Rescuing system design

Rochester Institute of Technology

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Thesis/Dissertation Collections

3-2007

Rescuing system design

Il-Chan Lee

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Graduate Industrial Design Master

of

Fine Arts

Program

School

of

Design

College

of

Imaging

Arts

and

Sciences

Rochester Institute

of

Technology

A Thesis

submittedto the

Faculty

ofthe

College

of

Imaging

Arts

and

Sciences

in candidacy

for

the

degree

of

Master

of

Fine Arts

ll-Chan Lee

Chief Advisor

Associate Advisor

Associate Advisor

Chairperson

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIG

N

David Morgan

1·

Z-

->.

Dr

David Morgan

Date

Assistant Professor, School of Design

Stan Rickel

~

ZS-·U7

Stan Rickel

Date

Assistant Professor, School of Design

WOO

Sam Yi

Of/

)-~/

02

Won Sam Vi, MD

Date

Radiation Oncology

Patti J. Lachance

i·~

t../.()

7

Patti

J.

Lachance

Date

Associate Professor, School of Design

I, II-Chan Lee, hereby grant permission to the Wallace Memorial Library of Rochester

Institute ofTechnology to reproduce my thesis in whole or in part. Any reproduction

will not be for commercial use or profit

.

II-Chan Lee

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ty.

Special Thanks

to

Nathan Romano

Sr. Human

factor

leading

designer

at

IBM

Ph.d

Jongseung

Park

MEMS

technology

scientist

Arizona State

University

Prof. Robert

M. Chapman

Brain

and

Cognitive Sciences

University

of

Rochester

MD.

Steven Kim

Family

Medicine Dr.

Thesis Project Definition

04 Problem Statement

06 DocumentationofNeed & Situation Analysis

Research

07

Existing Detecting

DeviceAnalysis

I I Brief ideationof potential

technology

1 3

Brainstorming

-Ideation Process

18

Brief Synthesis

Hypothesis

19 ElectrodeSources

-_{Brain Waves}

-Heart

Beating

Waves

28

Detecting

Network-Smartdust

Technology

34 SmardustHelper

37 SmartMesh

Managing

&

Deploying

Device

47 Enhanced& SpecializedRescuer Helmetfor Smartdustsystem

5 1

Developing

newshapedesign &enhanced

functions

fortheFinalproduct

60 Uldesign forVirtual

Reality

Screen

Implementation

63 Model

Making

Process

67 FinalAppearance Model

70

Application

72

Conclusion

Problem Statement

In South Korea

during

June

1995,

a

huge

department

storecollapsed

because

of poor

structural

engineering

during

thestore'sconstructionwhich

did

not

properly

account

for

thestore'sweight.

More

than

500 innocent

people

died,

1000

morewere

injured

and

many

other

individuals

were

missing

atthe terrible

disaster. Of

those

missing indi

viduals,most were stuckunderground

beneath

therubble

waiting

for

help,

but

most of

themcould not

be

rescued.

On September 1

1, 2001,

a

hijacked American Airlines jet

smashed

into

onetowerofthe

1 1

0-story

World Trade Center in New York City. As

smokeand

flames

spoutedout ofthe

building

and rescueworkers

fought

tosavevictims,another plane

hit

thesecondtower.

The

two

huge

towerssooncollapsed.

Enormous

cloudsof smoke extendedover

Man

hattan. The Wall Street

financial

markets wereclosed

down.

A

shorttime

later,

another

plane

hit

the

Pentagon,

setting

off a

huge

explosion andsmoke,and

making

a

hole

in

the

face

ofthe

building.

Table

All

aroundthe world,

because

of

shifting

platetectonicsearthquakesoccur

causing

buildings

to collapse and

landslides

to occur.

This

situation

is

responsible

for

many

deaths

worldwide,with

many

ofthose

deaths

a result of rescuers

being

unabletoreach

survivors caught

beneath

therubble.

The

tableshown next page

illustrates

theremarkable

earthquakes,

terror

attacks,

and

^M_?

Thevisual shown

bottom

istheremarkable earthquakesterrors,and accidents

tragedy

intheworld

Dead

u

<

<*

Accident

Terror

Earthquake

Injured

&&8

8

Cause Where

ioTT"ik~

100

f

"

~. Seoul Korea(06/1995)

niG W

#

Oklahoma US(05/1995)

HI

s

CjaIzmitTurkey(08/1999)

tctt

UUUUkllU-AJluW

^j

Nantou.Taiwan(09/1999]

*sJ& uu-juu'-ji_j"_jta**w*

^j

Gujarat India(01/2001)

LJU

rtttttttLt

kl

fcJfelkJtJ

tt'U

U

U

^j

NewYorkUS(09/2001)

(.--ICCCC

_jl_V__OB_Btf

X

.

Algeri,Algeria(05/2003)

uuW

c

Documentation

of

Need &

Situation Analysis

Purpose

of

Reaserch

The

collapse ofthe

Sam-Poong

Department

store

highlighted

many

problemswiththe

current methodsof

rescuing

people underground.

The

rescuers

didn't know

theexact

location

ofthevictims.

It

tooka

long

time to

find

victims,whichcaused more

loss

of

in

nocent

life.

At

the

WTC in New York

City,

many

rescuerstried their

best

torescue people

under a

huge

amount of ash and stone.

However, they

could notsave morepeoplethan

they

did because

they

did

not

have

theright equipmentto

find

peopleunderground

in

limited

time.Victims'

families

wantedto

find

any

traceoftheir

loved

ones,

but

noteven

the

bodies

could

be located.

Even in

smalltragediessuch as asingle

building

collapse,

it

is

difficult

to

locate

victims.

Thus,

what

is

needed are newtechnologiesand/ormethod

ologies

for searching

for, identifying,

and

rescuing

survivorsthatare

hidden

from

view.

Goals

There

are

many different

technologies and equipmentto search

for

objectsunder

ground

today including

mineore, water,mineral or_oil,

but

almostnone ofthose tech nologies andequipmentareappliedto

searching

for

people.

This

researchwill

help

to

define

what

kinds

of

detecting

methodsexist,and what

kind

oftechnologiescould

be

possibly

applied

for

detecting

human beings

underground.

Further

_{more, this}research

will provide a

foundation

of

knowledge

thatcould

be

appliedtosave

many lives

when these typesof

tragedy

strike.

The primary

goal

is

to

develop

a new system

for

rescuing

people under special circum

stances such as

building

collapses, earthquakes,and

being

trappedunderground

(e.g.,

mine shaftcollapses).

There

are

many

different

technologies thatcould

be

appliedto thesesituations.

However,

many

ofthese technologiesand

devices

arenotappropriate

for

thesesensitivecircumstances.

The

most

important

processthrough this

thesis

is

to

find

the

best

and most accuratetechnologies

for

detecting

and

locating

victims under

ground,andto

define

themostefficientsystemtosave as

many

lives

as possible.

Objective

This

thesisproposes and suggeststhe

best

way

torescuetrappedpeople underground.

It

will solvetheproblemswe

have faced for

a

long

time,

and

help

rescuerstoprotect victims'

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Existing Detecting

Device Analysis

Rescue

teamsaround world

have

many

different

typesof

detecting

devices

attheir

dis

posal.

These

devices have

come

from

the medical, communications, and

logistics in

dustries.

They

help

rescuers

find buried

victimsunder stoneor ash.

However,

noneof these

devices

areprecise enoughto

locate

theexact area wheresurvivorsaretrapped underground..

Detecting

Device Examples

World Trade Center Rescue Operations

K-9

search

Listening

devices

Medical

equipment

Camera

WORLDTRADE

CENTER RESCUE OPERATIONS

Rescue

teams atthe

WTC

are

losing

hope

0K-9

search canine re sou. tesm of

finding

survivorsafterattacks

last

week

O

Rescue teams

Teams

use

five

types of equipment: medical resciie.comrnurqealicns.technicalSLpporl aridloglsiics.

Trie

searcr.component

includes

concrete saws,jackhammers.drills,lumbef and ropetoremove

saSely

and_{slowly trie} victimsfromtherjtrble

A

trained

009

barks for

30

secondstoalertits

handler

Asecond t then

brought

inj<onfirn.' mesucosssfofseardi

lOHlUilUhBJ5IS SL./V:V-YS!_r.

rescues

v;t:'>

Listen

ing devices,

snake-tike cameras and

fiber

optic seep?; to

locate

victims.

Higtiiy

sensitive

listening

devicescandetect Ihe slightesthumansound.

Mare

than

50O

itemsmakeup thefugh-tecfi equipment

Hesoxt teams**rt_/)ca se anted area

fiy

,1a

ffrnj

j cross

end_______ihe

irate-or

onBie nroos_r_s___f

Dsrejerws

obitac-es enco_r__re_

REUTERS

Thepicture sourceisfrom Reutersnews

Sep

17th,2001

ST-100C KOREAN ROBOT

Chapter.;

Image

detecting

device,

p 131-146

This

robot

is

made

in Korea. It is

relatively

smalltoallow

for easy

movement around

the

disaster

area.

length

0.8m

width

0.52m

height

0.45m

weight

:95.54kg

Camera

angle:355'up&down90'

speed:

low

17.7cm/sec

high

34.5cm/sec

approach angle:

45'

stairs

Obstacle

:

passing height

25cm

Monitor

:

6-9

inch

ST-5T CAMERA

Chapterl;

Image

detecting

device,

p 61-78

This

camera

is

made

in

Japan

and

Korea. The

camera

is

attachedto the

top

ofthe

bar.

Rescuers

usethis

bar

camerato

find

victims

in

small areas where

they

can

insert

the

camera

but

cannot reach

in

themselves.

Length

:

115cm

(max

219cm)

Weight

:

2.5kg

amera angle:

up &

down

280'

Monitor: 4 inch

full

color

(50-1 00m

wireless

sending

signal)

Power

:

6V

battery

for

2hr

Light: 2.2V

mini

lamp

Pixel

:

1.8

megapixel

Camera

size:

5cm

THERMAL CAMERA

Chapterl;

Image

detecting

device,

p 39-60

The

thermalcamera

is probably

thegreatesttechnologicaladvancement

in

the

fire

ser vice

industry

in

thirty

years.

It

allows

firefighters

toseethroughwalls and

quickly

find

victimsthatneed

rescuing

and also

locate

fire

that

may

be hidden behind

smoke and ceilings.

size:

180x200x310mm

weight:

2.2kg

(including

battery)

watt:

8.7V 7.0watt 2hr

visual angle:55'

Full

color

display

ZEBHC-6U SOUND SENSOR

Chapter2;

Sound

detecting

device,

p 167-182

Highly

sensitive

listening

devices

thatcan

detect

theslightest

human

sound.

This

sen sor

is

made

in

Germany

and

Israel.

Detecting frequency

:

2~3,OOOHz

Numbers

ofsensors:

6

underground sound sensor

(30-1,500Hz),

1

low

frequency

sensor

(4.5-1 500Hz),

1

air sound sensor

(2~3,000Hz)

Amplification

:max

120dB

Filter

:

low

pass

filter

3,000Hz~20Hz,

high

pass

filter

20Hz~3,000Hz

Temperature

ofuse:-20'c~50'c

RADIO

WAVE

DETECTOR

RSf^il

$1

Chapter3;

Radio

wave

detecting

device,

p 287-291

This detector

is

made

in Germany. It

detects buried

victims under collapsed structures

by

calculating

the

irregularity

of electromagnetic waves.

Sending

frequency

:

3Ghz

Sending

power:

70mW

Detecting

area:

30m

underground

(when

dish

antenna

use)

Temperature

or use:

5'c~45'c

Power

:

AC 1 20/230v

20%,

DC 1 8-38V

RESCUEDOGS

Chapter4;

Rescuing

dog,

p

263-265

Disaster

dogs

aretrained to

locate

victims of

many

natural

disasters

that

may

be bur

ied in

rubble

from

collapsed

buildings.

This

typeof

dog

is

most often usedafter earth quakes.

The

senseofsmell:

10,000

times

better

than

human

The

sense of

hearing

:

40

timesor more

Night

sight:

10

timesormore

MR-IE CANADIAN ROBOT

Chapterl;

Radio

wave

detecting

device,

p

101-103

This

robot

is

made

in

Canada

and was

introduced in 2000. It

detects

victims'

locations

in

dangerous

places

instead

ofrescuers.

With

therobot

arms, it

opens

door for

rescuers

in

accidentarea.

size:

length

1.5m

width

0.69m

height

1.2m

weight

:200kg

approach angle :40'stairs

Speed:

low

0.2m/s

high

1

.0m/s

Obstacle:

passing height

20cm,

width

50cm

Winch

capacity:

150kg

Monitor:

10 inch

Light: 20w

halogen

Control:

code

150m,

codeless

500m

Camera:

robot arm

camera,

nipper camera

Devices information

and

Picture

sources

-Byun, Sang-ho,

4^^/^-r

$-

V-J

#

fMr

-?^2

(Rescuing

life

_{with scientific}

RESEARCH

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Analysis

While

these toolsare

helpful

in

finding

somevictims

in

the

immediate disaster

area,

they

are not effective enough

in

locating

victimstrappedunderground.

Since

there

is

nothing

more

important

than

saving

lives,

helpful

toolsare notsufficient.

They

have

to

be

perfect.

The

roboticsystemscan

be

very

useful

for

detecting

victims without

hurting

any

rescuers and

for

collecting

all

kinds

of

information, but

they

will

face

many

problems when

they

meet geographical obstacles

in

trying

toreachsurvivors.

The

weight of thesystemcouldcause problems on

very

weak surfaces

in

the

disaster

area,and

it

also cannot providearealsenseoftouch.

The

sound sensorsor radiowave

detectors

also

have limitations. If

the

disaster

area

is

very

noisy

andexposedto

different

typesof waves, those toolscan

be

easily disrupted. The

long

bar

typemicro camera

has

issues

as well.

It may be

abletoshow certain areaswell,

but

it

cannotgo

deeper

than

5-6

meters.

What if

victims are

1 0

metersaway?

While

thermalcameras

have

been

oneof thegreatesttools

for

detecting

victims

in

the

disaster

area,

it

can't

be

perfect

for

every

typeof situation.

For

example,

it

won't workwell around

hot

surface areas.

Out

of all

oftheavailable

tools,

rescue

dogs

arestillthemosteffectivetool

for

detecting

victims within a

disaster

area.

Their

senseof smell

is 10,000

times

better

thana

human's

and the

dog's

sense of

hearing

is 40

times

better.

However,

thosespecialskillscannot

ensurethatall victims will

be

found

in

thecriticalsituations.

Dogs

cannot

effectively

communicateto their

human

counterparts on

precisely

what

they

are_{experiencing,} andtheirskills are still

limited.

It is

thuscriticalthatother newtechnologies

be

appliedto

increase

the

probability

of

BRIEF IDEATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

New technologies

whichare

possibly

applied

to

New

detecting

equipmentthatcanpinpointtheexactunderground

location

where

victims aretrappedwill

be

abletosolve somecurrentproblems.

This

equipment might

include

severaltechnologies

from different

fields,

such asmedical, geophysical,and

satellitetechniques.

Those

technologiescan

be

combinedtomakenew

detecting

devices

which aremoreprecise.

Ultrasound System

Obstetric Ultrasound is applying

ultrasound scans

in

pregnancy.

Since its introduction

in

the

1950's,

ultra

sonography has been

a

very

powerful

diagnostic

tool

in

obstetrics.

Ultrasound

scansare

presently

consideredto

be

asafe, non-invasive,accurateand

cost-effectivetechnique

for

pre-natalcare.

It

has become

a

very

important

obstetric tooland plays a main role

in

thecare of

every

pregnant woman.

Specifically,

it is

safer than

X-rays

because

usessound waves

instead

ofradiation.

If

stronger soundwaves could

be

produced,

it

could

potentially

identify

a

human

body

through

large

sheets of

metal or rocks.

Of

_course,

it

works

better in

the water,

but

it

also works

in

theair

if

the sounds wavesare

strong

enough,

(http://www.layyous.com/ultasound/ultrasound_im-ages/obstetricians/ACAC_1

1.JPG)

Radar Imaging-GPR

Technology

Ground

Penetrating

Radar

(GPR)

is

anelectromagnetic

high

resolutiontool that

has

been

used

effectively

toachieve

many environmental,

engineering

and archaeologi cal

investigations. It

produces an underground cross-sectional

image

of

the

soils and

BRIEF IDEATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

New

Electro-Seismic

Technology

The

electro seismicmethod offersthe

possibility

of

imaging

thin

(much

smallerthan

theseismic

wavelength)

layers

in

thesubsurface.

Removal

ofcoherent source-gen

erated noise

is

anessential

step in

the

processing

of electro seismic

data.

(http://pangea.stanford.edu/~shaines/SEP_report.pdf)

MM-wave Image

The

passive millimeter-wave

imager is

a camerathatcan

detect

objectsthrough

clothing,

dense

fog,

walls and other

visibly

opaque materials

using

millimeter-wave radiation.

This

techniquecovers a

broad

range:

from

passive mm wave

imaging

so thatships can navigate

in

fog

toultrawideband synthetic apertureradar

(UWB

SAR)

which cansolvethe

overwhelming

problem of

how

to

identify

and

define

theextent ofa minefield,

(http://www.qinetiq.com/home_us/case_studies/case_studies_home-land_security/millimeter_wave_imager.html)

Lidar

Sensing

The Lidar

system

determines

the

distance from

thesensorto theearth's surface

by

measuring

the time

delay

between

anemittedpulse of

infra

red

light

and

its

return

from

a surface reflection.

(Company

QinetQ)

(http://www.qinetiq.com/)

Rescue team

needs

to

find

victims

trapped

underground

as soon as

possible

The

new system should

be

able

to

reduce amount of

BRAINSTORMING

RESCUINGSYSTEMDESIGN

IDEATION PROCESS

Idea

mapOl

IDEATION

PROCESS

Idea

map02

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

idea map 02

IDEATION PROCESS

Idea

map03

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

idea map 03

medical

field

0

fundemental

source

for

detecting

mechanic

detecting

method

wireless

deploying

method

IDEATION PROCESS

Idea

map04

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

idea map

04

Best way

to

detect

People

underground

IDEATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Thought

There

are

many

potentialsourcesof

information

(e.g.,

victim's

heartbeat)

thatcan

be

identified

to

help

detect

victimstrappedunderground

in disaster

areas,

but

no single

information

source can

be

relied onto

accurately

and

consistently

identify

victims

because

noneofthetechnologies that

identify

thosepieces of

information

are robust enoughtowork

in

all circumstances.

However, technology

is

always

improving. In

particular,medicaltechnologiesare

improving

atarapid rateas

it

relatestounder

standing

the

human

body

(e.g.,

human

genome mapping).

This

thesissuggests

using

brain

wavesand

heart-beat

wavesassources

for

detecting

victims'

location. Both

brain

wavesand

heart-beat

waves are

relatively

clearand more accuratethan

any

other possible source

in

theresearch.

As

othertechnologiescontinueto

develop,

new

breakthroughs

may

allow

for

other

information

sourcesto

be

focused

onto

identify

victims

(e.g.,

body

temperature),

which,

in

combination withtheother

information

source

technologies,

will allow

for

an evengreaterchance of

rescuing

more victims.

Unwanted waves

?

Q CD Q. <_ X

Victims

Electrode Sources

Heartbeating

waves

Brain

waves

*

^

Smart Dust

mesh network

*

Deploying

devices

u

Detecting

devices

*J

/

V

Rescuing

Headquarter

Rescuer Helmet

i 3 IO O rt> < Unwanted waves

s

BRIEF

SYNTHESIS

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Electrode

sources

To

locate

victims'

exactpositionunderground, theremust

be

some

identifiable

source

thatemanates

from

thevictims.

The human

body

provides

many different

kinds

of

frequencies from different

organs

(Frequency

meansthenumberofwaves perunit time

-per second).

Among

the

many

different

frequencies

from

the

human

body,

there aretwo

relatively

cleanwaves.

One

ofthem

is brain

wave

(EEG),

andtheother

is

the

heart beat

as

in

an

ECG. New

technologiescan

detect

thesewaves

from

victims and

help

rescuers

find

them.

-Brainwave

The

brain is

anelectrochemical organ.

Researchers have

speculatedthata

fully

func

tioning

brain

can generate as muchas

1 0

wattsof electrical power.

--Heart

beating

The

human

heart

contains specialtissue thatproducesand sendselectrical

impulses

throughout the

heart

muscle.

It is

these

impulses

that triggerthe

heart

tocontract.

Each

time the

heart

beats,

it

sends outan electricalsignal.

Detecting

network

(Smart-Dust)

To

get moreaccurate

information in

disaster

areas,one piece of

technology

that

holds

significant promise

is Smart

Dust. Smart Dust

technology

holds

thepotentialtorevo

lutionize

the

way

we

detect

and search

for

signals

from

victims.

Smart Dust

can

be

as

small as a grainofrice,and can

easily

form

an ad

hoc

network within a

defined

space

spacewhich can

be

usedto

find

and monitorvictims

Smart Mesh

Managing

&

deploying

device

(Robot

system)

In

the

disaster

area,new robotic systems can

be

applied

in

situations such as collapsed

buildings,

pollutedareas,and othersitesthataretoo

dangerous for humans

toenter.

These

newtechnologicalsystems could

deploy

smart

dust

to theclosest area where surviviors are

believed

to

be,

and would

carry

a video

camera,

two-way

radio,and

first-aid

kit for

thosewho need

help.

New

equipment

for

rescuers

After gathering

all

information

from

thesmart

dust,

the

information

about survivors

would

be

sent

back

torescuersto

help

them

locate

the

survivors'

exact position.

The

rescuerswill wear a

specially designed helmet for

thissystem.

This

helmet

will provide

thevictims'

location virtually

through thea

Heads

Up Display

(HUD)

screen

including

a

zoom

lens for

improved visualization,

an air curtaintoshield

dirty

air,

a

radio,

and more

HYPOTHESIS

IDEAAPPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Electrode

sources

1.

Brain

waves_Electroencephalogram

(EEG)

Brain

waves are electricalsignals

from

an action

between IPSP

(Inhibitory

postsynaptic

potential)and

EPSP

(Excitory

postsynapticpotential).(4<Rt-

*J

-*J

A.H

i 3

%r

*\

4-*J

J.

21

ICA-S-1J4

'l^^

4^l|

4t.

<3-^, Engsoo

Kim,

Prof.

Taejon

Univ.)

We

can

simply

thinkof

it

as

different levels

ofthe

brain's

voices

in

termsof

human

feeling,

such as

being

happy,

sad, mad,andcomfortable.

Hans

Berger is

the

first

physiologist who recorded

brain

wavesat

1 929

in Germany.

Since

his first

record,

many

scientists

have been

studying brain

waves.

The

machine

usedmeasurethe

brain

waves

is

called an

Electroencephalograph(EEG). EEG is

gener

ally

usedtoevaluate someone with seizure

disorders,

confusion, head injuries

or

other conditionsthat

may be

caused

by

an

abnormality in

the

brain. An EEG

can

help

diagnose

certaintypesof

brain

illnesses

thatcause

worsening

mental

impairment

(dementia)

and

brain

dysfunction,

such as

encephalopathy

caused

by

severe

liver

or

kidney

disease. (Intelihealth: Electroencephalogram

(EEG),

www.intelihealth.com/lh/

ihtlH/WSIHW000/9339/20750.html)

These

days,

neuroscientists are also

studying

brain

waves

for

thought control, too.

Thought

control

technology

is

not a

dream

anymore.

Electrodes implanted in the

brains

of

Parkinson's

disease

patientstransmitsignalsthatmight

someday be

used

tocontrol remote

devices,

the teamat

Duke

University

Medical Center

reported.

Dr.

Miguel

Nicolelis,

theneurobiologist who

led

the

studies,

made

headlines

when

he

traineda

monkey

tomove a robotic arm

using

thoughtsand electrodes

implanted in

her brain.

When

aneuron(brain_cell)gets an

incoming

stimulus at one end-

for

example,

photonsstrikethe retina,whichsendsthatvisual

information

toa

nearby

neuron an

electric pulsetravels theneuron's

length.

Depending

onthesignals

it receives,

a

neuroncan crackle with

hundreds

ofthese

impulses

every

second.

When

each

impulse

reachesthe

far

end ofthe neuron,

it

triggers thecellto

dump

neurotransmitters that

cansparkanew

impulse in

a

neighboring

neuron.

In

this

way, the

signal gets passed

aroundthe

brain like

a

baton

in

a

footrace.

Ultimately,

thisrapid-fire code gives riseto

HYPOTHESIS

IDEA APPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

travel

along

nervesthat

lead

out ofthe

brain

and spreadthrough the

body,

causing

musclestocontract and relax

in

allsortsof

different

patterns,

letting

us

blink,

speak,

walk,

or

play

thesousaphone.

(Popular

sciencep48

Feb 2004

Mind-controlled robots)

Brains

pulse and vibrate

like

every

organ

in

thisworld.

The

brain

pulse can

be

calcu

lated like

noise

in

cycles per secondor

Hertz. Brainwaves

can

be

classified

in 4

big

categories as

Beta,

Alpha,

Theta

and

Delta. Gamma

wavesare nota

big

category

as

others,

but have

thepotentialto

be

used

in

thiscase.

^^g

Delta

)

HYPOTHESIS

IDEA APPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Types

of

Brain

waves

Alpha

Wave

The

frequency

of alphawavesranges

from 8

to

1

3

cyclespersecond.

Alpha

waves

are

usually

detected

atsomestage

in

relaxation andrest.

When

you close your eyes

and

don't

try

to

do any

complex

thinking

or

focusing

on

intense

imagery,

youralpha

waves will

be

relatively

strong.

Some

peoplecall

Alpha

frequency

"meditation

wave."

Commonly,

healthy

andstressless people produce

strong

alpha waves.

However,

alpha

wavescan

be

detected

eventhoughone

is

notrelaxed.

Alpha

"

__ _ ....

Beta Wave

The

frequency

of

beta

waves ranges

from 1 5

to

40

cyclesper second.

When

you are

tense,

anxious,or_excited,

Beta

waves comeout of your

brain.

If Beta

wave

activity is

strong for

an extended periodof

time,

the

brain

getsconfused and nervous.

To

keep

the

best

brain

condition,

it is important

tomaintain

low

beta

wave

frequency.

Beta

wavesareassociated with ourconsciousstate.

During

the

daytime,

the

brains

of nor

HYPOTHESIS

IDEA APPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Theta Wave

The

frequency

ofthetawaves ranges

from

4

to

8

cycles per second.

Theta brain

waves

occurduring

napping,

deep

meditation andshallowsleep.

While

you are

lightly

sleep

ing

or

napping,

thetawaves are produced.

We

can assumethatthisstage

is

the

border

between

consciousnessand

dreaming.

In

this situation,unexpected

images

occur

and some people rememberthe

images

as

if

they

werereal.

Sometimes,

the

illusions

become

visionsorcreative

ideas

for

people.

-Delta

Wave

The

frequency

of

delta

waves ranges

from

2

to

4cycles

persecond.

Delta

wavesare as

sociated with

deep

sleep.

This

wave pattern

is extremely

slow,

low

and

deep.

However,

these

brain

wavesarean

important

key

in understanding

awareness.

It

helps

people

torecovertheirenergy.

Delta

brain

wavesgenerate a stage of

deep

rest,

helping

the

consciousand subconsciousrest,

allowing

them to

be

recharged.

This

patternof

brain

waves could

be

used

for

detecting

disaster

survivors,

because

when people are

trapped underground,

they

would

be panicking

or unconscious.

It

will

help

rescuers

find

victims underground.

Delta

HYPOTHESIS

IDEA APPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Gamma Wave

Gamma

Gamma

waves are also a

category

of

brain

waves,

but

they

are notoneofthe

4

main

categories,

(Alpha, Beta,

Theta,

and

Delta)

because

they

are notcommon.

Gamma

waves occur when neuronssendoutelectricalsignalsattherateofaround

40

times

per second

(40Hz),

but

it

could go

up 70

ormore.

Gamma

waves

have

the

biggest

potential as a source

for

detecting

victimsunderground

because

very

high brain

wave

frequencies,

like

Gamma

waves,occurmostoftenwhenpeople are panicking.

lw#v|W|^

0.4

Illustration

by

ll-chan

Lee

Thought

The human brain

and

its

workings

have been

a

mystery

for

scientists and medical

doc

tors

for

quite a

long

time.

It is

still not

fully

understood.

These

days, however,

scientists

are

beginning

tounravelthemysteries aroundthe

brain,

particularly

as

it

relatesto

hu

man

behavior. These

brain

studies

being

conducted can

be

appliedto

many

different

fields.

One

such

field is

locating

victimsunderground

in

disaster

areas.

If

rescuers

have

devices

thatcan

detect

the

brain

waves of_victims,

it

would

be

mucheasier,

faster,

and

safertorescuethosevictims.The current problem

for utilizing brainwaves

in

such a

fashion is

that

it is

hard

to

detect

thewaves

from

a

distance due

to

the

very low

unit

(micro-voltage)

ofthewaves.

However,

brain

waves

have very

unique patterns and

styles,so

I

believe it

will not

be

a problemto

detect brain

waves

from

greater

distances

HYPOTHESIS

IDEA APPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

2.

Heart

waves

Sinoatrial

(SA)

Node Middle Intemodal Tract Posterior Intemodal Tract

Electrical System

of

the

Heart

Bachmann's Bundle

LeftBundleBranch

Atrioventncular

(AV)

Node

Right Bundle Branch

Illustration

from

http://www.rush.edu/rumc/

images/ei_001

8.jpg

The

heart

is

one ofthemost

important

organs

in

the

human

body.

It is

aboutthesizeofa

human fist

andweighsabout

250g-350g. It is

protected

by

theribcage andpumps

4.7 liter

of

blood

perminute.

The

heart

can't

function

by

itself

though.

It is

partofthe

pulmonary

systemthatsends

blood

through

outthe

body

via

blood

vesselstoget oxygenandnutritionto

allparts ofthe

body by

endlessly

pumping.

The

heart

consists of

4

chambers, twoatria andtwoventricles.

It

has

two

different

pump

functions.

The

heart

includes

specifictissue thatgenerates and sendselectrical

impulses

throughout the

heart

muscle.

The

electrical

impulses

make

the

heart

contract.

Every

time the

heart

beats,

it

sends out an electrical signal.

Today,

theelectrical signals

from

a

heartbeat

can

be

measured

just

as

brainwaves

can

be

measured

(EEG). The

special measur

ing

tool

is

namedan

EKG

or

ECG

(electrocardiogram).

There

are

five different heartbeat

waves called

P, Q,

R, S,

and

T

_wave,

but

we cancategorizethreemajorwaves ofelectricsignals.

The

first

electrical signal

is

the

P

wave, thesecond wave

is

the

QRS

wave,andthe thirdwave

is

theTwave.

The P

wave

is

from

an electrical

activity

ofthe twoupper chambers.

The QRS

wave, the

largest

electricalwave,

is

from

theelectrical

activity

ofthe two

lower

chambers,

and

the third wave, theT wave,

is

from

the

heart

resting.

The

sequence

from

P

waveto

T

wave represents one

heart

cycle.

The

numberofsuch

cycles

in

a minute

is

calledthe

heart

rate and

is

typically

70-80

cycles

(beats)

per min ute at rest

(EKG

-Restand

Exercise (EKG

sensor),pi

10,

1 999 PASCO

scientific).

The

magnitude of

the

QRS

wave

normally

ranges

from

0.1

mVto

1.5

mV.

A

narrow and

high

QRS

wave

indicates

a

physically strong heart (Electrocardiogram

(ECG) I,

http://

www.cs.wright.edu/~phe/EGR199/Lab_1/).

HELP- The ECG isrecorded at a speed of25mm/sec,andthevoltages are calibrated sothat1

mV=_{1 0}

mminthevertical

direction.

Therefore,

each small1-mmsquarerepresents0.04sec

(40

_{msec) in} timeand0.1mVinvoltage.

Because

the

recording

speed_{is standardized,}one cancalculatethe

HYPOTHESIS

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN IDEAAPPLICATION

Types

of

Heartbeating

waves

Pwave

The P

wave

is

theelectrical signalthatactivates atrial musclecontraction.

Both

the

left

and right atria contracttogether.

The P

wave representsthewave of

depolarization

thatspreads

from

the

Sinoatrial

node

(the

special

tissue)

throughout the atria,and

is usually 0.08

to

0.1

seconds

(80-100 ms) in

duration.

The

period oftime

from

theonset ofthe

Pwave

to the

beginning

ofthe

QRS

complex

is

termed the

P-R

interval,

which

normally

ranges

from

0.1 2

to

0.20

seconds

in

duration.

This interval

representsthetime

between

theonsetof atrial

depolarization

andtheonsetof ventricular

depolarization.

(Cardiovascular

Physiology

Concepts,

http://www.cvphysiology.com/Arrhythmias/A009.htm,

Richard

E.

Klabunde,

Ph.D.)

'

T

HYPOTHESIS

IDEA APPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

QRS

wave

The

QRS

_wave

is

_{theelectrical signalthatactivatestheventricular contraction ofthe}

heart

muscle.

It initiates

the

flow

through the ventricles, the

bottom

chambers,as

they

contracttopushthe

blood

out

from

the

heart.

The

duration

ofthe

QRS

complex

is normally 0.06

to

0.1

seconds.

This relatively

short

duration

indicates

thatventricular

depolarization normally

occurs

very

rapidly (Cardio

vascular

Physiology

Concepts,

http://www.cvphysiology.com/Arrhythmias/A009.htm,

Richard

E.KIabunde,

Ph.D.).

The QRS

complex

is usually

tall, tapered,

andvertical,and

is normally

easierto

recog

nize onthe

ECG

among

all other waves.

Twave

TheT

wave

is

the

final

section ofthe

heartbeat,

standing for

ventricular relaxation.

TheT

wave representsventricular repolarizationand

is

longer

in

duration

than

depo

larization (conduction

oftherepolarizationwave

is

slowerthan thewave of

depolar

ization).

(Cardiovascular

Physiology

Concepts,

http://www.cvphysiology.com/Arrhyth-mias/A009.htm,

Richard E.

Klabunde,

Ph.D.)

TheT

wave

is usually less

significant and widerthan the

QRS

complex.

Help--_{Thecells changetheirelectric charge}

by

means of

depolarization

and repolarization.Depo

larization

occurs when_negativelychargedions insidethecelltravelout

from

thecellthrough the

cell membrane and_positivelychargedionstravelin

(Repolarization).

Information

V(i) Durartion(s)

07T6 0.16

'Hi-Li

Intervals) Segments)

I

0.03

*

;"ptt1

Amplitud-<%) Sharpness

6J9

____)

M

com/SiteView.asp?x=7&y=45&z=378(inf

Illustration from

http://www.laxtha.

HYPOTHESIS

IDEAAPPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

QRS

Complex

http://upload.wikimedia.Org/wikipedia/en/5/53/sinusRhythmLables.png

Thought

The

heart

is

considered oneofthe twomost

important

organs

in

the

human

body

because every

move starts

from

the

heart.

The

heart

as anorgan

is

a

huge

challenge

to

doctors

andscientists

just

asthe

human brain

is

since

many

of

its

secrets remain undiscovered.

However,

technologies

have rapidly

improved

overtime

allowing for

terrificadvances.

For

example,

doctors have

reachedthepoint where

they

can replace

failing

human hearts

with

healthy

hearts.

As

for brain

waves,

while

it is

very difficult

tomeasure

heart beat

waves

from

a

distance,

it is

not

impossible.

By

employing

new

technologiessuch as smart

dust,

micro

signals,

such as

brain

waves,

can

be detected

allowing

rescuersto

identify

disaster

survivors.

As

promising

asthat

is,

heart beat

waves could

be

evenmore

promising for

identifying

survivors

because

electrical

signal units

from

the

heart

are much

bigger

and more

easily identified

thanelectrical signals

from

the

brain. Due

to thespecial patterns oftheelectrical signal cycle of

the

heart,

rescuers can

possibly

check

victims'

HYPOTHESIS

IDEA APPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Detecting

Network

(Smart

Dust

Technology)

Microelectromechanical-MEMS

"Tiny

wireless computers canmonitor

hard

toreach

places."

In early 2004

eight

tiny

sensorswere

dropped

from

a plane near a

military

base

in

Twenty-nine

Palms,

CA. After

hitting

the ground, thesensors

--also

known

assmart

dust

sensors

--organizedthemselves

into

a network and

quickly

detected

a

fleet

of

military

vehicles ontheground.

They

determined

the

direction,

speedand size of a series of armored vehicles

traveling

along

theroadand

later

transmittedthe

data

toa

laptop

at a

nearby base camp (Smart

dust,

ACF

newsource,pgOIJim

Demmel,

professor,

Chief

Scientist,

CITRIS (Center for Information

Technology

Research

in

the

Interest

of

Society),

UC Berkeley).

This is

nota scene

from

a

futuristic

movieor ascience

fiction

novel.

Current

MEMS

(Micro-Electro-Mechanical

System) technology

opens

incredible

opportunities

for

almost

every

field.

These

tiny

devices

can

be

used

in virtually every imaginable ap

plication

ranging from

medicine,construction, military,

fashion,

etc.

This

technology

is

named

'Smart

Dust'

because

of

its

size.

UC

Berkeley

engineer

professor

Kris Pister

(CTO,

Dust

Inc.) has developed

this

technology

and

first

called

it 'Smart Dust'. It is

asmall sized sensormodule,aboutthesame size as a grain of

sand, thatcan

fly

in

theair.

The

smart

dust

would contain a_sensor,acontrolcircuit,a

computing

device,

acommunication

device,

and a

self-powering

unit.

"The Smart Dust

mote

is

run

by

amicrocontrollerthatnot

only determines

the

tasksperformed

by

the mote,

but

controls powerto thevarious components ofthe

systemtoconserve energy.

Periodically

themicrocontroller gets a

reading

from

one

ofthe sensors,whichmeasure oneof a number of physical orchemical stimuli such

as

temperature,

ambient

light,

vibration, acceleration,or airpressure,processes

the

data,

andstores

it in

memory.

It

also

occasionally

turnsontheopticalreceiver

tosee

if

anyone

is

trying

tocommunicate with

it. This

communication

may include

newprogramsormessages

from

other motes.

In

responsetoamessage or upon

its

own

initiative

themicrocontroller will usethecorner cube retro reflector or

laser

to

transmitsensor

data

or a messagetoa

base

station or another

mote."(http://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/archive/users/warneke-brett/SmartDust/index.html,

Brett

HYPOTHESIS

IDEA APPLICATION

RESCUINGSYSTEM DESIGN

Smart Dust Mesh Network

-*,_>

m

i.

4

HYPOTHESIS

IDEAAPPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Microelectromechanical--MEMS

Motes

would gather scads of

data

andcommunicatethat

information using

two-way band

radio

between

motes at

distances

approaching 1

,000

feet.

Illustration

by

ll-chan

Lee

The

engineers'

goal wastomake a silicon mote

containing

asensor,a

two-way

ra

dio

module,and a solar

battery

assmall and

light

as possible.

The

current comput

ing

technology

is

focused

on

reducing processing

time, but

the

MEMS

engineers

focused

on

minimizing

theuse of

energy

for

the

device

and

loading

thesmallest

possible sensortocollecttherequired

information,

thus

keeping

theoverall

device

size as small as possible.

Each

device

sensor

is designed

toworktogetherwith

the theother

device

sensorsto

form

a networkand worktogether to

detect

more

accurate and valuable

information.

This

technologicalapproach

holds

tremendous

promise and

is

growing

quickly,

likely

revolutionizing

our

lives

in

thenear

future.

The MEMS

engineers are

expecting

the

Smart Dust

to

immediately

impact indus

triesand applications such as

energy control,

product

line

control,

distribution

networkcontrol and

in

particular, themilitary.

Due

to thecapabilities of

Smart

Dust,

the

technology

can also

be

applied

in

preventing

disasters.

Every

country

spends significant sums of

money

on

safety

inspections

of

multistory

buildings

afterearthquakes,

but

if

they

scatter

Smart Dust

aroundthe

buildings

ahead of

time,

thenetworkof sensors would

be

abletocalcu

late

structural

integrity

during

minortremors thus

alerting

thestructural engineers

topossible weak points

in

the

building

before

a major earthquake occurred.

It

also would

help

firefighters

toextinguish

forest fires.

The

fire-fighting

team

would

dump

Smart

Dust

sensors

into

the

fire from

a

helicopter,

and

the

sensors would

communicate

back

information

aboutthe

first

to the

base camp

in

a

very

short

period.

The

fire-fighting

teamcouldthen

better

predictthe

future direction

of

the

fire

and

potentially

block

the

fire from

spreading.

Picture from

http://

www.jlhlabs.com/

HYPOTHESIS

IDEAAPPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Solar

powered mote with

bidirectional

communications and

sensing (accel

eration and ambient

light)

Picture

from

http://www-bsac.eecs.

berkeley.edu/archive/users/warneke-brett/smartDust/

X12

138mm3

uni-directional com

munication and

sensing (ambient

light)

mote

Picture

from

http://www-bsac.eecs.

HYPOTHESIS

IDEA APPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

X25

XI 20

Picture

from http://

www-bsac.eecs.berke-ley.edu/archive/users/

warneke-brett/smart-Dust/

The

newer

Smart

Dust

would

be

abletosense

trembling,

_chemicals,

waves,

biolog

ical

reactions,

footprints,

voices,still

images,

and even motion

images

and send out

information

aboutthem toanetworkof

collecting

mobile stations or

base

camps.

The Smart Dust

sizewill allow sensorsto

be

implanted into

current products or

equipment andspreadthroughoursurroundings

like

grains of sand.

In

the

future,

NanoTechnology

will createtinier

sensors,

sensors so smallthat

they

would

be

woven

directly

into

thenatural

fiber

ofa chair or

into

the

layers

of plastic

in

a milk

cartonormaybe within

the

ink

on a piece of paper

( GIS,

Information

Technology,

and

BioTech

Take Center Stage in

Supporting

Homeland

Security

Kevin

Coleman,

HYPOTHESIS

IDEAAPPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Thought

Air

Delivery

Vi

Hingedcomputers EteA-archwiart alsooxpfora.y

waystopfctaogthe Wrvssmart "

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Gathering

Data

on

the

Fly

Pcscrzrets s;;rUcvcrsdyc*Cwtovwi_doo'spr^ }v?/. okbvrkcences__tr__f'smartdusT oes^n-wto capture infcwi73iw atsuT [ftp/ cRnomiert wffihSferaOj' (TcWmon_f.

fjcRtfujj-mc'pKJcM^sc^corr7p^^^aiwc!ess couiwatvs atf3tjvfiiWcicftp iujhj enough 10lijn&n svtx/oe?ottiews3tl<me.Asihe/ro!do(Lffieycan niorutof

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;e.-i->eatl*I._ri:i.i_:_J_-_ gloftc and set_ctmgfiresana earthqu&as sroamong Or*nonrntUiyuj.

siawnafvrwaiacouldecuudto

marusc.the Qualtyof aoCuctstramtactcjy

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Illustration

from

http://www.nanotech-now.com/smart-dust.htm

When

the

Smart Dust

technology

is

appliedto

everyday

life,

the

benefits

will

be

significant.

For

example,

if

someone

attachesthe

Smart Dust

sensoronto

his

or

her

clothing, the

sensorcouldsend

information

to thetemperaturecontrol

ler

tomaketheroom morecomfortable.

When Smart Dust

is

attachedto the

fingers

of apianist, therewouldnot need

to

be

a

keyboard

anymore

because

thesensors couldactas

avirtual

keyboard. It is

alwaysachallenge

for

new parents

tomonitortheir

babies. If

the

baby's diaper

containedthe

Smart

Dust

sensor,

every

movement and

location

ofthe

baby

could

be

reportedand alarmedto theparents'

hand

set

device

(e.g.,

cellphone,

PDA). While

some peopleare

concernedthat

Smart Dust

couldallow

for

an

invasion

of

privacy,and thoseaspects ofthe

technology

must

be

ad

dressed

astheapplicationsarecreated, the

benefits

ofthe

technology

are so

impressive

that therisks

do

not outweigh

the

benefits..

The Smart Dust

also opens opportunities

for rescuing

trappedvictims under ground.

The

sensorswould

be

scat

tered throughout the

disaster

area

by deploying

devices

and

theresultant network

(Smart

meshsystem)would collect

in

formation

aboutthe victims,

buildings,

and

many

otherenvi

ronmental conditions.Thisnetworkwould

be

reliable,

easy

to

install

and

highly

manageable.

Because

of

its

size, thesen

sorscould go ascloseas possibleto the victims,and

detect

very

accurate

information

aboutthemandthe

surrounding

environment.

Based

onthe

information

from

the

Smart Dust

sensors,rescuerscould

be

much more

knowledgeable

about

the

disaster

site

improving

the

safety

factor

for

all

involved.

It

would

effectively

savetime

by increasing

theeffective

ness ofthe rescuers, thus

leading

toa

higher probability

of

saving

more victims.

It

would also

directly

affect and protect

rescuers'

lives

because

they

could

continuously

get

informa

tionaboutthe

disaster

site

from

the

network of sensors.

If

this

technology

was

properly

employed whenthe

depart

ment store collapsed

in South

Korea,

or when

the

World

Trade Center

became

ash on

9/1 1

,or when

the

landslide

HYPOTHESIS

IDEAAPPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

SmarDust Helper

concept

Helping

Device

to

Collect

right

Information

Picturesource

from http://www.bose.com/

controller?event=DTC_UNKS_TARGET_EVENT&DTC LinklD=2724&perfsourceid=k1 5318src=k1 531 8

Bose,

an audio systems

company, recently introduced

very

unique

headphones.

They

are acoustic noise

canceling headphones

called

QuietComfort.The

head

phones provide clear sounds and maximizethesound

quality

by

utilizing

noise

reductiontechnology.

The

microphones

in

theear cups

actively

screen what you

hear,

including

sounds you

don't

want

from

theoutside.

The

soundsignals are

electronically

processed,and sort out unwanted and preferredsounds.

The

technology

corrects unwanted sounds and regeneratesthecorrected signals

by

using

a small microphone and electronic

circuitry (inside

ofthe

headset)

thatcan produce anti-noisewaves,and

thereby

cancel or correcttheoutside soundwaves

before

they

getto theuser's ears.

This

process

dramatically

reduces

unnecessary

noise

from

theoutside

reducing auditory

distractions

and

allowing

theuserto experience greater sound

fidelity.

i

j..

4

*

HYPOTHESIS

IDEAAPPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Idea

sketch

' -e !

y

j

i

--.

M

,

25

/3

M*.(r

_,_ i _*_

What if

this

idea

can

be

appliedto

help

Smart Dust

technology

collect

information

aboutvictims trappedunderground?

It

would

be

atremendousaid

in collecting

more

accurate

information

morequickly.

There may

be

many

different

typesof

frequencies

from

all

different

sources aroundthe

disaster

area,andthiscould cause

delays for

rescuers

because

all

information,

including

theunwantedsignals,

have

to

be

inter

preted

for

rescuers.

If

new

technology

could

better

isolate

the

frequencies from

victims

versus

frequencies from

other sources

(e.g.,

otherrescuers) therequiredtime toreach

survivors would

be further

reducedsinceextraneous

information

would not needto

be

considered.

This

new

device

could

be

configuredtosearch out special

frequencies

and

block any

unwanted signals

from

theoutside.

It

will alsocorrect and negate

unnecessary

signals

from

the targetarea

for

rescuers.

Brain

waves and

heart beat

waves are

in

specific

rangesand

very

specialized

in

styles

enabling

the

devices

to

be

ableto

differentiate

human

survivors

from

other potential sources

(e.g.,

rats).

This

device

can

help

the

Smart Dust

sensorstogather

only

information

they

need,

thereby

saving

considerable

HYPOTHESIS

IDEA APPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Foldable

dish for

receiving

and_sendingclear signals

Itwill

help

_portability

Foldable

head for

_portability __

Nailshape

legs

will

be

easier to

be

appliedindisasterarea

Itcan

besplited

as tripodonhardground

w

%i-.>

____________H

BI

mv55N

-I

"v

Si

siot

vim

(ISOLATION)

*i ' _

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f

/

-

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height: 21

width:

HYPOTHESIS

IDEA APPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

SmartMesh

Managing

&

Deploying

Device

Transportation

robot system

Picturesourceform hrtp://www.epson.

co.jp/e/newsroom/news_2003_11_1

8_

2.htm

The Smart

Dust networking is

fairly

new

technology

and

is

still

evolving

today.

There is

aneed

for creating

a specialized system

for

managing

the information

from

the

Smart

Dust

for

thespecificapplication of

finding

underground survivors.

To begin

with,

how

canthe

Smart Dust

sensors

be effectively deployed

aroundthe

disaster? Several differ

ent methods could

be

applied

for

thiscircumstance,such as

using

asmall

RC

helicop

ter,

caterpillar

tank,

robotsystem,

shooting

guns,oracombinationofalloftheabove

options.

Several

yearsago,

Seiko Epson in Japan

introduced theworld's smallest

flying

robot.

It

weighed

only 1 2.3g. It has

wireless,

Bluetooth

functionality,

and

has

its

own

battery

on

board. This

little

helicopter

couldtakepictures

from

a

bird's

eye view abovethe

disas

tersiteandthensendthe

images back

to thecentral computer.

The

mainpurpose of

this

tiny

flying

robot

is for

surveillanceoperations,

spying for military

uses,or

reaching

locations

thatare

hard

togetto.

If

thissmall

flying

device

couldtakeand

deploy

Smart

Dust

sensors aroundthe

disaster

areawhere rescuerscan'treach, the

Smart Dust

network would

be

more accurate and effective.

However,

therearesomeproblemsto

solve

for

commercialuse.

For

example, the

helicopter

can

only

fly

for

3

minuteswith

thecurrent

battery

andthecamera elements are

limited

by

weight

in

orderto

be

able

to

fly. In

spiteoftheseproblems,this

tiny

device has

a

huge

potentialto

help

rescue

people

from

all

kinds

of

different disasters. In

near

future,

there

is

no

doubt

scientists

will solvethecurrent problems withthis

device.

HYPOTHESIS

IDEA APPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Other

transportation

robot system

&

idea

sketches

>g('__l

Mars

exploration

Rover Picture

source

from

http://marsrovers.nasa.gov/technology/

Hi-Energy

vehicle

Picture

source

from

http://www.hienergyinc.com/

TimberJack walking

forest

Picture

source

from

http://masterblog.front.lv/index.php?id=59

HYPOTHESIS

IDEA APPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEMDESIGN

Transportation

robot system

Another

transportation

device

thatcould

be

used

for

this typeofsituation could

be

a

remote controltank.

The

robustness of caterpillartanks

has been

proven

for

decades

during

wars and

in

the

field

ofarchitecture.

It has

the

ability

togothrough

dangerous

areas without people

directly

controlling it. The US

army

used remote controltankro

bots

in

the

Iraq

war

for

reconnaissance ofthe

enemy

positiontoprotecttheirsoldiers.

Today, technology

continuesto

improve resulting in

more

amazing

achievements.

NASA

sentamulti-function remote control robotto

Mars

that

landed

on

Jan 03 2004

on

Mars. It

collected all

different

kinds

ofinformationabout

Mars

from

soilsamplesto

airquality.

NASA didn't

have

tosend

any

astronautstogetthe informationaboutthe

unveiled

land making

the

discovery

much morecosteffectiveandsafer.

This is

not a

future

story.

It is

what

is

happening

today.

',(jo V i'-i- fyS,

WJel:

HYPOTHESIS

IDEA APPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Transportation

robot system

idea

sketch

_*

'

-'p.-^M

M_M^

.

s

f*v ^W(*=_*

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HYPOTHESIS

IDEAAPPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Transportation

robot system

idea

sketch

U^3w

^v

%m

a^-Am**

tw

-*. _^c ,v_&_

o _*%,

.fa,

VJeA-*$*>- 4%^--

=+'!--^H^-.'^*

These

concept sketches are about

how

this tankmoves when

they

meet

tough,

uneven

landscapes

withinthe

disaster

area.

The

main

body

size

is

smallerthana caterpil

lar. Because

ofthis

body

structure,

it

can

keep

running

even

it is

flipped

upside

down. The

body

moves

up

and

down

in

ordertocreateenough

groundclearance.

This

tank

is

controlled

by

a remotesystem con

trolled

from

therescue

headquarters

or

from

rescuers atthe

disaster

area.

This

will

help

rescuerstomore

easily

look

for

victims save

lives.

.1.

-"J7 r>

^

U^ -Hw- ~A**t

IruJc. S'TA W

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o_1 UcvVB, u^ s>*~

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ff1^

HYPOTHESIS

IDEAAPPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Transportation

robot system

Another type

of

transportation

robotsystem

3

f/aJii

^M'M

/._j /M

- <&3*-1

z-brr

cf-V

-n^J _w

_

i?^ly^ C**d\ ^/-Va.

4

WiXyj.

=-r^_^t-.

HYPOTHESIS

IDEAAPPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Transportation

robotsystem

The

benefits

ofthis tanksystem

in

rescueoperationsarethat

it

containsa

built

in

com puter

system,

on

board first

aid,

emergency

food,

andwater

for

victimsandrescuers.

The

built

in

computersystemcouldgathermore accurate

information from

the

Smart

Dust

sensors

in

the

immediate

vicinity.

The built in

computer wouldshowall ofthis

information

through

its

own

LCD

screenand give

instant

alerttorescuersandvictims

through

its warning

light

signals andspeakers.

Even

thoughcaterpillartanksare

very

strong

andsteady,

it

could

have

problems when

it

runs

into

large

scaleobstacles

like

big

steps or

disconnected

paths.

In

these cases,spider robot

legs

could

be

attachedto the

body

in

place ofthecaterpillartread.

Within

the

lumber

industry,

robotswiththese

spider

legs

areusedto

lumber

trees

in

areas with unexpected

landscapes

andstrange geographical

features. While it is very difficult

tomovearound withcaterpillartanks

in

mountainous_{areas, tanks}equipped with spider

legs

can move

easily up

and

down

in

thosesame areas.

Although

disaster

areas offerunique

landscape

challenges, techno

logical

advancements will

be

ableto

find

a

way

tomeetthosechallenges.

On 9/1 1

atthe

World Trade Center in

NY,

many

rescuers

lost

their

lives

during

theres

cue operation.

If

theright

searching device

could

have been

employedatthe

disaster

area

instead

of

having

rescuers

dig

through therubblemanually,or

if

therescuers

could

have been

given more precise

information

aboutthe

terrain,

there

likely

would

not

have

been

as

many innocent

rescuer

lives

lost.

HYPOTHESIS

IDEA APPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Deploying

&

detecting

device

Dimension

Computer

generated

rendering

by

ll-chan Lee

This

device's

weight

is

relatively light

since

it is

made of

titanium.

This

helps

prevent

it

from

falling

through

thinor weak

floors

that

may be

HYPOTHESIS

IDEA APPLICATION

RESCUING SYSTEM DESIGN

Final

Rendering

(perspective view)

Transportation

robot system

Computer

generated

rendering

by

ll-chan Lee

This

deploying

and

detecting

device

contains a

built-in

computer

for

calcu

lating

data

received

from

the

Smart Dust

system.

The LCD

provides collected

information

torescuers

in the

area who

do

not

have

accessto thecentral

computeror

do

not

have

portable equipment such as

PDA

toaccessthe

network.

Zoom

and night vision camera c