Smartphone activated door lock using wifi

SMARTPHONE ACTIVATED DOOR LOCK USING WIFI

NURULFARAH AFIQAH BINTI MOHAMMAD AZMI

B071110033

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

SMARTPHONE ACTIVATED DOOR LOCK USING WIFI

This report submitted in accordance with requirement of the Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor Degree of Engineering Technology

(Electronics Telecommunications) (Hons.)

by

NURULFARAH AFIQAH BINTI MOHAMMAD AZMI

B071110033

901113-06-5280

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA

TAJUK: SMARTPHONE ACTIVATED DOOR LOCK USING WIFI

SESI PENGAJIAN: 2014/15 Semester 2

Saya NURULFARAH AFIQAH BINTI MOHAMMAD AZMI

mengaku membenarkan Laporan PSM ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut: 1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis. 2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan

untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis.

3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.

4. **Sila tandakan ( )

SULIT

TERHAD

TIDAK TERHAD

(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia sebagaimana yang termaktub dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)

(Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)

Alamat Tetap:

Lot 10486, Jalan Balok Sejahtera, Kampung Balok, 26100 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur

Tarikh: ________________________

Disahkan oleh:

Cop Rasmi:

Tarikh: _______________________

DECLARATION

I hereby, declared this report entitled “Smartphone Activated Door Lock using WiFi” is the results of my own research except as cited in references.

Signature : ……….

Author’s Name : NURULFARAH AFIQAH BINTI MOHAMMAD AZMI

APPROVAL

This report is submitted to the Faculty of Engineering Technology of UTeM as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering Technology (Electronics Telecommunications) (Hons.). The member of the supervisory is as follow:

i

ABSTRAK

ii

ABSTRACT

iii

DEDICATION

To my beloved mother and father who are always there for me Tenku Ruzita Binti Tengku Mahmud and Mohammad Azmi Bin Ab Rahman

To my siblings

Nur-Fatihah Asyikin Binti Mohammad Azmi Muhammad Fahmi Affandi Bin Mohammad Azmi

Mohammad Firdaus Aisy Bin Mohammad Azmi

To my lecturer and supervisor, for their guidance and encouragement Mrs. Norlezah Binti Hashim

iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to take this opportunity to express my deepest grateful appreciation to all persons who have continuously giving me support, advices, knowledge, understanding and contribution towards the successful in completing of this Bachelor Degree Project.

In particular, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor, Mrs. Norlezah Binti Hashim for encouragement, guidance, advices, suggestion and motivation in developing this project. Besides that, I would like to thanks to Al Hafiz Bin Riwayat for contributing towards my understanding and thoughts.

My sincere appreciation extends to all my undergraduate friends especially BETT member of batch 2011-2015 who have helped me and shared brilliant ideas throughout the whole year.

v

TABLE OF CONTENT

Abstrak i

Abstract ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgement iv

Table of Content v

List of Tables viii

List of Figures ix

List Abbreviations, Symbols and Nomenclatures xi

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Background 1

1.3 Problem Statement 2

1.4 Objective 3

1.5 Scope 3

1.5.1 Software 4

1.5.2 Hardware 4

1.6 Project Significant 4

1.7 Conclusion 5

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 6

2.1 Introduction 6

2.2 Existing Devices 6

2.2.1 Lockitron 7

2.2.2 Unikey Kevo 8

2.2.3 August Smart Lock 9

2.2.4 Goji Smart Lock 10

2.3 Door Lock 11

vi 2.3.2 Pull-type Solenoid Lock Construction 12

2.3.3 Locking System 14

2.3.3.1 Relay 14

2.4 Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) 15

2.4.1 Advantages of Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) 18

2.5 Android 19

2.5.1 Architecture of Android 19

2.5.2 Android Programming Basics 20

2.5.3 Android Version 20

2.6 Component Used 21

2.6.1 Peripheral Interface Circuit (PIC) Microcontroller 21

2.6.1.1 PIC16F877A Microcontroller 22

2.6.1.2 Advantages of Microcontroller 23

2.6.2 Xbee WiFi Wire Antenna 23

2.7 Conclusion 24

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 25

3.1 Project Implementation 25

3.1.1 Planning 28

3.1.1.1 Data Collection 28

3.1.1.2 Hardware and Software Requirement 29

3.1.1.2.1 Hardware Requirement 29

3.1.1.2.2 Software Requirement 29

3.1.2 Implementing 30

3.1.2.1 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) 30

3.1.2.2 Components 30

3.1.3 Checking 30

3.1.4 Testing 31

3.1.5 Analysis 31

3.2 Project Flowchart 31

3.3 Project Block Diagram 33

3.4 Expected Result 33

vii CHAPTER 4: RESULT & DISCUSSION 35

4.1 Software Implementation 35

4.1.1 Programming in PCWH Compiler 35

4.1.2 Circuit Design in Proteus 8 38

4.1.3 Android Application in Eclipse Java 41

4.2 Hardware Implementation 43

4.3 Analysis of WiFi Performance 43

4.3.1 Inside Home 44

4.3.2 Outside Home 45

4.3.3 Comparison WiFi Performance 46

4.4 Circuit Performance 47

4.4.1 PIC16F877A 47

4.4.2 Relay 48

4.4.3 Pull-type Solenoid Lock 49

4.4.4 Xbee WiFi 50

4.5 Conclusion 50

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK 51

5.1 Conclusion 51

5.2 Future Work 52

REFERENCES 53

APPENDICES

viii

LIST OF TABLES

2.1 Comparison between ZigBee, WiFi and Bluetooth 16

2.2 Popular IEEE WiFi standards 17

4.1 WiFi performance inside home 44

ix

LIST OF FIGURES

1.1 WiFi system drawing 4

2.1 Lockitron 7

2.2 Unikey Kevo 8

2.3 2.4

August Smart Lock Goji Smart Lock

9 10 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 Solenoid lock

Pull-type solenoid lock construction Magnetic field produced by a coil Relay

Main parts in relay Basic design relay WiFi access point

11 13 13 14 15 15 16

2.12 Android system architecture 19

2.13 Android version 20

2.14 Microcontroller structure 21

2.15 2.16

3.1

Pin diagrams

Xbee WiFi Wire Antenna

Flowchart of the methodology

22 23 26 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5

Step of methodology Flowchart of the project Project block diagram

Program header I/O setting

Output pin description WiFi data detected Push button pressed

x

4.6 Schematic diagram 39

4.7 Double-sided PCB layout 39

4.8 Bottom side PCB layout 40

4.9 Top side PCB layout 41

4.10 Main configuration 42

4.11 Control interface 42

4.12 Circuit on PCB board 43

4.13 WiFi performance inside home 44

4.14 WiFi performance outside home 45

4.15 WiFi performance for indoor and outdoor 46

4.16 Input voltage of PIC 47

4.17 Relay performance when the door locked 48

4.18 Relay performance when the door unlocked 48

4.19 Solenoid performance when the door locked 49

4.20 Solenoid performance when the door unlocked 49

xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS AND

NOMENCLATURE

CPU - Central Processing Unit dBm - Decibel-milliwatts

GND - Ground

IDE - Integrated Development Environment iOS - iPhone Operating System

IP - Internet Protocol

LED - Light Emitting Diode

M - Meter

mA - MilliAmpere

Mbps - Mega bit per second

NC - Normally Closed

NFC - Near Field Communication

NO - Normally Open

PCB - Printed Circuit Board

PIC - Peripheral Interface Controller

PWR - Power

RAM - Random Access Memory

RFID - Radio Frequency Identification

ROM - Read Only Memory

RX - Receiver

SDK - Software Development Kit

Sec - Seconds

SPDT - Single Pole Double Throw SPI - Serial Peripheral Interface SSR - Solid State Relay

TX - Transmitter

xii

V - Volt

1

1.1 Introduction

Smartphone activated door lock using WiFi is designed for those who are forgetting in locking the door. The system consists of solenoid lock and Android application. People who have always losing the door key and forgetting to lock the door would use this system to reduce the using of key to lock automatically and unlock the door by using smartphone. The purpose of this project is to simplify the tasks of locking and unlocking the door. The locking mechanism in the door can be activated automatically and deactivated by smartphone using WiFi technology within specific range.

1.2 Background

Nowadays, smartphone has variety of uses and have been designed to be used as pocket-sized personal computers. Smartphone have utilizes many tool and service which are Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) and Near Field Communication (NFC). Today, WiFi is provided in many smartphones. This has allows an electronic device to exchange data or connect to the internet wirelessly. Internets are playing an important role in everyday environment. Many devices can be connected to the internet such as smartphone.

INTRODUCTION

2 As technology develops, smartphone becomes one of the devices that can help to monitor in any aspects. Since less awareness concern on door lock system, this device will help in solving the problem. This project is a development for the home system entry. This project will contribute more secure and advance technology compatible to the latest invention and technology. Other than that, it will increase the security technology of the home.

For this project, the locking system will activate automatically. By using Android software, the smartphone can unlock the door within a specific range. Data transmission will be done using WiFi technology. WiFi technology can locate a signal almost anywhere. So, the user does not have to worry whether the door is lock or not because it is automatically lock and they can control unlock the door by using their smartphone within a specific range. The user also does not have to worry about the losing of the door key.

1.3 Problem Statement

3

1.4 Objective

The smartphone activated door lock using WiFi is one of the tools that can be used at home. This project aims to create an alternative method for those who are always forgetting to lock the door. Besides that, this project also helps for those who worry about losing the door key. This project has several objectives which are:

(a) to create an application that would work from a smartphone and communicate through WiFi network.

(b) to analyze the system design in term of detectable range and delay.

1.5 Scope

This project will concentrate at the Android application in order to unlock the door. The smartphone that activated the unlocking system need to be identify in order to connect with the microcontroller. Besides that, this project also designing the circuits for locking the door automatically.

4 1.5.1 Software

In order to work with this project, the software implementation needs to be identified. The preliminary works for software searching are learning the usage of the assembly language. Then, the software that used to load the program into the chip need to be identified. The software used in this project is Java for Android application and C language for Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC).

1.5.2 Hardware

For the hardware part, there are several works that has been done before proceed to the project requirements. Firstly, design the door with the suitable lock attached to it such as solenoid lock. Then, Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) will be used to program the PCB design.

1.6 Project Significance

The main reason of this project is to develop security of door lock system where the owner of home, apartment or building can manage the door lock that activated automatically and unlock the door that activated by smartphone using WiFi technology. The door is automatically lock when the magnetic switch become closed to each other.

5 Figure 1.6.1 shows the overall of the WiFi system. As shown in this figure, the wireless network device and the microcontroller will be place inside the home, apartment or building which is placed at the door. The system will be managed through the application in the smartphone to unlock the door and lock the door automatically.

This project completely friendly interfacing due to it is lock automatically and can unlock the door by using smartphone. Since it is friendly interfacing, when the user at home, they can use the push button instead of using the smartphone. This can ease the user.

1.7 Conclusion

6

2.1 Introduction

Lock is a mechanical or electronic fastening device that is released by a physical object such as key, keycard, fingerprint, RFID card or others. Locks are highly important for safety and security of home, apartment or building. There are many types of door locks that have been used which are passage lockset, privacy lockset, dummy knob, entry lockset, deadbolt, night latch, keyless lock and mortise lock. Each of the locks has their benefits and features. However, burglars can break normal or typical locks with ease. This chapter will explains the existing device that are on the market, solenoid lock, relay, Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), Android and the component used in this system.

2.2 Existing Devices

There are many door locks that are out on the market which are Lockitron, Unikey Kevo, August Smart Lock and Goji Smart Lock. These door lock product have their functionalities and features.

LITERATURE REVIEW

7 2.2.1 Lockitron

Figure 2.1: Lockitron

Lockitron is the product which is likely similar with this project. The first iteration of Lockitron replaced the deadbolt but the newer iteration which is upgradable enough compare the previous iteration as shown in Figure 2.1. This door lock is placed on the door lock from the inside and it can be easily removed and installed elsewhere. Its batteries can last up to one year and can send a notification when the door lock is running low.

Lockitron allows the user to lock their door from anywhere in the world through WiFi. There are applications that provide for both iOS and Android. Besides that, it also functions with other mobile phones which are through the simple text message. There are many ways of locking and unlocking the door lock which are through the internet by using the applications, through Bluetooth 4.0 while walking up to the door or through NFC (Near Field Communication). Bluetooth 4.0 is only available for some currently released Android smartphones and the Iphone 4S and 5. This Lockitron is able to share access with family and friends by using their email address or phone number. The user also receives notifications when the lock is being used by someone else.