,Ðp8?K.H6)3R<;gAGFH3:<Jp:<J/8 SB48?ÑbF?Ö0W1481$M6)3%"'&)( Î4;H:,Ôb8?ÓrFW1@A<ÑW3ÐpÎ4589Ðp89JSFH8?KA;H8?A,56)3R<;gAGFH3:<J:<J2/8SB48?ÑbF FH:Q:<57FH:¨89J@ÑjB4;H8#FH1@AGFMFH143¹ÑFH1489:<;H8FH3¹Ó9A,57Í!:<;HNP3¹ÑFH;HB45IPÎ4;gA<ÓrFH3¹Ó9A,5}ÖW143¹ÑMÎ@A,Î[89;8®Î45¹A,3J@Ñ FH143¹Ñ/FH8?Óg14J43SB48MA,J@KÎ4;H8?Ñj89JSFgÑ × J@K®3J4RSÑ/҈;H:<Ð FH1488®Î[89;H3Ðp89JSFgA,543ÐpÎ4589Ðp89JSFgAGFH3:<JÖ-W148 LM3R<3FgA,58#3!89ÍWA,;H3J4RÎ4;H:,Ôb8?ÓrF3¹ÑA,JP84Ó895589JSF;H8?Ñj:<B4;gÓ8©A,Ë[:<B®FÐp3R<;gAGFH3:<J4*+,eÖ

(5)

1@A{Õ<8Ë[8989JA<K®:<ήFH8?K҈;H:<Ð FH148 (8?K4A,;gÑÎ4;H:,Ôb8?ÓrF0*,e>DÍ1489;H89ËQIFH148FH89;HÐ jÐp3R<;gAGFH3:<J 3¹Ñ:<J45IA,Î4Î4538?K¨FH:’:<Î[89;gAGFH3:<J@Ñ!Í143¹Óg1PFH;gA,J@Ñb҈:<;HÐ FH148#K4AGFgA:<Ë®Ôb8?ÓrF#*!,eÖ

Ä2Ã`Â4ÈjÇQÈÜ娀 È2Ã-Â4ÈbÄ(ÁÏÄ(ÁWÆ <Â

(8?K4A,;gÑ(ÑjB4R<R<8?ÑbFH8?KFH1@AGF?>SËQIÎ4;H8?Ñj89;HÕQ3J4R FH148M:<;H3R<3J@A,54ËQISFH8?ÑbFH;H8?A,ÐÝ:,Ò7AK®3R<3FgA,5@:<Ë®Ôb8?ÓrF?> Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕGAGFH3:<J&Í!:<;HNºÓ:<B45¹K&Ë[8)Î[89;j҈:<;HÐp8?KºÐp:<;H88D8?ÓrFH3Õ<895I *+,eÖÉeÒ AËQISFH8?ÑbFH;H8?A,Ð+3¹Ñ Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕ<8?K¨B4J@Óg1@A,J4R<8?K:GÕ<89;(FH3Ðp8<>@AÍWA{I¨:,Ò-3JSFH89;HÎ4;H8FH3J4Rp:<;W;H89J@K®89;H3J4RFH1@AGF:<;H3R<3J@A,5 ҈:<;HВAGF2Í355[A,5¹Ñj:©Ë[8J48?Ó8?ÑHÑHA,;HI<Ö!J¨:<ËQÕQ3:<B@Ñ/Î4;H:<Ë4589ÐÍ3FH1pFH143¹Ñ(ÑbFH;gAGFH89R<I#3¹ÑFH148MÑj14:<;jF 53҈8FH3Ðp8p:,Ò!A,JQIÐp3R<;gAGFH3:<JFH:Q:<5K®8?Ñj3R<J48?KFH:PÎ[89;j҈:<;HÐ FH143¹ÑMFgA<ÑjNDÖD02;H89ÕQ3:<B@Ñ;H8?Ñj8?A,;gÓg1 :<JFH1481$M6)3%"'&)( Î4;H:,Ôb8?ÓrFW1@A<ÑK®89Õ<895:<Î[8?K¨FH8?Óg14J43SB48?Ñ(҈:<;Ñj:,Ò½FbÍWA,;H8M5:<J4R<89ÕQ3FbI *,eÖ CE14358!FH148?Ñj8!FH8?Óg14J43SB48?Ñ/Í!89;H8!:<;H3R<3J@A,55I K®89Õ<895:<Î[8?K FH:©Ð’A,3JSFgA,3JÑj:,Ò½FbÍWA,;H8(89ÐB45¹AGFH:<;gÑ :GÕ<89;`R<89J489;gAGFH3:<J@ÑD:,Ò®Î45¹AGFj҈:<;HÐ>rFH1489I8SB@A,55I©A,Î4Î45IFH:3ÐpÎ4589Ðp89JSFH3J4RÐp3R<;gAGFH3:<JMFH:Q:<5¹Ñ9Ö (:<ÐË43J43J4RºFH148?Ñj8ªÐp8FH14:®K4ÑP:,ÒÑj:,Ò½FbÍWA,;H8³5:<J4R<89ÕQ3FbI%Í3FH1 FH148Î4;H3J@Ó3Î458:,ÒA,5ÍWA{I®Ñ ВA,3JSFgA,3J43J4RÌFH148ª:<;H3R<3J@A,5ËQISFH8?ÑbFH;H8?A,Ð>(Í!8Ñj898ªAÌJ489Í Òˆ:<;HÐ :,Ò#Ðp3R<;gAGFH3:<JÊFgA,NQ3J4R Ñj1@A,Î[8<Ö

¦ 4¦

U(­S­Ssq<XyS§©n VX§9_jnhbXa?y¨a?y¼(dr²G«Sdg|ehhbaGa?s[az{dH_hbX¬ d

W143¹Ñ(҈:<B4J@K4AGFH3:<JÍ!:<;HNpÎ[:<3JSFgÑ(FH148©ÍWA{IFH:pAÎ4;gA<ÓrFH3¹Ó9A,5DÐp8FH14:®K¨:,Ò-3ÐpÎ4589Ðp89JSFH3J4R AÜÐp:<;H8)B@Ñj8҈B45MÐp3R<;gAGFH3:<JEÑbFH;gAGFH89R<I<Ö26)3R<;gAGFH3:<J%:<J /8SB48?ÑbFÑj143Ò½FgђFH148³Ë4B4;gK®89JE:,Ò Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕGAGFH3:<JÊ҈;H:<Ð 1@A,J@K®53J4R&ÕGA<ÑbF2SB@A,JSFH3FH38?Ñ:,ÒK®3R<3FgA,5:<Ë®Ôb8?ÓrFgѨFH:%A&Ñj3J4R<58)FH:Q:<5 ҈:<;8?A<Óg1³Ó5¹A<ÑHÑM:,Ò(K4AGFgA’Òˆ:<;HВAGFM3J³FH148A,;gÓg143Õ<8<ÖW143¹ÑFH:Q:<5-;H89J@K®89;gÑMA,55-:,Ò2FH148K®3R<3FgA,5 :<Ë®Ôb8?ÓrFgÑ/A,J@K#3¹Ñ-ВA,3JSFgA,3J48?K :GÕ<89;7FH3Ðp8©Ú·Ñj898

×

(6)

6)3R<;gAGFH3:<J’:<J /8SB48?ÑbFW:!D89;gÑ!Ñj89Õ<89;gA,5@N<89IpË[89J48

×

FgÑ!:GÕ<89;!A FH;gA<K®3FH3:<J@A,5[Ðp3R<;gAGFH3:<J A,Î4Î4;H:SA<Óg1

W148©Ó:®K®8MÍ143¹Óg1¨;H8?A<K4Ñ23JPA,J@K’3JSFH89;HÎ4;H8FgÑ!A#Î@A,;jFH3¹ÓB45¹A,; × 58҈:<;HВAGF!J4898?K¨:<J45IpË[8 3ÐpÎ4589Ðp89JSFH8?KP:<J@Ó8<Ö

5MÑj3J4R’:<J45I¨:<J48©Ðp3R<;gAGFH3:<JPÑbFH89Î3J@Ó;H8?A<Ñj8?Ñ!Ðp3R<;gAGFH3:<JA<Ó9ÓB4;gA<ÓI<Ö

ÉbÑHÑjB48?Ñ:,ÒWA,B®FH1489JSFH3¹Ó3FbIªA,;H8R<;H8?AGFH5I³Ñj3ÐpÎ453× 8?KA<Ñ©APK®3R<3FgA,5:<Ë®Ôb8?ÓrF©3¹Ñ©Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕ<8?K 3J3FgÑ:<;H3R<3J@A,5[҈:<;HÐÖ

W148©Ðp:®K®B45¹A,;K®8?Ñj3R<J:,Ò-AÐp3R<;gAGFH3:<J’FH:Q:<5DВA,N<8?Ñ(FH148©3ÐpÎ4589Ðp89JSFgAGFH3:<JP:,Ò-A j;H8 Õ<89;gÑj3Ë458©Ðp3R<;gAGFH3:<J#FH8?ÑbFÐB@Óg1Ñj3ÐpÎ4589;A,J@KÓg148?A,Î[89;?Ö

W148©Ðp3R<;gAGFH3:<J¨FH:Q:<5`3¹ÑW:<J45IK®89Î45:GI<8?K j:<JP;H8SB48?ÑbF A,J@KPÑj::!D89;gÑWВA<ÑHÑj3Õ<8ÑHA{Õ 3J4RSÑWÍ1489;H8 Ap5¹A,;HR<8JQB4ÐË[89;:,ÒK®3R<3FgA,5`:<Ë®Ôb8?ÓrFgÑA,;H8©Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕ<8?K`Ö

È2Ã-Â4ÈbÄ(ÁÏÄ(ÁWÆ <Â ÄWÄ QÈ(Á

-3R<B4;H8ºÑj14:GÍѨ14:GÍA&6)3R<;gAGFH3:<JÊ:<J /8SB48?ÑbFFH:Q:<5Ë4;H8?A,N®Ñ¨K®:GÍJEFH148ª89589Ðp89JSFgÑ ;H8SB43;H8?KFH:Ðp3R<;gAGFH8APK®3R<3FgA,5/:<Ë®Ôb8?ÓrF?Ö W143¹Ñ©K®8?Ñj3R<Jª3¹Ñ8QFH89J@Ñj3Ë458<>Ñj:PA<Ñ©ÑjB4Î4Î[:<;jFH8?K :<B®FHÎ4B®FP҈:<;HВAGFgÑË[8?Ó:<Ðp8:<Ë@Ñj:<58FH8ªJ489Í:<B®FHÎ4B®F)Ðp:®K®B458?ÑÓ9A,J Ë[8ÜA<K4K®8?K Í3FH14:<B®F 1@A{ÕQ3J4RFH:p;H8eÍ;H3FH8©8®3¹ÑbFH3J4Rp3J4Î4B®FMÐp:®K®B458?Ñ9ÖW143¹ÑÎ4;H:GÕQ3¹K®8?ÑWApВAGÔb:<;Ó:SÑbFÑHA{ÕQ3J4Rp3J Ó:<ÐpÎ@A,;H3¹Ñj:<J¨FH:’AFH;gA<K®3FH3:<J@A,5DÐp3R<;gAGFH3:<JA,Î4Î4;H:SA<Óg1Ö

(7)

4:<;784A,ÐpÎ458<>{A,J#A,;gÓg143Õ<8ВA{I Ó:<JSFgA,3J©FH8QFHB@A,5QK4AGFgA3JAJQB4ÐË[89;-:,Ò4Í!:<;gKÎ4;H:®Ó8?ÑHÑj3J4R ҈:<;HВAGFgÑ9>WÍ143¹Óg1 A,;H8ÑjB¨Ó389JSFH5I Ñj3Ðp35¹A,;҈:<;:<J48Ü6)3R<;gAGFH3:<J :<J /8SB48?ÑbFPFH:Q:<5FH: ÑjB4Î4Î[:<;jFpFH1489ÐÖRSA,3J>/Í!8)Ñj898PВA<ÑHÑj3Õ<8Ó:SÑbF’ÑHA{ÕQ3J4RSÑ:GÕ<89;FH;gA<K®3FH3:<J@A,5WÐp3R<;gAGFH3:<JÖ 6)3R<;gAGFH3:<J%:<J /8SB48?ÑbF’FH:Q:<53¹Ñ’Ð’A,3JSFgA,3J48?K&:GÕ<89;FH3Ðp8)ËQI&A<K4K®3J4RÌJ489ÍÏ:<B®FHÎ4B®F Ðp:®K®B458?ÑA<Ñ#ÑjB4Î4Î[:<;jFH8?KÌ:<B®FHÎ4B®F҈:<;HВAGFgÑ Ë[8?Ó:<Ðp8:<Ë@Ñj:<58FH8<ÖW148?Ñj8¨:<B®FHÎ4B®F҈:<;HВAGFgÑ Ó9A,JË[8WB@Ñj8?KÍ3FH1’A,55QFH148ÑjB4Î4Î[:<;jFH8?K3J4Î4B®F҈:<;HВAGFgÑ9>GÑbFH;H3Î4Î43J4R A{ÍWA{I A,55QFH148WÍWA<ÑbFH8҈B45 3ÐpÎ4589Ðp89JSFgAGFH3:<J;H8?K®B4J@K4A,J@ÓI’Òˆ:<B4J@KP3JFH;gA<K®3FH3:<J@A,5`Ðp3R<;gAGFH3:<JÖ

W148 Ðp:®K®B45¹A,;H3¹Ñj8?KPK®8?Ñj3R<J:,ÒAÐp3R<;gAGFH3:<JFH:Q:<5ВA,N<8?ÑW3FM8?A<Ñj389;!FH:’Ð’A,3JSFgA,3J)A,J@K Î4;H:GÕQ3¹K®8?Ñ©B@Ñ#Í3FH1ºAP҈B4J@ÓrFH3:<J@A,5(;H8?Ó:<;gKª:,ÒWFH148 × 58’Òˆ:<;HВAGF#3JÌÍ143¹Óg1Ì:<B4;#Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕ<8?K K4AGFgA3¹ÑВA,3JSFgA,3J48?K`Ö

<Â4ÈjÁ Â Ä2Ã

W148 A,3ÐÏÍWA<Ñ(FH:pÎ4;H:GÕQ3¹K®8©AÎ4;gA<ÓrFH3¹Ó9A,5[FH8?ÑbF:,Ò/Ap6)3R<;gAGFH3:<J:<J2/8SB48?ÑbFA,Î4Î4;H:SA<Óg1Ö ÑjB@Ó9Ó8?ÑHÑb҈B455I)Í!:<;HNQ3J4R6)3R<;gAGFH3:<J³:<J /8SB48?ÑbF©FH:Q:<5/Í!:<B45¹KªÎ4;H:GÕQ3¹K®8pÑbFH;H:<J4R89ÕQ3¹K®89J@Ó8 FH1@AGFpFH143¹Ñ’A,Î4Î4;H:SA<Óg1º3¹ÑB@Ñj8҈B45}>(A,J@K&A,5¹Ñj:143R<1453R<1SF’A,JQIºK®3¨ÓB45FH38?ÑpÍ143¹Óg1%Ë[8?Ó9A,Ðp8 A,Î4Î@A,;H89JSF#K®B4;H3J4RFH148’3ÐpÎ4589Ðp89JSFgAGFH3:<JÖ7ÉeF#ÍWA<Ñ©3ÐpÎ[:<;jFgA,JSF FH:)ВA,N<8pFH143¹Ñ©FH8?ÑbF1@A,;gK 89J4:<B4R<1³FH:PFH8?A<Ñj8:<B®F©FH148?Ñj8p3ÐpÎ4589Ðp89JSFgAGFH3:<J3¹ÑHÑjB48?Ñ9ÖOQ3J@Ó8pÕ<8?ÓrFH:<;R<;gA,Î4143¹Ó#҈:<;HВAGFgÑ A,;H8’ÑjB¨Ó389JSFH5IÜÓ:<ÐpÎ458ÊڈB4J453N<8pFH8QF:<; Ë43FHВA,ÎÌR<;gA,Î4143¹Ó9ÑgÛr>DFH1489IÍ!89;H8’Óg14:SÑj89JÌA<Ñ FH148¨Òˆ:®ÓB@Ñ#:,ÒWFH143¹Ñ FH8?ÑbF?Ö W143¹Ñ#89J@ÑjB4;H8?Ñ©FH1@AGFFH1486)3R<;gAGFH3:<JÜ:<J /8SB48?ÑbFÑbFH;gAGFH89R<Iª3¹Ñ FH8?ÑbFH8?KFH14:<;H:<B4R<145I’Ë[8҈:<;H8 Î4;H:<R<;H8?ÑHÑj3J4R FH:’:,FH1489;Ó5¹A<ÑHÑj8?Ñ!:,ÒK®3R<3FgA,5`:<Ë®Ôb8?ÓrFgÑ9Ö

(8)

ÑMA,J@K³3¹Ñ Ó:<ÐpÐp:<J45IB@Ñj8?K³Òˆ:<;84Óg1@A,J4R<3J4RPK4AGFgAË[8FbÍ!8989JA,Î4Î453¹Ó9AGFH3:<J@Ñ:<J³FH148 /ÉjO &©OªÎ45¹AGFj҈:<;HÐÖ`ÉuJÜFH1485 AP5:,F#:,ÒW8?K®B@Ó9AGFH3:<J@A,5ВAGFH89;H3¹A,52ÑbFH35528®3¹ÑbFgÑ 3JFH143¹Ñ ҈:<;HВAGF?Ö/O®Ó9A,5¹A,Ë458 8?ÓrFH:<; ;gA,Î4143¹Ó9ÑÚ}O ÛA,;H8¨A³J489Í6 % Ë@A<Ñj8?KÜ҈:<;HВAGFK®89Õ<895 :<Î[8?K¨ËQIpFH148C &>®A,J@K¨3¹Ñ!ВA,3J45I’B@Ñj8?K’Òˆ:<;!Í!89ËPÑj3FH83ВA,R<89;HI<Ö -3R<B4;H8 Ñj14:GÍÑ(14:GÍ A,J):GÕ<89;gÑj3ÐpÎ453× 8?KPÕ<8?ÓrFH:<;K®3¹A,R<;gA,ÐÏ:,Ò2ApÒ·A<Ó83¹Ñ;H89Î4;H8?Ñj89JSFH8?KP3J)FH148?Ñj8#҈:<;HВAGFgÑ9Ö[OQ89Õ 89;gA,5DÕ<8?ÓrFH:<;WR<;gA,Î4143¹Ó9Ñ × 58?Ñ9>®:,Ò-ÕGA,;HIQ3J4RÓ:<ÐpÎ458®3FH38?Ñ9>®Í!89;H8B@Ñj8?K3J:<;gK®89;(FH:FH8?ÑbFFH148 6)3R<;gAGFH3:<J:<J /8SB48?ÑbFWFH:Q:<5}Ö

¦4¦ VpÞ-kSã!_jngmkQn9yQl’&_bdg­<_bdg|udgyGhjnhbXa?yS|~¹a9_Wn|uX¬ ­Ssd!~½n9fgd

(9)

:<J48?Ñ2FH1@AGF(FH148M҈:<;HВAGFWÓ9A,J¨1@A,J@K®58<ÖQÉuJ¨:<;gK®89;2FH:Ðp3J43Ðp3¹Ñj8MFH148©A,Ðp:<B4JSF!:,Ò7Ó:<JQÕ<89;gÑj3:<J ;H:<B®FH3J48?ÑMFH1@AGF#A,;H8J4898?K®8?K`>`AÓg1@A,3Jª:,Ò!Ó:<JQÕ<89;gÑj3:<J@ÑMÓ9A,JªË[8’A,Î4Î4538?KD҈:<;©84A,ÐpÎ458pA ÓB4;HÕ<8?K)Î@AGFH1Ó:<B45¹K)Ë[8’Ó:<JQÕ<89;jFH8?KPFH:AÑbFH;gA,3R<1SFM53J48Î@AGFH1>`A,J@K)FH1489J³FH:AÑj89;H38?ÑM:,Ò 3J@K®3ÕQ3¹K®B@A,5[53J48?Ñ,FH1489;H8M3¹Ñ2J4:,F!J4898?KFH:Ó;H8?AGFH8A#ÑjÎ[8?Ó3¹A,5@;H:<B®FH3J48M:<;(Ó5¹A,B@Ñj8FH:Ó:<JQÕ<89;jF ÓB4;HÕ<8?KÎ@AGFH1@ÑK®3;H8?ÓrFH5I3JSFH:p3J@K®3ÕQ3¹K®B@A,553J48?Ñ9Ö

-Â Ä2Ã -Â ÁMÅ 7ÈbÃ%ÀSÁ(Â Ã MÃ`Â -Â4ÈbÄ(Á

W14823JSFH89;HÐp8?K®3¹AGFH8/҈:<;HВAGFJ4898?K4ÑDFH:89J@Ó:<ÐpÎ@A<ÑHÑ`A,55,FH148҈8?AGFHB4;H8?Ñ`:,ÒSFH14823J4Î4B®F7҈:<;HВAGFgÑ9Ö W1489;H8M3¹Ñ2B@ÑjB@A,55IpÐp:<;H8FH1@A,J¨:<J48MÍWA{IFH:;H89Î4;H8?Ñj89JSF(A,J¨89589Ðp89JSF?>SË4B®FW3F!3¹Ñ(3ÐpÎ[:<;jFgA,JSF FH1@AGFWFH148Ðp8FH14:®K:,Ò7;H89Î4;H8?Ñj89JSFgAGFH3:<J¨K®:Q8?Ñ!J4:,FW5:SÑj8©A,JQIp:,ÒFH148©:<;H3R<3J@A,5[3J®Òˆ:<;HВAGFH3:<JÖ ÉeF Ñj14:<B45¹K³J4:,F©Ë[8pAÎ4;H:<Ë4589Ð Í148FH1489; A,Jª89553Î@Ñj83¹Ñ©K®8?ÑHÓ;H3Ë[8?K)Í3FH1ÜAÓ89JSFH;H8Î[:<3JSF A,J@KÊFH148ªFbÍ!:&;gA<K®33}>!:<;PÍ3FH1 AºË[:<B4J@K®3J4R%Ë[:+`>WA<ѨFH148ªFbÍ!:&Ðp8FH14:®K4ÑA,;H8)FH:,FgA,55I 3JSFH89;gÓg1@A,J4R<8?A,Ë458Ú·Ñj898

×

R<B4;H8 ,ÛrÖ W1483JSFH89;HÐp8?K®3¹AGFH8#҈:<;HВAGF K®:Q8?ÑMJ4:,F©J4898?K)FH:Ó9AGFH89; ҈:<;Ë[:,FH1P҈:<;HВÑW:,Ò/;H89Î4;H8?Ñj89JSFgAGFH3:<JÖ

¦®¦ U(shbdH_byQnhbXz{dl<dg|ufH_bX­<hbXa?yS|(a9~DhbwSdW|bn9¬ ddgssX­S|ud

Ù:GÍ!89Õ<89;?>{FH148;H89Î4;H8?Ñj89JSFgAGFH3:<J:,ÒÑj:<Ðp8:<Ë®Ôb8?ÓrFgÑВA{IË[8MÑj:#K®3¹ÑHÑj3Ðp35¹A,;(3J¨K®3D89;H89JSF ҈:<;HВAGFgÑ-FH1@AGF:<J48WÐp8FH14:®K3JFH148W3JSFH89;HÐp8?K®3¹AGFH8!҈:<;HВAGFÍ3554J4:,F89J@Ó:<ÐpÎ@A<ÑHÑ7FH1489ÐÝA,55 Í3FH14:<B®FK®89R<;gA<K4AGFH3:<JÖW1489;H8҈:<;H8©3FM3¹Ñ53N<895I¨FH1@AGFFH1489;H8#Í355Ë[8Ñj:<Ðp8K®B4Î453¹Ó9AGFH3:<J 3JPFH148 3JSFH89;HÐp8?K®3¹AGFH8҈:<;HВAGF?Ö

4:<;©84A,ÐpÎ458<>7O × 58?Ñ©1@A{Õ<8pAP;H8?ÓrFgA,J4R<5889589Ðp89JSF Í3FH1ÜA;H:<B4J@K®8?Kª8?K®R<8 AGF FH;H3Ë4B®FH8<Ö J¨:<;gK®3J@A,;HI#;H8?ÓrFgA,J4R<58Ó9A,J’Ë[8Î4;H:®K®B@Ó8?KpËQIÑj8FjFH3J4R FH143¹Ñ(AGFjFH;H3Ë4B®FH8FH:989;H:@Ö C 6 × 58?Ñ/1@A{Õ<8!Ë[:,FH1p;H:<B4J@K®8?KA,J@K:<;gK®3J@A,;HI ;H8?ÓrFgA,J4R<58!89589Ðp89JSFgÑ9>,K®8?ÑjÎ43FH8A,5¹Ñj:1@A{Õ 3J4RpFH148#A,Ë4353FbI¨FH:¨Ó;H8?AGFH8©:<;gK®3J@A,;HI¨;H8?ÓrFgA,J4R<58?Ñ!3JFH148#ÑHA,Ðp8©Ð’A,J4J489;MA<ÑO Ö[LM;gA{Í × 58?Ñ2K®:#J4:,F(ÑjB4Î4Î[:<;jF(;H:<B4J@K®8?K;H8?ÓrFgA,J4R<58?ÑG3J@ÑbFH8?A<KpA©Î@AGFH1’:,ÒD53J48?Ñ(A,J@KpÓB4;HÕ<8?Ñ/Í!:<B45¹K Ë[8 J4898?K®8?K`Ö

(10)

Ë4B®F2Î[:SÑHÑj3Ë458<Ö!W143¹Ñ/3¹Ñ[ÔbB@ÑbF(A©Ñj3ÐpÎ45884A,ÐpÎ458WË4B®F/FH148Î[:SÑHÑj3Ë4353FH38?ÑA,;H8!FH;H89Ðp89J@K®:<B@Ñj5I ÍWA<ÑbFH8҈B45}Ö-W148C 6 ª3¹Ñ2Ë@A<Ñj3¹Ó9A,55IA#Ñj3ÐpÎ458Î4;H:<R<;gA,ÐpÐp3J4R©5¹A,J4R<B@A,R<8<>,A,J@KÕ<89;HIÎ[:Q:<;?> 3J48 ¨Ó389JSFÎ4;H:<R<;gA,ВÑ!Ó9A,JPË[8 Í;H3FjFH89JÍ3FH13F?Ö

/8FgA,3J43J4RPA,JQIP:,Ò2FH143¹ÑÑj8989Ðp3J4R<5I;H8?K®B4J@K4A,JSF3J®Òˆ:<;HВAGFH3:<J³Í!:<B45¹K):<J45I)Ñj89;HÕ<8 FH: Ó5B®FjFH89;!FH148©3JSFH89;HÐp8?K®3¹AGFH8M҈:<;HВAGF?><FH1489;H89ËQI’Ð’A,NQ3J4R3FÐp:<;H8Ó:<ÐpÎ458`>Q58?ÑHÑ!3JSFHB43FH3Õ<8<> A,J@K’3J@Ó;H8?A<Ñj3J4R FH148;H3¹ÑjN:,Ò7Ë4B4RSÑ(:<;(3J@Ó:<ÐpÎ@AGFH3Ë4353FH38?Ñ2FH1@AGFA,;H81@A,;gKpFH:#FH;gA<ÓgNpK®:GÍJÖ ÉeFÑj8989ВÑ;H8?A<Ñj:<J@A,Ë458<>FH1489;H8҈:<;H8<>(FH1@AGFÑjB@Óg1 89589Ðp89JSFgÑPA,;H8³J4:,FPВA<K®8ªÎ@A,;jFP:,Ò FH148 3JSFH89;HÐp8?K®3¹AGFH8҈:<;HВAGFA,J@KPA,;H8©K®8?A,5FÍ3FH1A,J@KÓ:<JQÕ<89;jFH8?K’3JSFH:’Ðp:<;H8©ÑjB43FgA,Ë458©;H89Î4;H8 Ñj89JSFgAGFH3:<J@ÑËQIFH148C 6 3J4Î4B®F!Ðp:®K®B458<Ö W14853Ðp3FgAGFH3:<J¨:,ÒDFH143¹Ñ(A,Î4Î4;H:SA<Óg1Í!:<B45¹KpË[8 FH1@AGF;H89Õ<89;gÑj3Ë458Ðp3R<;gAGFH3:<J:,Ò/C 6 /ÑÍ!:<B45¹KË[8?Ó:<Ðp8 3ÐpÎ[:SÑHÑj3Ë458<Ö

! ! " #$%

W148’LM;gA{Í Òˆ:<;HВAGF©Ðp8?A<ÑjB4;H8?ÑÕGA,5B48?Ñ©3J &©O³B4J43FgÑ¨Ú & GFH1³:,ÒWA,J3J@Óg1[Ûr>ÑbFH:<;H8?KA<Ñ × ®8?K’Î[:<3JSF +eË43F(JQB4ÐË[89;gÑ(Í3FH1A,J #Ë43F!҈;gA<ÓrFH3:<J@A,5@Î@A,;jF?ÖSC 6 /Ñ(:!D89;WAÓg14:<3¹Ó8:,Ò B4J43FgÑ҈:<;©A’ÕGA,5B48<>[Í143¹Óg1)3¹ÑÑbFH:<;H8?K3J ’Ë43FgÑ9Ö 4B4;jFH1489;HÐp:<;H8<>[A,J³:!`Ñj8FA,J@K³ÑHÓ9A,53J4R Ó9A,J#Ë[8WA,Î4Î4538?K`ÖGO ÊJQB4ÐË[89;gÑ7A,;H8(Í;H3FjFH89JA<Ñ-AMÑbFH;H3J4R:,ÒO(ÉjÉ7Óg1@A,;gA<ÓrFH89;gÑ9>B@ÑjB@A,55I 3JË@A<Ñj804Ö

!A,;H8PJ4898?K4ÑFH:ÜË[8FgA,N<89J%Í1489JÊÑbFH:<;H3J4RÜÑjB@Óg1%JQB4ÐË[89;gÑp3J%Ðp89Ðp:<;HI<Ö2;H;H:<;gÑ3J Î4;H8?Ó3¹Ñj3:<JPÓ9A,J:®Ó9ÓB4;WÍ1489JJQB4ÐË[89;gÑA,;H8©ÑbFH:<;H8?K3JA @:SAGFH3J4RpÎ[:<3JSF;H89Î4;H8?Ñj89JSFgAGFH3:<J> Î@A,;jFH3¹ÓB45¹A,;H5IÜÍ1489JÊÑbFH:<;H3J4R84Ó89ήFH3:<J@A,55IÜ5¹A,;HR<8P:<;pÑjВA,55JQB4ÐË[89;gÑ9ÖÙ:GÍ!89Õ<89;?>7FH148 ;gA,J4R<8 :,Ò

×

®8?K)Î[:<3JSFMJQB4ÐË[89;gÑ3¹ÑÐp:<;H8Ó:<J@ÑbFH;gA,3J48?KA,J@K)Ó9A,J³Ó9A,B@Ñj8#R<;H8?AGFH89;3ÐpÎ4;H8 Ó3¹Ñj3:<JP89;H;H:<;gÑ9>QB@ÑjB@A,55I’FH14;H:<B4R<1FH;HB4J@Ó9AGFH3:<JP:,Ò7FH148©Òˆ;gA<ÓrFH3:<J@A,5`Î@A,;jF?Ö

W1489;H8A,;H8ВA,JQIpK®3D89;H89JSF(B4J43FgÑ(:,Ò`Ðp8?A<ÑjB4;H89Ðp89JSF2FH1@AGF!Ó:<B45¹KpË[8MB@Ñj8?K(' 3J@Óg148?Ñ9> Ðp3553Ðp8FH;H8?Ñ9>GÎ43®895¹Ñ9>GA,J@KÑj::<JÖ!W148?Ñj8!ÕGA,5B48?Ñ-J4898?K#FH:Ë[8WN<89ήF/3JFH14893;:<;H3R<3J@A,5SB4J43FgÑ Òˆ:<;A<ÑW5:<J4R’A<ÑWÎ[:SÑHÑj3Ë458<>4Ñj3J@Ó8 B4J4J48?Ó8?ÑHÑHA,;HI¨Ó:<JQÕ<89;gÑj3:<JÓ:<B45¹K5:SÑj8 A<Ó9ÓB4;gA<ÓI<Ö

ÉuJº:<B4;p6)3R<;gAGFH3:<JÌ:<J /8SB48?ÑbFFH:Q:<5WAªÑbFH;HB@ÓrFHB4;H83¹ÑK®8 × J48?KÌFH:ÑbFH:<;H8A³B4J43Fp:,Ò Ðp8?A<ÑjB4;H89Ðp89JSF/A,J@KAMÕGA,5B48©Ú·A<Ñ-893FH1489;A,J3JSFH89R<89;-:<;@:SAGFH3J4RÎ[:<3JSF/JQB4ÐË[89;rÛrÖ 2A,;H3:<B@Ñ ÒˆB4J@ÓrFH3:<J@ÑMÓ9A,J8QFH;gA<ÓrFFH148#ÕGA,5B48#3J³K®3D89;H89JSFB4J43FgÑ9Ö W148#K®8?Ñj3R<J)Ó:<B45¹KR<:¨Ñj:pÒ·A,;MA<Ñ FH:Ñj3ÐB45¹AGFH8ÕGA,;H3:<B@ÑJQB4ÐË[89;(;H89Î4;H8?Ñj89JSFgAGFH3:<J@Ñ/3FgÑj895Òb>QÑjB@Óg1¨A<Ñ A,J@K Ë43F!3JSFH89R<89;gÑ9> 89Õ<89J#O(ÉjÉ7ÑbFH;H3J4RSÑ9ÖW143¹Ñ7Í!:<B45¹K©;H8SB43;H8(A5:,F-:,ҮВAGFH1@Ñ7;H:<B®FH3J48?Ñ`FH:Ë[8(3ÐpÎ4589Ðp89JSFH8?K ËQI1@A,J@K`>?ÑjB@Óg1#A<Ñ7A<K4K®3FH3:<J#A,J@K©ÐB45FH3Î453¹Ó9AGFH3:<J>?Î[89;H1@A,Î@Ñ`89Õ<89J#Ñ SB@A,;H8;H:Q:,F҈B4J@ÓrFH3:<J@Ñ9Ö

) * Ã QÈ,+ È2Ã-Â4ÈbÄ(Á

W148#;H89Õ<89;gÑj3Ë458©Ðp3R<;gAGFH3:<JPFH8?ÑbFÓ:<ÐpÎ@A,;H8?ÑApÐp3R<;gAGFH8?KPÕ<89;gÑj3:<JP:,Ò/FH148K®3R<3FgA,5:<Ë®Ôb8?ÓrF FH:³FH148P:<;H3R<3J@A,5(K®3R<3FgA,5!:<Ë®Ôb8?ÓrF?Ö W143¹Ñ3¹ÑK®:<J48ËQIÜÐp3R<;gAGFH3J4R)FH148Ðp3R<;gAGFH8?KÌÕ<89;gÑj3:<J Ë@A<ÓgN3JSFH:pFH148#:<;H3R<3J@A,5D҈:<;HВAGF?>@Ñj898

×

(11)

;H89Õ<89;gÑj3Ë4353FbIÐB@ÑbF!Ë[8ВA<K®8<ÖSÉeFÑj8989ВÑ2B4J453N<895IFH1@AGF!FH148;H89J@K®89;H3J4RÑbFH;HB@ÓrFHB4;H8҈:<B4J@K 3JÌC 6 Í355!A,5¹Ñj:)A,Î4Î[8?A,;#3JÜ҈B®FHB4;H8¨Õ<8?ÓrFH:<; R<;gA,Î4143¹Ó҈:<;HВAGFgÑ9>7Ñj:)3FÑj8989Ð’Ñ 5:<R<3¹Ó9A,5 J4:,FMFH:ÑjB4Î4Î[:<;jFMFH143¹ÑMÑbFbIQ581489;H8<ÖO(ÉjÉW҈:<;HВAGFgÑMÑjB@Óg1³A<ÑO Ý;gA,3¹Ñj8#A,J³3JSFH89;H8?ÑbFH3J4R SB@A,J@K4A,;HI<ÖW148A,Ðp:<B4JSF!:,Ò7Í143FH8©ÑjÎ@A<Ó8ڈJ489Í 53J48?Ñ9>®ÑjÎ@A<Ó8?Ñ(8FgÓ?Û23¹Ñ(3;H;H89589ÕGA,JSF(FH:FH148 3J®Òˆ:<;HВAGFH3:<JpÑbFH:<;H8?K3JFH148 × 58<>,Ë4B®F23¹Ñ:,Ò½FH89JpB@Ñj8?K#FH:©3J@K®89JSF2J48?ÑbFH8?K3FH89ВÑ:<;/FH: Ñj89Î@A ;gAGFH8K®3D89;H89JSF!Ñj8?ÓrFH3:<J@Ñ/FH:#89J@A,Ë4581QB4ВA,Jp;H8?A<K4A,Ë4353FbI<Ö 4:<;FH;HB48;H89Õ<89;gÑj3Ë458WÐp3R<;gAGFH3:<J ڈB@Ñj3J4RA HK®3)FH:Q:<5½Ûr>FH143¹ÑÍ143FH8PÑjÎ@A<Ó8¨Í!:<B45¹KÌA,5¹Ñj:³1@A{Õ<8pFH:ªË[8Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕ<8?K3JÌFH148 3JSFH89;HJ@A,5`҈:<;HВAGF?Ö5FH89;HJ@AGFH3Õ<895IPA’Î@A,;gÑj3J4RpFH:Q:<5-Ó:<B45¹KPË[8B@Ñj8?KPFH:¨;H89Ðp:GÕ<8FH143¹ÑJ4:<J 8?ÑHÑj89JSFH3¹A,573J®Òˆ:<;HВAGFH3:<J³Ë[8҈:<;H8A,Î4Î45IQ3J4R¨FH148 HK®3¨FH8?ÑbF?ÖD6)3R<;gAGFH3:<J):<J³;H8SB48?ÑbF©Ó89; FgA,3J45IВA,N<8?Ñ/FH14814:<5IR<;gA,35 :,Ò`;H89Õ<89;gÑj3Ë458WÐp3R<;gAGFH3:<Jp8?A<Ñj389;FH:#;H8?A<Óg1FH1@A,J’FH14;H:<B4R<1 Ó:<JQÕ<89JSFH3:<J@A,5DÐp3R<;gAGFH3:<J¨FH8?Óg14J43SB48?Ñ9Ö

¦4¦ v/wSdW_bdgz{dH_b|uXtSXsXh}qhbdg|eh

jÈÁMÇ Ä(ÁºÃ@È(ÈjÁ *ÈjÅ 7ÁMÇ

CE1489JpK®89Õ<895:<Î43J4RMFH148!FH:Q:<5}>G3FÍWA<Ñ78?ÑHÑj89JSFH3¹A,5SFH:©ÕQ389ÍÌFH148W:<B®FHÎ4B®F҈;H:<Ð FH148WÐp3R<;gAGFH3:<J FH:Q:<5®3J’AR<;gA,Î4143¹Ó9ÑA,Î4Î453¹Ó9AGFH3:<Jڈ;gAGFH1489;-FH1@A,J’A

×

588?K®3FH:<;rÛr><A,J@KÓ:<ÐpÎ@A,;H8(FH143¹ÑÍ3FH1’A ;H89J@K®89;H3J4R#:,Ò`FH148M:<;H3R<3J@A,5 × 58<Ö Ñj3ÐpÎ458MÕQ3¹ÑjB@A,5DÓg148?ÓgNÍWA<Ñ2B@Ñj8?KpFH:Ó:<J × ;HÐÝÍ148FH1489; 89589Ðp89JSFgÑ1@A<K©Ðp3R<;gAGFH8?K©Î4;H:<Î[89;H5I<Ö5FH14:<B4R<1#J4:,F7Î@A,;jFH3¹ÓB45¹A,;H5IA<Ó9ÓB4;gAGFH8<>rFH143¹ÑÐp8FH14:®K A,55:GÍ!8?K¨:<ËQÕQ3:<B@Ñ!89;H;H:<;gÑ(FH:pË[8 3¹K®89JSFH3× 8?K2SB43¹ÓgNQ5I<Ö

(12)

A,Ðp3J48#8?A<Óg1 × 58#ВA,JQB@A,55IFH:K®8FH89;HÐp3J48#Í1@AGFM3FÍ!:<B45¹K5:Q:<N53N<8<>@Ë4B®FM҈:<;M5¹A,;HR<8 :<; Ó:<ÐpÎ458 × 58?ÑWFH143¹ÑÍ!:<B45¹KË[8#A,JA,;gK®B4:<B@Ñ(FgA<ÑjNDÖ

&MJ@Ó8©FH148#Ðp3R<;gAGFH3:<JFH:Q:<5-Ó9A,JË[8Ñj14:GÍJPFH:’Ë[8Í!:<;HNQ3J4RpÓ:<;H;H8?ÓrFH5I<>®FH148#J4898?KP҈:<; ÑjB@Óg1¨89ÕQ3¹K®89J@Ó8M3¹Ñ(58?ÑHÑ(J48?Ó8?ÑHÑHA,;HI<>,Ë4B®FÑbFH355[;H89589ÕGA,JSF?Ö%7AGFH89;(Ðp:®K®3× Ó9AGFH3:<J@Ñ2FH:#FH148FH:Q:<5 Í!:<B45¹KÌ;H8SB43;H8A,55(FH148PÐp:®K®B458?Ñ#FH:ªË[8FH8?ÑbFH8?K&A,RSA,3JÜ҈:<;pA,JQIÜK®3¹ÑHÓ;H89Î@A,J@Ó38?Ñ#3JºFH148 Ðp3R<;gAGFH3:<JÖ®OQB@Óg1Ðp:®K®3× Ó9AGFH3:<JÐp3R<1SFWË[8<>S҈:<;!84A,ÐpÎ458<>®A<K4K®3J4RJ489ÍE҈8?AGFHB4;H8?Ñ(FH:FH148 3JSFH89;HÐp8?K®3¹AGFH8P҈:<;HВAGFpFH:ÌÑjB4Î4Î[:<;jF¨AJ489Í 3J4Î4B®F¨Ðp:®K®B458<Ö2ÕQ3¹K®89J@Ó8:,Ò A,J%:<;H3R<3J@A,5 ;H89J@K®89;H3J4R:,Ò-FH8?ÑbF

×

58?ÑWÍ!:<B45¹KA,RSA,3JË[8 B@Ñj8҈B451489;H8<>®Î[89;H1@A,Î@ÑWÕQ3¹A89ÐB45¹AGFH3:<JÖ 5MÑj3J4RÌFH148ª:<;H3R<3J@A,5A,Î4Î453¹Ó9AGFH3:<J@ѨJ4898?KEJ4:,FPË[8³FH148ª:<J45IÊÍWA{IºFH:%A<ÓSB43;H8)FH143¹Ñ 89ÕQ3¹K®89J@Ó8 /ÑHÓ;H8989J@Ñj14:,FgÑ9>Í;H3FjFH89J&K®:®ÓB4Ðp89JSFgÑ9>78FgÓ,>/A,;H8¨:,FH1489;B@Ñj8҈B45WÑj:<B4;gÓ8?Ñ9Ö"W148?Ñj8 ;H8?Ñj:<B4;gÓ8?Ñ#ВA{IºA,5¹Ñj:ª1@A{Õ<8¨FH:Ë[8PÎ4;H8?Ñj89;HÕ<8?KºA<Ñ#FH3Ðp8Î@A<ÑHÑj8?Ñ9Ö-ÉuÐpÎ4589Ðp89JSFgAGFH3:<J&:,ÒA 6)3R<;gAGFH3:<J³:<J4/8SB48?ÑbF©FH:Q:<5Ñj14:<B45¹K³Ë[8’K®:<J48Í1489J³FH148҈:<;HВAGF©3¹Ñ©ÑbFH3553JAB@ÑHA,Ë458 ҈:<;HÐA,J@KÑjB@Óg189ÕQ3¹K®89J@Ó8Ó9A,JË[8WRSAGFH1489;H8?K`Ö!W143¹Ñ/8?Óg14:Q8?Ñ/Ù:<5¹K4ÑjÍ!:<;jFH1A,J@KCE148?AGFH589I®Ñ :<Ë@Ñj89;HÕGAGFH3:<J@Ñ!:<JFH148©FH3Ðp8953J48?ÑHÑ:,Ò/89ÐB45¹AGFH3:<J҈:<;Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕGAGFH3:<J4*,eÖ

*(Ä jÆÂ4ÈbÄ(Á Ä ’È Ä2à -Â

ÉuJÜ:<;gK®89;©FH:)Î4;H89Î@A,;H8’A,JQI6)3R<;gAGFH3:<J:<J./8SB48?ÑbF FH:Q:<5¹Ñ©Òˆ:<;©FH148’ÒˆB®FHB4;H8<>-ÑbFHB@K®Iª3JSFH: FH;H89J@K4Ñp:,Ò K4AGFgAªÒˆ:<;HВAGFgÑ3¹Ñ’J4898?K®8?K`Ö 8?ÓrFH:<;’R<;gA,Î4143¹Ó9ÑB@Ñj8?KºFH:ÌË[8PFH148)Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕ<8P:,Ò K®8?Ñj3R<JÊA,J@K&Î4B4Ë453¹Ñj143J4R@>2Ë4B®F¨3F’3¹Ñ¨A;H8?A<Ñj:<J@A,Ë458PA<ÑHÑjB4ÐpήFH3:<J&FH1@AGF¨3JÊAªÒˆ89Í I<8?A,;gÑ FH14893; Ðp:SÑbF Í3¹K®8?ÑjÎ4;H8?A<KªK®89Î45:GIQÐp89JSF Í3552Ë[8p:<JªFH148’C:<;H5¹KªCE3¹K®8pC89ËÖ7LM8?Ñj3R<J489;gÑ :,Ò`Ðp3R<;gAGFH3:<JFH:Q:<5¹Ñ2Ñj14:<B45¹KpÓ:<J@Ó89JSFH;gAGFH8:<J’Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕQ3J4R҈8?AGFHB4;H8?Ñ/FH1@AGF!A,;H8Ðp:SÑbF(53N<895I FH:’Ë[8 B@Ñj8?K3JP҈B®FHB4;H8#K®89Õ<895:<Î4Ðp89JSFgÑW:,Ò7FH14893;҈:<;HВAGFR<89J4;H8?Ñ9Ö

W148¨K®89Õ<895:<Î4Ðp89JSF#:,ÒW:<Î[89JºÑbFgA,J@K4A,;gK4Ñ©3¹Ñ 3JSFH89;H8?ÑbFH3J4R@ÖÉeÒWFH148’FH;H89J@K3¹Ñ©FH:ªK®8 × J48 A,J@K³Òˆ:<55:GÍÑbFgA,J@K4A,;gK4Ñ9>[FH1489JÌÓg14:Q:SÑj3J4RPA,J3JSFH89;HJ@A,5/҈:<;HВAGF Ñj3Ðp35¹A,;FH::<J48p:,Ò(FH148?Ñj8 ÑbFgA,J@K4A,;gK4ÑÍ!:<B45¹KºË[8³AÜÑj89J@Ñj3Ë458PÍWA{IÜ҈:<;HÍWA,;gK`Ö2O Ñj8989ВђAªR<:Q:®K&Ë@A<Ñj3¹Ñ҈:<;pFH148 3JSFH89;HÐp8?K®3¹AGFH8©Òˆ:<;HВAGF3J)ApÕ<8?ÓrFH:<;Ðp3R<;gAGFH3:<JFH:Q:<5}Ö5J®Òˆ:<;jFHB4J@AGFH895I3FÑj8989ВÑWB4J453N<895I FH1@AGF;H895IQ3J4RÌ:<J ÑbFgA,J@K4A,;gK4ђÍ355MË[8ªÑjB¨Ó389JSF¨FH:º89J@ÑjB4;H8)Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕGAGFH3:<JÖ W148³J4898?K FH:ÜВA,3JSFgA,3JÊAÜÓ:<ÐpÐp89;gÓ3¹A,5A<K®ÕGA,JSFgA,R<8:GÕ<89;’Ó:<ÐpÎ[8FH3FH:<;gÑp1@A<ÑpÐp8?A,JSF’3J&FH148)Î@A<ÑbF FH1@AGFpÑbFgA,J@K4A,;gK4Ñ#A,;H8’8QFH89J@K®8?KÌ:<;#J4:,FpA<K®1489;H8?KªFH:@>/Ù 6 %EË[893J4RA³Ó9A<Ñj8’3JºÎ[:<3JSF?Ö C8#1@A{Õ<8©FH:A<Ó9Ó89ήFFH1@AGF©ÑbFgA,J@K4A,;gK4ÑÓ9A,J³Óg1@A,J4R<8©:GÕ<89;FH3Ðp8A,J@KÍ355-AGFÑj:<Ðp8 Î[:<3JSF Ë[8?Ó:<Ðp8:<Ë@Ñj:<58FH8<Ö 4:<;jFHB4J@AGFH895I¨A6)3R<;gAGFH3:<J¨:<J /8SB48?ÑbFÑbFH;gAGFH89R<I’Ó9A,JË[89J48

×

FW҈;H:<Ð FH148¨ÑbFgA,Ë4353FbIªA,J@Kª5:<J4R<89ÕQ3FbI³:,Ò!:<Î[89JÌÑbFgA,J@K4A,;gK4ÑË4B®F#3¹Ñ©J4:,F FH38?KªFH:PFH1489ÐÖÉeF#ÐB@ÑbF A,5¹Ñj:Ë[8 ;H89Ðp89ÐË[89;H8?K¨FH1@AGFMA҈:<;HВAGFW3¹ÑJ4:,FJ48?Ó8?ÑHÑHA,;H35I¨AR<:Q:®KK®8?Ñj3R<JÔbB@ÑbFË[8?Ó9A,B@Ñj8 3F3¹ÑApÑbFgA,J@K4A,;gK®3¹Ñj8?K’Òˆ:<;HВAGF#*-,eÖ

* jÆ -Â4ÈbÄ(Á

(13)

/8SB48?ÑbF?Ö&M;gK®89;H3J4R:,Ò`K4AGFgA89589Ðp89JSFgÑ9>,J4:<J uÓ;H3FH3¹Ó9A,5®3J®Òˆ:<;HВAGFH3:<JpA,J@KÐB45FH3Î458Ðp8FH1 :®K4Ñ#:,ÒW;H89Î4;H8?Ñj89JSFH3J4RFH148ÑHA,Ðp8¨K4AGFgA)A,;H8’Î4;H:<Ë4589Ð’Ñ 53N<895IªFH:)Ë[889J@Ó:<B4JSFH89;H8?KªÍ3FH1 Ðp:SÑbFK4AGFgA҈:<;HВAGFgÑ9>QB@Ñj3J4R¨A,JQI’Ðp3R<;gAGFH3:<JÑbFH;gAGFH89R<I<Ö

W148!3ÐpÎ4589Ðp89JSFgAGFH3:<JÍ!:<;HN Ñj14:GÍ!8?K©FH1@AGF/FH148!3J43FH3¹A,54K®89Õ<895:<Î4Ðp89JSF/:,Ò[A6)3R<;gAGFH3:<J :<J /8SB48?ÑbFFH:Q:<53¹ÑJ4:,FM:GÕ<89;H5I’5¹A,Ë[:<;H3:<B@Ñ:<;Ó:SÑbFH5I<Ö &MÕ<89;A’Ñj14:<;jFFH:¨Ðp8?K®3B4ÐÏFH89;HÐ Î[89;H3:®K6)3R<;gAGFH3:<J’:<J /8SB48?ÑbFÑj14:<B45¹K’:!D89;!ВAGÔb:<;!Ó:SÑbFWÑHA{ÕQ3J4RSÑ23JPÓ:<ÐpÎ@A,;H3¹Ñj:<JpFH:A FH;gA<K®3FH3:<J@A,5`Ðp3R<;gAGFH3:<JPÑbFH;gAGFH89R<I<>®89Õ<89JPÍ1489;H8 ÑbFgA,J@K4A,;gK%&{:<Î[89J¨Òˆ:<;HВAGFgÑA,;H8B®FH353¹Ñj8?K`Ö

¿ Ä(ÁMÇ jÆ QÈbÄ(Á

W148'$M6)3%"'&)(ÌÎ4;H:,Ôb8?ÓrF1@A<Ñ7K®89Õ<895:<Î[8?K©A6)3R<;gAGFH3:<J©:<J /8SB48?ÑbFFH:Q:<5<Í143¹Óg1#Ñj14:GÍÑ FH1@AGFAÎ4;H8?Ñj89;HÕGAGFH3:<JÑbFH;gAGFH89R<I³:,Ò(FH143¹Ñ#NQ3J@KÜÓ9A,JÍ!:<;HN³3JÌAPÎ4;gA<ÓrFH3¹Ó9A,589JQÕQ3;H:<J4Ðp89JSF?Ö 6)3R<;gAGFH3:<Jª:<J /8SB48?ÑbF#Î4;H:GÕQ3¹K®8?Ñ©AÐp:<;H8’A<Ó9ÓB4;gAGFH8pA,J@KÓ:SÑbF 8D8?ÓrFH3Õ<8¨ÑbFH;gAGFH89R<I҈:<; Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕQ3J4RK®3R<3FgA,5D:<Ë®Ôb8?ÓrFgÑ(FH1@A,J¨FH;gA<K®3FH3:<J@A,5DÐp3R<;gAGFH3:<JÖ3!8?Ó9A,B@Ñj8©6)3R<;gAGFH3:<J¨:<J /8 SB48?ÑbF;H89538?Ñ:<J)FH148Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕGAGFH3:<J:,Ò/FH148:<;H3R<3J@A,5ËQISFH8?ÑbFH;H8?A,Ð :,Ò(A¨K®3R<3FgA,57:<Ë®Ôb8?ÓrF3F Ó9A,J8D8?ÓrFH3Õ<895I³Í!:<;HN³A,5:<J4RSÑj3¹K®8A,J89ÐB45¹AGFH3:<JÜÑbFH;gAGFH89R<I<ÖDÉeÒ!:<Î[89JÌÑj:<B4;gÓ889ÐB45¹AGFH3:<J A,J@K6)3R<;gAGFH3:<J’:<J /8SB48?ÑbF(FH:Q:<5¹Ñ!Ë[8?Ó:<Ðp8A{ÕGA,35¹A,Ë458<>QAK®3R<3FgA,5D;H89Î[:SÑj3FH:<;HIpÓ9A,J¨8D8?Ó FH3Õ<895Iª:!D89;#K®3D89;H89JSF#ÍWA{I®Ñ©:,ÒW;H89J@K®89;H3J4RP3FgÑK®3R<3FgA,5ВAGFH89;H3¹A,5¹Ñ AGFAPÕ<89;HI³5:GÍÝÓ:SÑbF?Ö W148©FH3Ðp8 3¹Ñ;H3R<1SFWFH:pÐp:GÕ<8҈:<;HÍWA,;gK’Òˆ;H:<Ð FH148 bFH143J4NQ3J4R FH:FH148 HK®:<3J4R pA,J@KÎ4;H:! ÕQ3¹K®8©FH148©Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕGAGFH3:<JPÓ:<ÐpÐB4J43FbIÍ3FH1Í!8955K®8?Ñj3R<J48?K`>®Ë4B®FMÓ:SÑbF8D8?ÓrFH3Õ<8©FH:Q:<5¹Ñ!҈:<; FH148 Î4;H8?Ñj89;HÕGAGFH3:<J:,ÒK®3R<3FgA,5`ВAGFH89;H3¹A,5¹Ñ9Ö

Ã7ÁMÇ

¯v/wSdMT/UWVXY[Z-\!]E^`_bacedgfHh!wGhuhb­rmmm¯|uX½¯«S¬ Xfjw@¯drl<«?T/UWVäeY[Z-\!]

€G¯v[dg|ehbt®drl ãWX§?Xhjn9sd o-dHmn_bXyS§)VX§9_jnhbXa?yPT-a?yGhbdH°,hEn9yQl T-«<_u_bdgyGh Ghjnhb«S|·€ à?à wGhuhb­rmmm¯l<X§?Xhjn9sdrl<«S«<_rn?n9¬ wSdgXl4¯ySstSXtSsXa9hbwSdgdg±?VX§9_jnhbXa?y@¯­4l,~

â

¯T-drlSn_b| !«SXl<dv[aSãWX§?Xhjn9s[^`_bdg|udH_bz?nhbXa?yGhu_jnhbdg§?Xdg|·€ à?à

€

wGhuhb­rmmm¯sdgdrl<|g¯n9f?¯«S±fgdrlSn_b|§?«SXl<dHhba9l<­S|ehu_jnhbdg§?Xdg|

¯ wSdrnhbsdHqGk©^#VX§9_jnhbXa?y µn T/UWVXY[Z-\!]+l<X|ufg«S|u|uXa?y ­Qn9­®dH_U2_bXn?l<ySd ·€ à?à wGhuhb­rmmm¯n_bXn?l<ySd?¯n9f?¯«S±X|u|u«Sd€



frn9¬ Xsdga?y

á

¯!a?sl<|em/a9_uhbw@krãªn9yQl,dH_b§?drn9yGhrkrãVUtSs«Sdg­<_bXyGh4~¹a9_D¼(dg­<_bdg|udgyGhjnhbXa?yä}y<~¹a9_b¬#nhbXa?yXyWhbwSd \(U(äuVa,l<dgs r??! wGhuhb­rmmm¯­®dH_b|ua?yQn9s½¯sdgdrl<|g¯n9f?¯«S±"!dgfgsl<wfgdrlSn_b|Xdgdgd à?à ¯wGhb¬ s # ¯!a?sl<|em/a9_uhbw@k`ãn9yQl wSdrnhbsdHqGk^Z¬«SsnhbXa?y@k`^`_bdg|udH_bz?nhbXa?yªn9yQl)U(tS|ehu_jn9fHhbXa?y@¯`¼!Y

ãWX§?ySdHm2| %$ wGhuhb­rmmm¯_bs§<¯a9_b§­<_bdg|udH_bz9l<X§?XySdHm2|9l<X§{XySdHm(|

á

µ

¯wGhb¬ sß~¹drnhb«<_bd€

&

¯T-a?yS|u«SshjnhbXz{d T-a?¬ ¬ Xhuhbdgd ~¹a9_ ,­Qn9fgd ãnhjn Gq<|ehbdg¬ |' ¼(dH~¹dH_bdgySfgd ¬ a,l<dgs ~¹a9_ n9y \!­®dgy U2_bfjwSXz?n9s ä}y<~¹a9_b¬#nhbXa?y Gq<|ehbdg¬ ·\(U(äu ·€ à?à wGhuhb­rmmm¯fgfg|bl<|g¯a9_b§9l<aGfg«S¬ dgyGhb|­4l,~(?TT,ãGµ

#{á9à

¯

à

µ·¼2µe€G¯­4l,~

)

¯ WÞ`Þ ÞSa9_b¬#nh’,«S¬ ¬#n_uq%/VXfH_ba?|ua9~h XyQl<arm2|¨VdHhjn¾Qsd)\M»¼(dgXssq4»|pZySfHq<fgsa?­®drl<Xn³a9~ (_jn9­SwSXfg|!ÞDXsdÞSa9_b¬#nhb|

wGhuhb­rmmm¯a9_bdgXssqG¯fga?¬*fgdgyGhbdH_b|§9´+r~¹a9_b¬#nhb|¬ Xfg¬ dHhjn!9l<arm2ySsa{n?l4¯wGhb¬



¯,½¼(äuST%\

^`_ba?§9_jn9¬ ¬ dH_b|!¼(dH~¹dH_bdgySfgd Vpn9y,«Qn9s-@U(fga9_byPT-a?¬ ­S«<hbdH_b|Wv[dgfjwSySXfrn9s^«StSsXfrnµ hbXa?yS| r?

rà ¯ a9_bsl Xl<d dgtPT-a?yS|ua9_uhbX«S¬.D,frn9sn9tSsd 7dgfHhba9_(_jn9­SwSXfg|/· 0 ¯à ,­®dgfgX¾QfrnhbXa?y ,dg­<hbdg¬t®dH_ ·€

à?à

wGhuhb­rmmm¯m

â

¯a9_b§9v/¼?

References

Related documents

In this paper, we introduce new ideas in control theory to the signal control of urban traffic networks, and then present methods of designing the state-feedback control law,

One of the more interesting and parallel findings from IDPH’s Illinois Rural Health Plan report is that Illinois rural hospitals were becoming increasingly outpatient-oriented

The learned counsel submitted that the cause of action for filing the consumer complaint had arisen in Lucknow because it was the Lucknow Branch of the LIC, which had issued

SCOPIC rates with 50% uplift, out-of-pocket expenses at cost plus 15% 1.5 times retail price cap included, and 50% standby rate if not used New York Arbitration.. (3) Category 3

The network answers with an immediate assignment message on the AGCH (Access Grant Channel) indicating the SDCCH (Standalone Dedicated Control Channel) number to

Since PPFs adjacent to this Project will benefit equally from the mitigation that is proposed to be installed at the onset (i.e. low noise road surface), we have not split the

While exploring these studies, the data revealed five major findings: A.) on both a district and teacher level, preparation is key to the successful implementation of a

The results indicate that the starting solution for heuristic HFEAS(o) strongly affects the quality of the final solution. In general, heuristic HFEASCCPM) produces solutions that