PLATE I
A YOUNG HAND-REARED FAIRY PENGUIN
This young bird, deserted by h i s parents ( W 0 and W1)
i n December 1959, was found starving when 21 days old, removed from h i s nest and taken t o be reared i n c a p t i v i t y among c a t s and dogs.
a A t t h e f l e d g l i n g stage.
. .
.
'-.:?. . <'.,:, .~ . .i b
PLATE
I1BURROWS
AT
THE NECK STUDY AREAa A t y p i c a l burrow 1.5m deep, with a row of closely spaced bracken s t a l k s placed across t h e entrance t o ensure t h a t any e n t r y could immediately be detected.
PLATE I11
A BANDED ADULT MALE,
Nh13
This b i r d , an unsuccessful breeder i n 1961-62,, was captured a t night when a r r i v i n g f o r t h e moult on 7.ii.62, then placed i n a cage t o be examined, weighed and
PLATE IV
USES OF THE TWO LABORATORY TENPS
a
Two banded s i b l i n g chicks kiss-preening. Thephotograph, taken i n s i d e one of the laboratory t e n t s on
31
.i.62, when they were 53 and54
days o l dr e s p e c t i v e l y , shows t h e r i g h t f l i p p e r band and r i g h t l e g band (single, wide; l i g h t blue) of one chick, NC39,
and t h e l e f t l e g band ( s i n g l e , wide, red) of t h e other,
NCLO. See Figure
L.5L
and Table 7.62.b The second laboratory t e n t , erected i n a hollow so t h a t
PLATE V
.
TECHNIQUES OF BANDING AND MEASURING
a A f l i p p e r band being applied t o the r i g h t f l i p p e r of an a d u l t penguin ( E 8 ) which i s s t i l l p a r t l y i n s i d e a c l o t h bag. A second penguin ( a l s o t o be banded, weighed and measured) i s within the second c l o t h bag. The c i r c l i p p l i e r s , l y i n g on t h e gloves, a r e used t o open t h e bands and t h e m l t i g r i p p l i e r s ( i n operation) t o c l o s e them.
b Measuring t h e length of t h e b i l l of an a d u l t penguin
PLATE V I
TECHNIQUES OF MEASURING
AND
WEIGHINGa Measuring t h e f l i p p e r of a chick (NA1 ) from t h e a x i l l a t o t h e t i p . The c a l l i p e r s have been l i f t e d s l i g h t l y t o f a c i l i t a t e reading and t h e f l i p p e r i s no longer f u l l y out stretched.
PLATE
VII
AERIAL SURVEY PHC[rOGRAPH OF THE
NECK
STUDP AREA
(1963)
PLATE
VIII
VIEWS OF THE N E C K
STUDYAREA
a Looking southwards f r o m t h e Trig. point, showing t h e dividing r i d g e leading t o t h e summit of t h e main dune within t h e s t u Q area, t h e north east slopes, t h e north e a s t f l a t s ( i n t h e l e f t foreground) with t r a c k s leading i n f r o m t h e north e a s t ascending place; a l s o a p o r t i o n of t h e upper north west slopes, p a r t l y bare and honeycombed with burrows, contrasting with t h e scrub-covered f a r north west slopes ( i n t h e r i g h t foreground). The t e n t was erected on t h e north e a s t f l a t s , midway along t h e base of t h e dividing ridge.
PLATE
IX
AERIAL SURVEY PHOTOGILAPH OF
THE
BORONIASTUDY
AREA (1 969)VIEWS
OF THE BORONIA Sl'LJDY AREAa Looking southwards, showing most of t h e small sandy beach and p a r t of t h e nrudstone platform a t t h e base of t h e c l i f f s .
PLATE
XI
S I T E S OF NESTING AM) ROOSTING PLACES
AT
BORONIAa
A
female(K3)
incubating two eggs i n a shallow crevice a t t h e base of t h e c l i f f s .PLATE XI1
AERIAL SURVEY PHOTOC6(APH OF THE TARONGA STUDY AREA (1969)
PLATE X I 1 1
S U N G BY THE METHOD OF CLQACAL EXAMINATION OF
BREEDING
PAIRSa The c l o a c a of t h e female breeding b i r d
(N59)
a t o v i p o s i t i o n .PLATE
X N
EARLY
STAGES IN THE MOUEl! OF THE MALE ~ & 1 3The opening up process u n t i l t h e shedding of t h e first
f e a t h e r s . This b i r d was photographed a t noon each day from 8.ii.62 t o 27.ii.62 (see P l a t e I11 f o r Day 1 ).
a
Dayh
(11 . i i . 6 2 )The o l d f e a t h e r s s t i l l l i e f l a t and f e e l stiff except on t h e head and neck, where t h e new f e a t h e r s a r e j u s t breaking through t h e skin, each within i t s sheath and
a t t a c h e d t o t h e base of t h e corresponding o l d f e a t h e r .
b Day
5
(12.ii.62)The o l d f e a t h e r s no longer l i e f l a t on t h e back, neck and crown. The new f e a t h e r s a r e well through up t o
3mm
long i n t h e middle of t h e back, carrying t h e oldf e a t h e r s up on t h e i r t i p s .
c Day
7
( l h . i i . 6 2 )The o l d f e a t h e r s a r e opening and becoming s l i g h t l y untidy, even on t h e abdomen. Three have been shed. The new f e a t h e r s a r e up t o 11.5m long i n t h e middle of t h e back.
d
Dw
8 (15.ii.62)PLATE
XV
MTDDLE SAGES I N THE MOULT OF THE MALE a 1 3
The shedding of most of t h e o l d feathers.
a Day 9 (16.ii.62)
The o l d f e a t h e r s a r e well open, very untidy, loose and e a s i l y dislodged. S m a l l c l e a r patches a r e developing on t h e neck and t h e abdomen. The new f e a t h e r s on t h e nape a r e s t i l l short and remain within t h e i r sheaths. The skin of t h e f l i p p e r s i s very scaly.
b Day 12 (19.ii.62)
A c l e a r patch extends i n a r i n g around t h e neck. The new f e a t h e r s here a r e s t i l l short but have l o s t t h e i r sheaths. The lower abdomen i s c l e a r of old feathers. Tiny c l e a r patches a r e appearing on t h e back. The
skin of t h e f l i p p e r s i s becoming loose.
c Day 13 (20.ii.62)
Large patches a r e c l e a r of o l d f e a t h e r s on t h e abdomen, l e g s a n d n e c k and d l patches a r e c l e a r on t h e crown, f a c e and back. The new f e a t h e r s a r e still short on t h e neck.
d Day 14 (21 . i i . 6 2 )
The c l e a r e d areas a r e enlarging on t h e abdomen, legs, back, neck and head. A t t h e posterior edge of t h e f l i p p e r s t h e skin, with t h e old f e a t h e r s s t i l l attached,
PLATE XVI
LATE STAGES I N THE MOULT OF THE MALE
Nk13
The shedding of t h e l a s t o l d feathers.
a Day 15 ( 2 2 . i i . 6 2 )
The o l d f e a t h e r s a r e s t i l l t h i c k on t h e nose, t h r o a t , shoulders and flanks. A t t h e a n t e r i o r a s well a s t h e p o s t e r i o r edge of t h e f l i p p e r s , t h e skin i s
s t a r t i n g t o peel. The skin of t h e nose i s a l s o peeling.
b Day 16 (23.ii.62)
Groups of o l d f e a t h e r s remain on the forehead, chin, shoulders, legs, lower abdomen and f l i p p e r s . A few s i n g l e o l d f e a t h e r s a r e l e f t on t h e back and head.
c Day 18 (25.ii.62)
Only a few o l d f e a t h e r s remain on the nose, back, shoulders and r i g h t f l i p p e r . The new f e a t h e r s a r e very dark blue and uniform i n colour.
d Day 20 (27.ii.62)
me
mol.
$and i m w bem used t o d i s t W e h male end remalo birds except in a rm t a b l e e and diagram.,,+lore, Micato% in tho a c c o m * llogcmde, t o enmve c-ty the l e t t e l a Y and P h.=w been Drnploged
J $ or $
-
0' m e d l o s PoiLre3- or p
-
3 Rlirs o b a c r k d keep* nsqpaa but not bresding t a g s t h e r ? C' &male with oloaoa d w e d a t ovipooition*
(U1D8 .ot 'Ascending Im. the Paat
AB
A 1 Ascend* ns tkm l e n t
' 0 e l e m of old f e ~ t M r e
c 1 ,
C2 order of hetoh* in paa any nee*
c3
Chiok(s) n-d t o t h e -a of a t l e a s t 5 reelre and banded
" not attended a f t e r +5 reeks, mt Landed
" Adopted flaturally
H a f t e r S u b s t i t u t i o n
Departed sucossahrlly, dnimm depart- m i g h t f o r # -
a pmvieionailly sexed d a i 900%
*
.
" female: 100g" Imparted, Recovered d e a d s h o r t l y a f t e r enter* ees
' " Poeterod by alien p a r e n t s
dl*
chi&) Killed by a m -nt
s, h a t a f t m hrman i n t s r l s r o n c e
" Yiasing before i v l l y fledged, o r rhen fledged but below rmnimum s u c n s s i v l departure m i g h t Becovs:ad doad
* Substituted f o r a W e d sw o r a dead chick in
--.her n e s t
" . st-, removed (Taken t o be reared in c a p t i v i t y ) c o i t i o n
Disappeared prs-d dead
Doscsndisa to the Eaat
Dieplaying I n s i d e m a t i n g .or most* p l a f o by day o r
" Outside a t night ImacMdlng t o the l o s t
order of lsy- i n w one n e s t , not necenlnrily by t h e same f e r n l e
order of l q y i t y ~ by w one female, not, necessarily in the
-
neatE g g ( = ) Broken
" D88erted
-
immsdiatsly ( f i r s t n i g h t a f t e r lay*)" W i l e d t o M t c h a f t e r 4b weeks or m r e of incubation Egg-Laying period
%(a) Misolne .
ovicted fmm nest h attempted t o e n t e r
Egg(s) Raappo-d, formerly buried ~ l o ~ l i n g (sxoept when uaed to denote $) Failed in E r e d i n g
" " " t l r o e in ana se-
few f e a t h e r s left
f e a t h e r e not open
" ope- up
ivll m a t
Itmubating sege
s o t Incubat* ogse
Juve"ll.
Keep* Caww h i d e nesting o r most* p l a f a by dsy o r plght
" " with another d s h i d e nest
" as " " fede -8 " .
" " moult* og innest* o r most- piace by
647 o r a t ni@t
Keep* Conpany Outside a t n i g h t
* " with a pair of b-a i n s i d e nest
h a t miter human i n t e r f e r e n c e
barge patchee bare
Imt on Eaet s i d e
" " l e s t "
moult* (except rhen used Lo denote J )
" U a n e i n s i d e "eating o r most- plaoe " v i t h Yate " " " " " " Outside a t n w t ,
" lrlth n p a i r Of birds i n s i d e m e t - or most- p h a
" " several " m v 4,
" " a bird of the Same Sex h i d e n e a t h o r
moat- p h a
n o t obaemed Breed- (not n a e e s s a r i l y a m n breeder) BB Ascend* p l a f c
Poat-Cuard stage Chick(s)
Post-Chiok period
p 0 s t - w "
Post-Lloult "
&-Egg
-
p m v i s l o d l y sexed
Becovered dead
R o o s t W Alone i n s i d e n e n t a or roost- place
" wit11 Alir. Chic*) Rezoveted dead on Past s i d e Rocsting '.vith l a t e
.
" Outside a t night
R F C O Y C T C ~ dead on l e s t vide
-all pafcl:es bare
Stcoessivl in Breeding
" " " rearing sJng1s chick
" s, "
one O f t m ohicke " " " t m Chick.
. .
SE Asceding place '
Stand- Outoide a t night
el
tNmpett h m b b b
Unhanded Bird
Unidsntiiiad Bird
l i n t o r period
I h s e d s r nsstod M c e in one aooson
STME3 OP Rum L w x r m m a T
I ~ b m W
IA Qes shut, unable to -port head
LB " opening, beg- to hold head up
I1 Development of Becondary Dom
IIA hints appdu* ngr&m ITB " " -anathigha
T I C " " ahouldsrs
IID w loner neck
I I B upper neck 4 p o s t e r i o r f l 4 w r a
ID " om- md Uippr.9
I10 " " forehaad spd i n t e r i o r flippers
IIH '" nose
IIJ Beoondary d a m baoomiog thick, eyes changing colour, no blue f e a t h e r s y e t appeariog 1x1 -10-t of uult = a g e and h s a of b m
IIIA mu* rathers wp.aring tail
IILB I " " t h l & € d I l l d - k o k
uxa " " " BhovldOrs and f l i p p a r a
Ixm m
-
" ma and 1041. neck, d m b t l a-
I I I B n w " h and upper neek
I I I B k m l o a t tail, fa00 M.1 M k W f l i p p e r s I110 " " hemi. l n o r b a c k , a u m m a a d n i p -
I I I B m L y lsfi M IUSS m M e k , ahDuldara aad haad
I I I J I