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Domain-specific and domain-general processes underlying metacognitive judgments

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Figure 1: Schematic of a modified version of the Error Awareness task used to examine error monitoring. Participants were required to make a speeded button press (“A”) when a word appears on screen and to withhold from responding to words that would be classified as a palindrome (Palindrome no‐go) or when a word was repeated on consecutive trials (Repeat no‐go). In instances where participants failed to correctly withhold to a response, they were required to press a separate button (“B”) to signal error awareness.    
Table 1 Comparison of performance indices in the perception, memory and error awareness tasks: Means and (SD). 
Table 2: Mean errors of commission and mean error awareness proportion scores on the EAT for neurologically healthy control participants 
Figure 3: Type 2 ROC analysis. Type 2 ROC curves were estimated for each subject using estimates of meta‐ d’; the average of these ROC curves is plotted for the perceptual (red line) domain. Type 2 Roc Curves were constructed for each participant on the perceptual task that characterized the probability of being correct for a given level of confidence. Type 2 Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves reflect the relationship between the accuracy of discriminations and the observer’s confidence rating. Note that Controlling for type 1 performance by experimental design in a recognition memory paradigm is methodologically difficult therefore quantification of metacognitive accuracy in the memory task required a computational approach meta‐d’/d’ that explicitly accounts for type 1 performance. 
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