Contribution of Mountain Glacier Melting to Sea Level Changes: Recent Past and Future

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Data set of Zuo and Oerlemans

[image:1.595.165.490.464.778.2]

(1997a)

Table A.1 lists details of 100 glaciated regions adopted from Zuo and Oerlemans (1997a) and used in this thesis. In particular, latitude and longitude of the centred locations, the areas (in km2), and the annual precipitation rates (in m w.e. year−1) are given.

glaciated region lat long area prec

1 Ellesmere 80 -80 80,000 0.22

2 Axel Heiberg 79 -92 11,700 0.22

3 Devon Island 75 -82 16,200 0.225

4 N-Baﬃn Island 72 -78 18,500 0.312

5 S-Baﬃn Island 67 -66 18,500 0.5

6 Bylot Island 73 -78 5,000 0.22

7 Brooks Range 68 -150 722 0.375

8 Alaska Range 63 -151 13,900 0.875

9 Talkeetna Mts. 62 -149 800 0.875

10 Kilbuck Mts. 61 -160 230 0.75

11 Aleutian Island 54 -166 960 1.5

12 Alaska Peninsula 57 -157 1,250 1.25

13 Seward Peninsula 60 -149 100 3

14 Kenai Mts. 60 -150 4,600 1.25

15 Wrangell Mts. 62 -143 8,300 1.25

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17 St. Elias Mts. 61 -141 11,800 1.5

18 Coast Mts. 59 -134 10,500 2.5

19 Stikine River 57 -131 5,070 1.5

20 Yukon Territory 61 -140 10,000 1.5

21 Selwyn Mts. 62.5 -128 600 0.75

22 Rocky Mts. 58 -125 300 0.75

23 Coast Mts. 51 -125 13,500 2.5

24 Olympic Mts. 48 -123 46 4

25 N-Cascades 48.3 -121 266 2.5

26 Mt. Rainer / Adams 46 -122 63 4

27 Rocky Mts. 52 -118 3,000 1

28 Selkirk Mts. 51 -117 1,000 1.5

29 Rocky Mts. 44 -109 74 0.562

30 Sierra Nevada 37 -118 51 1

31 Mexico 19 -97 4 2.5

32 Mexico 19 -98.5 4 1.25

33 Mexico 19 -100 3 1.75

34 S.Nev de Merida 8.5 -71 3 1.5

35 Nev. del Huila 3 -76 19 1.5

36 Nev. del Ruzy / Tolima 4.7 -75.4 24 3

37 Nev. del Cocuy 6.5 -72.3 39 1.25

38 S. Nev de Santa Marta 10.8 -73.6 19 4

39 Ecuador -0.8 -78.2 111 3.5

40 N. Cordilleras -10 -77 873 1.5

41 N. Cordilleras -12 -75.5 258 1

42 S. Cordilleras -15 -73 649 0.813

43 Cordilleras Oriental -15.6 -68 51 1.12

44 Andes, 30-16S -23 -67.5 2,800 0.375

45 Chili -34 -70 743 1.5

46 Mendoza / San Juan -33 -70 1,170 1.5

47 Neuquen -37 -70 156 3.5

48 Chili -43 -72 3,570 3

49 N. Patagonia -47 -73.5 5,720 2

50 S. Patagonia -50 -73.5 16,900 2

51 Tierra del Fuego -54.5 -70.5 2,700 2

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53 Vatnajokull 65.5 -17 8,300 4

54 Langjokull 65 -20 953 4

55 Hofsjokull 65.5 -19 925 2.5

56 Myrdalsjokull 63.5 -19 600 4

57 Drangajokull 66 -22 160 2.5

58 Svalbard 79 18 36,600 0.375

59 Franz Josef Land 81 57 13,700 0.312

60 Novaya Zemlya 75 57 23,600 0.5

61 Severnaya Zemlya 79 98 18,300 0.25

62 N. Scandinavia 67.5 17 1,080 2.5

63 S. Norway 61.7 7.4 1,630 4

64 Alps 46 7.5 2,910 2

65 Pyrenees 42.5 0 12 2

66 Bol’shoy Kavkaz 42.5 44 1,340 1.5

67 Turkey 38 43.5 24 1.25

68 Iran 38 46.5 20 0.75

69 Severnity Ural 66 61 800 1

70 Ili + Chu 43 77.5 2,300 1

71 Syrdar’ya / Amudar’ya 38 71 10,700 1

72 Tarim Ba 42 77.5 320 0.75

73 Pakistan/India 36 76 40,000 1.75

74 Nanga Parbat 35.3 74.6 301 1.25

75 Chitral 36.4 72.4 1,350 2

76 Himalaya / Nepal 28 87 12,700 0.75

77 Bhutan 28 90 1,340 0.75

78 Niangtingtanggula 30 89 7,540 1

79 Qilian Shan 39 99 2,380 0.75

80 Altai Shan 47 91 293 0.375

81 Kunlun Shan 36 87 11,600 0.25

82 Tyan Shan 42 80 9,550 1

83 Tanggula Shan 33 91 2,080 0.75

84 Hengduan Shan 28 99 1,460 1

85 Gangdisi Shan 31 82 2,190 0.625

86 Dzungarsky Alatau 45 80 910 1

87 Qiangtang Plateau 34 87 3,190 0.25

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89 Cherskogo 65 145 372 0.875

90 Koryakskoye Khrebet 62.5 171 260 1.25

91 Suntar Khayata 62.5 141 202 1

92 Kodar 57.5 117 19 0.75

93 Kamtchatka 57.5 160 874 0.5

94 Mt. Kenya -0.2 37.3 1 1.75

95 Mt. Kilimandjaro -3.1 37.3 5 1.37

96 Ruwenzori 0.4 30 5 1.37

97 Irian Jaya -4 137 7 3.75

98 New Zealand -43.4 170 1,000 1.87

99 Kerguelen Island -49 69 450 1.07

[image:4.595.99.435.105.355.2]

100 Heard Island -53 73.5 450 1.72

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Supporting material for Chapter 2

Topographic maps of Alaska and Svalbard

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54°N

56°N

58°N

60°N

62°N

64°N

160°W

155°W

150°W

145°W

140°W

135°W

[image:6.595.90.448.108.749.2]

130°W

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76°N

77°N

78°N

79°N

80°N

81°N

[image:7.595.119.531.243.618.2]

10°E

15°E

20°E

25°E

30°E

35°E

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Location of glaciated region and precipitation data

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gl. region prec. grid dist gl lat long lat long [km]

1 80 -80 80 -86.25 121

2 79 -92 80 -86.25 161

3 75 -82 75 -93.75 338

4 72 -78 70 -82.5 276

5 ₆₇ _-66 ₆₅ _-67.5 ₂₃₃

6 73 -78 70 -82.5 369

7 68 -150 67.5 -150 56 8 63 -151 62.5 -150 75 9 62 -149 62.5 -150 76 10 ₆₁ _-160 ₆₀ _-161.25 ₁₃₁ 11 54 -166 55 -161.25 326 12 57 -157 57.5 -157.5 63 13 60 -149 60 -150 56 14 60 -150 60 -150 0 15 ₆₂ _-143 _62.5 _-142.5 ₆₁ 16 61 -145 60 -146.25 131 17 61 -141 60 -138.75 166 18 59 -134 60 -135 125 19 57 -131 57.5 -131.25 58 20 ₆₁ _-140 ₆₀ _-138.75 ₁₃₁ 21 _62.5 _-128 ₆₅ _-127.5 ₂₇₉ 22 58 -125 60 -123.75 234 23 51 -125 50 -123.75 142 24 48 -123 47.5 -123.75 79 25 48.3 -121 47.5 -120 116 26 ₄₆ _-122 ₄₅ _-123.75 ₁₇₆ 27 52 -118 52.5 -116.25 132 28 51 -117 50 -116.25 123 29 44 -109 45 -108.75 113 30 37 -118 37.5 -116.25 165

31 ₁₉ _-97 ₂₀ _-97.5 ₁₂₃

32 19 -98.5 20 -97.5 153 33 19 -100 20 -101.25 172 34 8.5 -71 7.5 -71.25 115 35 3 -76 2.5 -75 124

36 _4.7 _-75.4 ₅ _-75 ₅₅

37 6.5 -72.3 7.5 -71.25 161 38 10.8 -73.6 10 -71.25 272 39 -0.8 -78.2 0 -78.75 108 40 -10 -77 -10 -75 219 41 _-12 _-75.5 _-12.5 _-75 ₇₈ 42 _-15 _-73 _-15 _-75 ₂₁₅ 43 -15.6 -68 -15 -67.5 86 44 -23 -67.5 -20 -67.5 334 45 -34 -70 -35 -71.25 160 46 _-33 _-70 _-32.5 _-71.25 ₁₂₉ 47 _-37 _-70 _-37.5 _-71.25 ₁₂₄ 48 -43 -72 -42.5 -71.25 83 49 -47 -73.5 -47.5 -71.25 179 50 -50 -73.5 -50 -71.25 161

51 _-54.5 _-70.5 _-55 _-67.5 ₂₀₀ 52 -57 -35 -60 -45 669 53 65.5 -17 65 -18.75 99

54 65 -20 65 -18.75 59

55 65.5 -19 65 -18.75 57 56 _63.5 _-19 _62.5 _-18.75 ₁₁₂

57 66 -22 65 -22.5 114

58 79 18 77.5 15 180

59 81 57 80 78.75 412

60 75 57 80 78.75 755

61 ₇₉ ₉₈ ₈₀ _78.75 ₄₀₄

62 _67.5 ₁₇ _67.5 _18.75 ₇₅ 63 61.7 7.4 62.5 7.5 89 64 46 7.5 45 7.5 111 65 42.5 0 42.5 0 0 66 42.5 44 42.5 45 82 67 ₃₈ _43.5 _37.5 ₄₅ ₁₄₃ 68 38 46.5 37.5 45 143 69 66 61 65 60 120 70 43 77.5 42.5 78.75 116 71 38 71 37.5 71.25 59.8 72 ₄₂ _77.5 _42.5 _78.75 _116.9

73 36 76 35 75 143.4

74 35.3 74.6 35 75 49.3 75 36.4 72.4 37.5 71.25 159.4

76 28 87 27.5 90 300.4

77 ₂₈ ₉₀ _27.5 ₉₀ _55.6 78 30 89 30 90 96.3

79 39 99 40 97.5 170.1

80 47 91 47.5 90 93.7 81 36 87 37.5 86.25 179.7 82 ₄₂ ₈₀ _42.5 _78.75 _116.9

83 ₃₃ ₉₁ ₃₀ ₉₀ _346.8

84 28 99 27.5 97.5 157.7

85 31 82 30 78.75 330.6

86 45 80 45 78.75 98.3

[image:9.595.121.484.169.674.2]

87 34 87 37.5 86.25 395.0 88 ₆₈ ₁₂₈ _67.5 _123.75 _187.3 89 65 145 65 146.25 58.8 90 62.5 171 62.5 172.5 77.1 91 62.5 141 62.5 142.5 77.1 92 57.5 117 57.5 120 179.2 93 _57.5 ₁₆₀ _57.5 _161.25 _74.7 94 -0.2 37.3 0 37.5 31.4 95 -3.1 37.3 -2.5 37.5 70.3 96 0.4 30 0 30 44.5 97 -4 137 -7.5 138.75 434.7 98 _-43.4 ₁₇₀ _-45 _168.75 _203.9 99 -49 69 -50 71.25 196.9 100 -53 73.5 -50 71.25 368.1

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Average

annual

mean

precipitation

of

three

sources

Table B.2 lists average annual precipitation rates of 100 glaciated regions from three sources:

P_Z&O data from Zuo and Oerlemans (1997a)

P_CRUaver calculated from data of the Climate Research Unit (CRU) P_OFaver calculated from the data sets provided by Siobhan O’Farrell

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gl P_Z_&_O P_CRUaver P_OFaver 1 _0.22 _0.085_±_0.028< _0.259_±_0.045₊ 2 _0.22 _0.085_±_0.028< _0.251_±_0.042₊ 3 0.225 0.176±0.039< 0.226±0.0.35+ 4 0.312 0.261±0.064 0.425±0.058 + 5 0.5 0.514±0.119+ 0.582±0.093+ 6 0.22 0.261±0.064+ 0.260±0.040+ 7 _0.375 _0.426_±_0.103+ _0.698_±_{0.074 +} 8 0.875 0.691±0.117 1.652±0.185 + 9 0.875 0.691±0.117 1.976±0.225 + 10 0.75 0.541±0.165 1.076±0.113 + 11 1.5 1.153±0.235 1.368±0.105 12 _1.25 _0.653_±_0.117 _1.214_±_0.112 13 3 0.685±0.114 1.755±0.217 14 1.25 0.685±0.114 1.631±0.191 + 15 1.25 0.306±0.056 1.791±0.176 + 16 1.75 3.435±1.007+ 2.024±0.247 + 17 _1.5 _4.628_±_0.926+ _2.368_±_{0.261 +} 18 2.5 0.347±0.058 2.345±0.274 19 1.5 1.574±0.182+ 2.580±0.313 + 20 1.5 4.628±0.926+ 2.368±0.261 + 21 0.75 0.386±0.081 0.718±0.078 22 _0.75 _0.543_±_0.092 _1.276_±_{0.121 +} 23 _2.5 _1.423_±_0.198 _2.478_±_0.345 24 4 2.284±0.334 1.798±0.253 25 2.5 0.833±0.133 1.826±0.270 26 4 2.016±0.331 1.530±0.242 27 1 0.540±0.069 1.294±0.121 + 28 _1.5 _0.761_±_0.110 _0.880_±_0.095 29 0.562 0.421±0.073 0.947±0.116 + 30 1 0.173±0.053< 0.565±0.225 31 2.5 2.408±0.325 1.354±0.287 32 1.25 2.408±0.325+ 1.996±0.270 + 33 _1.75 _1.003_±_0.142 _1.996_±_0.270₊ 34 1.5 1.818±0.260+ 1.575±0.317+ 35 1.5 2.025±0.338+ 5.586±0.470 + 36 3 1.020±0.173 4.520±0.596 + 37 1.25 1.818±0.260+ 2.216±0.289 + 38 ₄ _1.276_±_0.209 _0.200_±_0.171_< 39 3.5 1.529±0.373 6.851±0.369 + 40 1.5 3.931±0.792+ 2.713±0.403 + 41 1 0.885±0.160 2.090±0.385 + 42 0.813 0.006±0.006< 0.316±0.193 43 _1.12 _2.561_±_0.574+ _2.467_±_{0.241 +} 44 _0.375 _0.515_±_0.154+ _0.457_±_0.259₊ 45 1.5 1.204±0.308 0.435±0.119 46 1.5 0.498±0.218 0.297±0.103 47 3.5 1.511±0.331 0.480±0.109 48 3 0.915±0.171 1.206±0.127 49 ₂ _0.441_±_0.126 _1.475_±_0.127 50 2 0.215±0.051< 1.248±0.108

[image:11.595.123.503.142.644.2]

gl P_Z_&_O P_CRUaver P_OFaver 51 2 0.693±0.146 1.662±0.131 52 1 0.593±0.259 1.147±0.070+ 53 ₄ _0.610_±_0.112 _0.951_±_0.094 54 4 0.610±0.112 0.907±0.105 55 2.5 0.610±0.112 0.899±0.100 56 4 1.843±0.263 0.915±0.100 57 2.5 0.999±0.168 1.075±0.115 58 _0.375 _0.459_±_0.154₊ _0.461_±_0.066₊ 59 _0.312 _0.273_±_0.096 _0.322_±_0.050₊ 60 0.5 0.273±0.096 0.376±0.070 61 0.25 0.273±0.096+ 0.296±0.047+ 62 2.5 0.638±0.082 0.756±0.093 63 ₄ _1.442_±_0.257 _0.964_±_0.114 64 ₂ _1.222_±_0.214 _1.639_±_0.202 65 2 0.788±0.149 0.646±0.135 66 1.5 0.983±0.118 1.114±0.170 67 1.25 0.486±0.076 0.628±0.145 68 0.75 0.486±0.076 0.437±0.117 69 ₁ _0.623_±_0.117 _0.816_±_0.096 70 1 0.478±0.086 0.688±0.123 71 1 0.369±0.097 0.786±0.165 72 0.75 0.478±0.086 0.816±0.121+ 73 1.75 0.860±0.182 0.895±0.136 74 _1.25 _0.860_±_0.182 _0.834_±_0.259 75 2 0.369±0.097 1.027±0.213 76 0.75 3.409±0.469+ 1.806±0.207+ 77 0.75 3.409±0.469+ 1.322±0.140+ 78 1 0.551±0.104 0.570±0.110 79 _0.75 _0.089_±_0.030< _0.728_±_0.074 80 _0.375 _0.155_±_0.039< _0.470_±_0.069+ 81 0.25 0.027±0.017< 1.163±0.138+ 82 1 0.478±0.086 0.577±0.151 83 0.75 0.551±0.104 0.145±0.059< 84 ₁ _0.816_±_0.114 _2.053_±_0.184+ 85 _0.625 _1.646_±_0.358+ _1.415_±_0.274+ 86 1 0.391±0.082 0.350±0.077 87 0.25 0.027±0.017< 0.290±0.063+ 88 0.625 0.356±0.061 0.557±0.077 89 0.875 0.312±0.075 0.697±0.075 90 _1.25 _0.404_±_0.093 _0.891_±_0.124 91 1 0.259±0.066 0.794±0.125 92 0.75 0.429±0.076 0.970±0.110+ 93 0.5 0.757±0.136+ 0.763±0.110+ 94 1.75 1.315±0.266 0.489±0.202 95 _1.37 _1.032_±_0.216 _0.469_±_0.220 96 1.37 1.386±0.164+ 2.447±0.252+ 97 3.75 1.813±0.417 3.822±0.864+ 98 1.87 1.091±0.187 1.261±0.138 99 1.07 0.992±0.319 1.649±0.095+ 100 _1.72 _0.992_±_0.319 _1.415_±_0.088 aver 1.49 1.00 1.28

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Trends of precipitation data sets

Table B.3 lists linear trends in precipitation of 100 glaciated regions calculated from the data set of the Climate Research Unit, CRU. The time periods vary for each region, not covering time before 1900 or after 1998 at all.

Trends in precipitation of 53 glaciated regions arepositive. Of these: 35 trends are signiﬁcant at a 1σ level

23 trends are signiﬁcant at a 2σ level 4 trends are signiﬁcant at a 3σ level

Trends in precipitation of 47 glaciated regions arenegative. Of these: 23 trends are signiﬁcant at a 1σ level

Table B.4 lists precipitation trends of 100 glaciated regions calculated from the data set of SiobhanO’Farrell. Data for the time period 1871-2000 is available and is given on a 1.875o longitude by ∼1.86o latitude grid.

Trends in precipitation of 66 glaciated regions arepositive. Of these: 37 trends are signiﬁcant at a 1σ level

Trends in precipitation of 34 glaciated regions arenegative. Of these: 10 trends are signiﬁcant at a 1σ level

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gl trend 1 0.649 ±0.257 2 0.649 ±0.257 3 0.697 ±0.375 4 −0.234 ±0.701 5 0.731 ±1.166 6 −0.234 ±0.701 7 −0.139 ±0.383 8 −0.230 ±0.425 9 −0.230 ±0.425 10 −1.726 ±0.822 11 1.970 ±1.445 12 −1.409 ±0.497 13 −0.019 ±0.434 14 −0.019 ±0.434 15 0.011 ±0.210 16 −11.788 ±3.461 17 1.951 ±3.269 18 −0.624 ±0.195 19 −1.554 ±0.622 20 1.951 ±3.269 21 −0.066 ±0.362 22 0.722 ±0.316 23 1.125 ±0.690 24 1.091 ±1.213 25 0.803 ±0.464 26 0.138 ±1.173 27 0.558 ±0.236 28 1.223 ±0.367 29 0.565 ±0.252 30 0.324 ±0.185 31 −1.599 ±1.262 32 −1.599 ±1.262 33 0.442 ±0.554 34 −0.832 ±0.985

gl trend 35 −1.149 ± 1.378 36 −0.254 ± 0.680 37 −0.832 ± 0.985 38 −0.357 ± 0.794 39 −1.789 ± 1.563 40 19.526 ± 8.232 41 −0.065 ± 2.055 42 −0.098 ± 0.082 43 −4.982 ± 2.031 44 −0.210 ± 0.545 45 −2.516 ± 1.059 46 −2.074 ± 0.743 47 −2.611 ± 1.141 48 −0.771 ± 0.600 49 1.298 ± 0.466 50 −0.346 ± 0.338 51 −0.650 ± 0.560 52 3.720 ± 1.248 53 0.420 ± 0.394 54 0.420 ± 0.394 55 0.420 ± 0.394 56 3.740 ± 0.850 57 0.538 ± 0.590 58 4.036 ± 0.938 59 0.334 ± 1.346 60 0.334 ± 1.346 61 0.334 ± 1.346 62 1.120 ± 0.268 63 2.025 ± 0.886 64 −0.318 ± 0.757 65 −0.180 ± 0.528 66 −0.114 ± 0.416 67 −0.088 ± 0.268 68 −0.088 ± 0.268

gl trend

[image:13.595.141.517.162.680.2]

69 1.030 ± 0.406 70 0.131 ± 0.308 71 0.823 ± 0.337 72 0.131 ± 0.308 73 0.477 ± 0.671 74 0.477 ± 0.671 75 0.823 ± 0.337 76 −3.555 ± 1.672 77 −3.555 ± 1.672 78 −0.328 ± 0.378 79 0.007 ± 0.218 80 0.050 ± 0.139 81 0.450 ± 0.183 82 0.131 ± 0.308 83 −0.328 ± 0.378 84 −0.490 ± 0.413 85 −0.845 ± 1.282 86 0.349 ± 0.288 87 0.450 ± 0.183 88 0.233 ± 0.243 89 0.568 ± 0.267 90 1.193 ± 0.441 91 0.670 ± 0.338 92 0.709 ± 0.259 93 0.992 ± 0.675 94 1.223 ± 0.960 95 −1.013 ± 0.782 96 1.260 ± 0.583 97 −1.986 ± 1.507 98 −2.084 ± 0.674 99 −15.554 ± 4.119 100 −15.554 ± 4.119

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gl trend 1 0.177 ± 0.103 2 0.056 ± 0.099 3 0.173 ± 0.083 4 0.287 ± 0.136 5 0.246 ± 0.214 6 0.192 ± 0.095 7 0.261 ± 0.173 8 0.471 ± 0.443 9 0.612 ± 0.534 10 0.182 ± 0.263 11 0.653 ± 0.237 12 0.563 ± 0.255 13 0.853 ± 0.518 14 0.637 ± 0.457 15 0.580 ± 0.416 16 0.925 ± 0.590 17 1.274 ± 0.616 18 1.928 ± 0.641 19 1.344 ± 0.734 20 1.274 ± 0.616 21 0.143 ± 0.184 22 −0.252 ± 0.287 23 0.665 ± 0.858 24 0.504 ± 0.632 25 0.466 ± 0.674 26 −0.067 ± 0.598 27 0.043 ± 0.291 28 −0.169 ± 0.222 29 −0.099 ± 0.266 30 −0.035 ± 0.528 31 −0.718 ± 0.667 32 0.394 ± 0.623 33 0.394 ± 0.623 34 −0.544 ± 0.737

gl trend 35 −0.979 ± 1.100 36 0.563 ± 1.398 37 0.199 ± 0.672 38 −0.323 ± 0.405 39 −1.384 ± 0.864 40 0.337 ± 0.933 41 0.552 ± 0.909 42 −0.075 ± 0.449 43 1.706 ± 0.559 44 0.361 ± 0.609 45 −0.678 ± 0.277 46 −0.437 ± 0.238 47 −0.781 ± 0.255 48 −0.722 ± 0.297 49 −0.398 ± 0.293 50 −0.025 ± 0.251 51 0.255 ± 0.300 52 0.395 ± 0.160 53 0.342 ± 0.216 54 0.644 ± 0.248 55 0.255 ± 0.233 56 0.531 ± 0.237 57 0.213 ± 0.265 58 0.077 ± 0.157 59 0.145 ± 0.115 60 0.314 ± 0.163 61 0.063 ± 0.107 62 0.388 ± 0.212 63 0.294 ± 0.268 64 −0.053 ± 0.473 65 0.124 ± 0.321 66 −0.884 ± 0.388 67 −0.170 ± 0.335 68 −0.054 ± 0.272

[image:14.595.82.447.163.677.2]

gl trend 69 0.471 ± 0.226 70 −0.213 ± 0.296 71 0.133 ± 0.428 72 −0.404 ± 0.297 73 0.282 ± 0.328 74 0.739 ± 0.600 75 0.406 ± 0.534 76 −0.014 ± 0.485 77 −0.269 ± 0.335 78 −0.180 ± 0.255 79 0.152 ± 0.173 80 0.203 ± 0.162 81 0.978 ± 0.339 82 −0.083 ± 0.364 83 0.121 ± 0.136 84 0.555 ± 0.436 85 0.610 ± 0.629 86 −0.254 ± 0.179 87 0.216 ± 0.149 88 0.171 ± 0.183 89 0.192 ± 0.183 90 −0.017 ± 0.287 91 −0.132 ± 0.290 92 −0.075 ± 0.267 93 0.607 ± 0.247 94 −0.071 ± 0.466 95 −0.092 ± 0.509 96 −0.451 ± 0.583 97 0.626 ± 2.033 98 0.459 ± 0.319 99 0.210 ± 0.228 100 0.173 ± 0.202

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temperature

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glaciated region station - observed corr. coeﬀ dist yrs

Alask

a

7 Brooks Range 1 Umiat −0.28 177 10 3 Allakaket 0.07 194 64 12 Alaska Peninsula 1 King Salmon 0.04 190 71 2 Iliamna FAA Airport 0.10 334 47 15 Wrangell Mts. 1 Yakataga Airport 0.43 213 15 17 St. Elias Mts. 1 Yakataga Airport 0.57 129 15 18 Coast Mts.

1 Graham Inlet −0.53 68 16 4 Haines 0.09 83 63 7 Gustavus 0.57 119 16 20 Yukon Territory 1 Yakataga Airport 0.59 169 15 2 Burwash, Yukon 0.08 86 23

NW

USA

23 Coast Mts. 1 Mosley Creek −0.52 67 10 2 Tatlayoko Lake 0.05 88 61 25 N. Cascades 1 Stehekin 0.03 25 82 2 Winthrop 0.01 63 87 29 Rocky Mts. 1 Buﬀalo Bill Dam −0.05 25 89 3 Red Lodge 0.11 134 97

Sth.

Am. 49 N. Patagonia

1 Puerto Aysen −0.02 188 27 2 Balmaceda 0.22 184 26 51 Tierra del Fuego 1 Punta Arenas −0.15 168 109

2 Rio Gallegos 0.31 332 60

Arctic

53 Vatnajokull 1 Akureyri 0.14 55 115 55 Hofsjokull 1 Akureyri 0.14 47 115 58 Svalbard 1 Svalbard −0.19 105 19 59 Franz Josef Land 1 Gmo Im 0.02 48 39 2 Ostrov Vize 0.15 409 46

Europ

e

62 N. Scandinavia 2 Tromo -0.18 237 76 63 S. Norway 2 Dombas Norway 0.08 95 95 5 Hellisoy Fyr 0.14 176 75 64 Alps 1 Basel −0.08 178 100

6 Saentis 0.16 192 114 65 Pyrenees 2 Pic Du Midi France 0.28 45 36

Asia

71 Syrdar’ya Amudar’ya 2 Dir 0.12 244 10 76 Himalaya / Nepal 4 Darjeeling 0.10 163 97 80 Altai Shan 1 Bulgan 0.52 110 21 4 Hovd 0.00 120 46 84 Hengduan Shan 1 Deqen 0.18 56 37 2 Daocheng 0.24 176 34

[image:16.595.65.473.133.697.2]

NZ 98 New Zealand 1 Christchurch 0.20 202 92

(17)

glaciated region station - observed corr. coeﬀ dist yrs

Alask

a

7 Brooks Range 1 Umiat −0.46 177 10 3 Allakaket 0.13 194 64 12 Alaska Peninsula 1 King Salmon 0.01 190 71 2 Iliamna FAA Airport 0.02 334 47 15 Wrangell Mts. 1 Yakataga Airport −0.01 213 15 17 St. Elias Mts. 1 Yakataga Airport 0.02 129 15 18 Coast Mts.

1 Graham Inlet 0.18 68 16 4 Haines 0.14 83 63 7 Gustavus 0.07 119 16 20 Yukon Territory 1 Yakataga Airport 0.02 169 15 2 Burwash, Yukon 0.14 86 23

NW

USA

23 Coast Mts. 1 Mosley Creek 0.08 67 10 2 Tatlayoko Lake −0.19 88 61 25 N. Cascades 1 Stehekin 0.15 25 82 2 Winthrop −0.05 63 87 29 Rocky Mts. 1 Buﬀalo Bill Dam 0.06 25 89 3 Red Lodge 0.09 134 97

Sth.

Am. 49 N. Patagonia

1 Puerto Aysen 0.03 188 27 2 Balmaceda −0.14 184 26 51 Tierra del Fuego 1 Punta Arenas −0.22 168 109

2 Rio Gallegos 0.06 332 60

Arctic

53 Vatnajokull 1 Akureyri −0.17 55 115 55 Hofsjokull 1 Akureyri −0.24 47 115 58 Svalbard 1 Svalbard −0.42 105 19 59 Franz Josef Land 1 Gmo Im 0.14 48 39 2 Ostrov Vize 0.09 409 46

Europ

e

62 N. Scandinavia 2 Tromo 0.05 237 76 63 S. Norway 2 Dombas Norway 0.04 95 95 5 Hellisoy Fyr 0.04 176 75 64 Alps 1 Basel 0.11 178 100

6 Saentis 0.26 192 114 65 Pyrenees 2 Pic Du Midi France −0.17 45 36

Asia

71 Syrdar’ya Amudar’ya 2 Dir −0.08 244 10 76 Himalaya / Nepal 4 Darjeeling −0.03 163 97 80 Altai Shan 1 Bulgan −0.01 110 21 4 Hovd 0.14 120 46 84 Hengduan Shan 1 Deqen 0.13 56 37 2 Daocheng 0.26 176 34

[image:17.595.121.529.136.698.2]

NZ 98 New Zealand 1 Christchurch 0.15 202 92

(18)

Linear trends in temperature over the period

1871-1990

Table B.7 lists linear trends in temperature of 100 glaciated regions over the period 1871-1990 using T_G and T_OF.

Temperature trends based on theGregory data set:

Trends in temperature of 97 glaciated regions are positive. Of those: 92 trends are signiﬁcant at a 1σ level

Trends in temperature of 3 glaciated regions are negative: Of those: 1 trend is signiﬁcant at a 1σ level.

Temperature trends based on theO’Farrell data set:

(19)

2 0.0080±0.0040 0.0091 ±0.0022

3 0.0031±0.0029 0.0097 ±0.0027

4 0.0032±0.0027 0.0100 ±0.0027

5 −0.0017±0.0033 0.0064 ±0.0033

6 0.0032±0.0027 0.0088 ±0.0032

7 0.0105±0.0025 0.0073 ±0.0034

8 0.0041±0.0023 0.0071 ±0.0038

9 0.0041±0.0023 0.0066 ±0.0033

10 0.0103±0.0048 0.0033 ±0.0038

11 0.0063±0.0026 0.0011 ±0.0013

12 0.0051±0.0031 0.0024 ±0.0017

13 0.0044±0.0041 0.0058 ±0.0030

14 0.0044±0.0041 0.0054 ±0.0030

15 0.0043±0.0022 0.0068 ±0.0029

16 0.0046±0.0045 0.0067 ±0.0030

17 0.0041±0.0034 0.0066 ±0.0028

18 0.0038±0.0024 0.0068 ±0.0027

19 0.0059±0.0022 0.0059 ±0.0023

20 0.0039±0.0026 0.0066 ±0.0028

21 0.0051±0.0021 0.0077 ±0.0024

22 0.0051±0.0022 0.0070 ±0.0022

23 0.0012±0.0015 0.0061 ±0.0019

24 0.0022±0.0015 0.0054 ±0.0015

25 0.0032±0.0022 0.0061 ±0.0016

26 0.0018±0.0014 0.0060 ±0.0015

27 0.0026±0.0016 0.0083 ±0.0017

28 0.0016±0.0014 0.0081 ±0.0016

29 0.0032±0.0021 0.0087 ±0.0015

30 0.0020±0.0022 0.0076 ±0.0018

31 0.0038±0.0019 0.0092 ±0.0017

32 0.0038±0.0019 0.0085 ±0.0015

33 0.0065±0.0014 0.0085 ±0.0015

34 0.0063±0.0015 0.0098 ±0.0021

35 0.0063±0.0012 0.0068 ±0.0016

36 0.0056±0.0012 0.0075 ±0.0016

37 0.0063±0.0015 0.0089 ±0.0019

38 0.0076±0.0023 0.0084 ±0.0018

39 0.0057±0.0013 0.0067 ±0.0014

40 0.0055±0.0034 0.0083 ±0.0021

41 0.0058±0.0012 0.0069 ±0.0018

42 0.0068±0.0012 0.0087 ±0.0021

43 0.0047±0.0012 0.0070 ±0.0018

44 0.0059±0.0016 0.0087 ±0.0021

45 0.0032±0.0012 0.0079 ±0.0011

46 0.0054±0.0012 0.0083 ±0.0011

47 0.0035±0.0013 0.0085 ±0.0011

48 0.0041±0.0011 0.0065 ±0.0012

49 0.0034±0.0007 0.0054 ±0.0009

50 0.0032±0.0007 0.0057 ±0.0009

52 0.0024±0.0011 0.0021±0.0009

53 0.0087±0.0043 0.0041±0.0036

54 0.0087±0.0043 −0.0005±0.0035

55 0.0087±0.0043 0.0028±0.0039

56 −0.0003±0.0014 0.0008±0.0032

57 0.0002±0.0021 0.0018±0.0044

58 0.0316±0.0087 0.0136±0.0046

59 0.0196±0.0045 0.0120±0.0033

60 0.0144±0.0034 0.0093±0.0037

61 0.0050±0.0027 0.0145±0.0028

62 0.0076±0.0028 0.0060±0.0036

63 0.0046±0.0037 0.0050±0.0025

64 0.0045±0.0027 0.0064±0.0016

65 −0.0029±0.0015 0.0073±0.0016

66 0.0029±0.0023 0.0057±0.0020

67 0.0050±0.0019 0.0047±0.0016

68 0.0050±0.0019 0.0036±0.0017

69 0.0049±0.0032 0.0072±0.0036

70 0.0026±0.0015 0.0084±0.0018

71 0.0038±0.0019 0.0099±0.0019

72 0.0026±0.0015 0.0096±0.0016

73 0.0047±0.0016 0.0091±0.0015

74 0.0047±0.0016 0.0076±0.0020

75 0.0038±0.0019 0.0100±0.0023

76 0.0039±0.0012 0.0098±0.0025

77 0.0013±0.0010 0.0112±0.0024

78 0.0026±0.0024 0.0099±0.0027

79 0.0064±0.0016 0.0067±0.0012

80 0.0039±0.0022 0.0063±0.0019

81 0.0049±0.0018 0.0083±0.0012

82 0.0026±0.0015 0.0083±0.0017

83 0.0025±0.0012 0.0089±0.0016

84 0.0002±0.0009 0.0057±0.0012

85 0.0023±0.0018 0.0077±0.0021

86 0.0040±0.0022 0.0070±0.0019

87 0.0049±0.0018 0.0076±0.0018

88 0.0097±0.0020 0.0019±0.0020

89 0.0071±0.0022 0.0005±0.0019

90 0.0090±0.0030 0.0028±0.0023

91 0.0065±0.0023 0.0003±0.0020

92 0.0073±0.0020 0.0037±0.0018

93 0.0048±0.0028 0.0018±0.0024

94 0.0067±0.0015 0.0081±0.0014

95 0.0070±0.0015 0.0079±0.0013

96 0.0063±0.0008 0.0086±0.0012

97 0.0056±0.0006 0.0069±0.0007

98 0.0051±0.0013 0.0031±0.0009

99 0.0053±0.0007 0.0072±0.0007

100 0.0065±0.0009 0.0079±0.0008

[image:19.595.119.527.103.731.2]

(20)

Linear trends in temperature over the period

1871-1895

Table B.8 lists linear trends in temperature of 100 glaciated regions over the period 1871-1895 using T_G and T_OF.

Temperature trends based on theGregory data set:

5 trends are signiﬁcant at a 2σ level 1 trend is signiﬁcant at a 3σ level

Trends in temperature of 59 glaciated regions are negative. Of those: 30 trends are signiﬁcant at a 1σ level

Temperature trends based on theO’Farrell data set:

Trends in temperature of 18 glaciated regions are negative. Of those: 2 trends are signiﬁcant at a 1σ level

(21)

2 −0.0316±0.0447 0.0107±0.0247

3 −0.0250±0.0389 0.0299±0.0310

4 −0.0307±0.0298 0.0276±0.0330

5 −0.0755±0.0382 0.0558±0.0351

6 −0.0307±0.0298 0.1088±0.0345

7 −0.0289±0.0303 0.0166±0.0338

8 −0.0312±0.0213 0.0169±0.0334

9 −0.0312±0.0213 0.0135±0.0295

10 −0.0692±0.0468 −0.0011±0.0274

11 −0.0414±0.0269 0.0046±0.0111

12 −0.0635±0.0294 0.0033±0.0133

13 −0.0592±0.0365 0.0106±0.0259

14 −0.0592±0.0365 0.0086±0.0254

15 −0.0369±0.0205 0.0118±0.0268

16 −0.0567±0.0417 0.0128±0.0268

17 −0.0428±0.0292 0.0084±0.0235

18 −0.0249±0.0211 0.0165±0.0236

19 −0.0210±0.0199 0.0238±0.0194

20 −0.0300±0.0226 0.0084±0.0235

21 −0.0405±0.0208 0.0215±0.0237

22 −0.0257±0.0207 0.0311±0.0236

23 −0.0191±0.0141 0.0137±0.0175

24 −0.0058±0.0166 0.0025±0.0156

25 −0.0138±0.0236 0.0017±0.0176

26 −0.0025±0.0180 0.0035±0.0161

27 −0.0237±0.0157 −0.0002±0.0173

28 −0.0128±0.0138 −0.0004±0.0168

29 −0.0091±0.0243 −0.0013±0.0153

30 −0.0364±0.0302 −0.0168±0.0142

31 −0.0207±0.0206 −0.0178±0.0152

32 −0.0207±0.0206 0.0060±0.0130

33 −0.0157±0.0141 0.0060±0.0130

34 0.0029±0.0164 0.0027±0.0154

35 0.0072±0.0154 0.0042±0.0103

36 0.0061±0.0151 0.0118±0.0108

37 0.0029±0.0164 0.0166±0.0135

38 0.0169±0.0247 −0.0030±0.0099

39 0.0068±0.0161 0.0063±0.0092

40 0.0530±0.0378 0.0121±0.0147

41 0.0057±0.0154 0.0187±0.0134

42 0.0049±0.0168 0.0105±0.0161

43 0.0039±0.0156 −0.0017±0.0156

44 0.0147±0.0172 0.0148±0.0159

45 −0.0031±0.0122 −0.0003±0.0116

46 0.0129±0.0127 −0.0027±0.0113

47 −0.0086±0.0141 −0.0046±0.0104

48 −0.0035±0.0119 −0.0134±0.0140

49 0.0087±0.0067 −0.0032±0.0100

50 0.0102±0.0063 0.0017±0.0096

52 −0.0219 ±0.0115 0.0053 ±0.0084

53 0.0585 ±0.0568 0.1867 ±0.0271

54 0.0585 ±0.0568 0.1747 ±0.0259

55 0.0585 ±0.0568 0.2290 ±0.0322

56 −0.0119 ±0.0153 0.1569 ±0.0235

57 −0.0106 ±0.0251 0.2588 ±0.0365

58 0.1606 ±0.0935 0.0763 ±0.0507

59 0.0704 ±0.0472 0.0825 ±0.0326

60 0.0827 ±0.0394 0.0976 ±0.0341

61 −0.0157 ±0.0277 0.0593 ±0.0294

62 0.1078 ±0.0333 0.0789 ±0.0395

63 0.1166 ±0.0458 0.0551 ±0.0240

64 −0.0113 ±0.0269 0.0380 ±0.0149

65 −0.0097 ±0.0145 0.0343 ±0.0145

66 −0.0325 ±0.0289 −0.0194 ±0.0263

67 −0.0248 ±0.0253 −0.0153 ±0.0200

68 −0.0248 ±0.0253 0.0063 ±0.0191

69 0.0759 ±0.0430 0.0522 ±0.0326

70 −0.0166 ±0.0183 0.0274 ±0.0180

71 −0.0080 ±0.0228 0.0132 ±0.0224

72 −0.0166 ±0.0183 0.0318 ±0.0165

73 0.0100 ±0.0180 0.0172 ±0.0152

74 0.0100 ±0.0180 0.0039 ±0.0214

75 −0.0080 ±0.0228 0.0200 ±0.0373

76 0.0126 ±0.0102 0.0110 ±0.0173

77 0.0079 ±0.0086 0.0137 ±0.0187

78 −0.0449 ±0.0282 0.0150 ±0.0191

79 0.0118 ±0.0171 0.0137 ±0.0129

80 −0.0500 ±0.0258 0.0158 ±0.0245

81 0.0036 ±0.0194 0.0121 ±0.0123

82 −0.0166 ±0.0183 0.0445 ±0.0146

83 −0.0117 ±0.0154 0.0109 ±0.0145

84 0.0000 ±0.0099 0.0054 ±0.0115

85 −0.0104 ±0.0204 0.0017 ±0.0222

86 −0.0224 ±0.0256 0.0132 ±0.0169

87 0.0036 ±0.0194 0.0154 ±0.0180

88 0.0339 ±0.0225 0.0050 ±0.0221

89 0.0346 ±0.0190 0.0025 ±0.0215

90 0.0036 ±0.0290 0.0364 ±0.0256

91 0.0344 ±0.0205 0.0152 ±0.0242

92 0.0412 ±0.0253 0.0300 ±0.0224

93 0.0169 ±0.0260 0.0433 ±0.0210

94 0.0286 ±0.0177 −0.0093 ±0.0116

95 0.0498 ±0.0198 0.0013 ±0.0111

96 0.0029 ±0.0110 0.0057 ±0.0094

97 −0.0001 ±0.0088 0.0043 ±0.0053

98 −0.0386 ±0.0140 −0.0025 ±0.0073

99 −0.0164 ±0.0068 0.0136 ±0.0056

100 −0.0084 ±0.0098 0.0151 ±0.0066

[image:21.595.117.530.104.732.2]

(22)

(23)

Supporting material for Chapter 3

Compiling mass balance observations into primary

systems of Dyurgerov and Meier (2005)

(24)

[image:24.595.69.483.184.655.2]

(25)

[image:25.595.155.498.181.649.2]

(26)

Upscaling

method

from

primary

to

regional

systems of Dyurgerov and Meier (2005)

(27)

[image:27.595.132.520.118.686.2]

(28)

[image:28.595.62.484.129.684.2]

(29)

Table C.1 lists predicted ice-volume changes of 100 glaciated regions over the period 1871-1990, using various combinations of temperature and precipitation data sets, in particular T_GP_Z&O, T_GP_CRUseries, T_OFP_Z&O, and T_OFP_{OF series}. The parameter Θ is set globally to 0.15 K except for one case where regionally variable Θs are used.

(30)

gl TG TOF

P_Z&O P_CRUseries P_Z&O P_{OF series} P_{OF series}Θ_var

1 −1.634 −7.234 −1.536 −2.228 −5.080

2 −0.193 −0.310 −0.379 −0.465 −0.861

3 −0.649 −0.744 −0.387 −0.445 −0.957

4 −0.915 −0.849 −0.896 −1.287 −2.203

5 −0.107 −0.091 −0.884 −1.238 −2.372

6 −0.201 −0.229 −0.079 −0.120 −0.301

7 −0.068 −0.077 −0.014 −0.020 −0.022

8 −2.132 −1.837 0.277 0.317 0.242

9 −0.123 −0.106 0.001 −0.010 −0.015

10 −0.038 −0.029 0.010 0.014 0.014

11 −0.122 −0.101 −0.036 −0.034 −0.039

12 −0.143 −0.089 0.009 0.003 −0.002

13 −0.290 −0.132 −0.005 −0.020 −0.025

14 −0.834 −0.609 0.010 −0.022 −0.046

15 −1.540 −0.680 −0.343 −0.564 −0.612

16 −3.595 −5.277 −1.300 −1.675 −1.810

17 −2.253 −4.336 −0.795 −1.262 −1.344

18 −2.373 −0.771 −1.110 −1.061 −1.134

19 −1.226 −1.263 −0.478 −0.687 −0.724

20 −2.360 −4.341 −0.673 −1.070 −1.139

21 −0.067 −0.044 −0.034 −0.035 −0.037

22 −0.030 −0.024 −0.021 −0.034 −0.035

23 −1.759 −1.144 −4.725 −4.551 −2.613

24 −0.013 −0.009 −0.020 −0.013 −0.008

25 −0.107 −0.060 −0.109 −0.090 −0.059

26 −0.019 −0.013 −0.031 −0.018 −0.011

27 −0.359 −0.240 −0.785 −0.904 −0.627

28 −0.151 −0.101 −0.347 −0.251 −0.180

29 −0.001 −0.001 −0.013 −0.018 −0.012

30 −0.003 −0.001 −0.010 −0.006 −0.003

31 −0.001 −0.001 −0.002 −0.001 −0.001

32 −0.000 −0.001 −0.001 −0.001 −0.001

33 −0.001 −0.000 −0.001 −0.001 −0.001

34 −0.001 −0.001 −0.001 −0.001 −0.001

35 −0.005 −0.006 −0.004 −0.010 −0.010

36 −0.008 −0.004 −0.009 −0.011 −0.011

37 −0.008 −0.010 −0.008 −0.011 −0.011

38 −0.012 −0.006 −0.009 −0.001 0.000

39 −0.042 −0.023 −0.042 −0.067 −0.067

(31)

gl TG TOF

P_Z&O P_CRUseries P_Z&O P_{OF series} P_{OF series} Θ_var

41 −0.052 −0.048 −0.038 −0.056 −0.056

42 −0.083 −0.036 −0.109 −0.037 −0.026

43 −0.051 −0.111 −0.090 −0.152 −0.152

44 −0.174 −0.225 −0.287 −0.202 −0.164

45 −0.538 −0.502 −0.219 −0.090 −0.059

46 −0.839 −0.569 −0.360 −0.118 −0.077

47 −0.137 −0.104 −0.088 −0.024 −0.017

48 −1.954 −1.239 −1.976 −1.113 −0.815

49 −1.945 −0.996 −1.674 −1.337 −0.789

50 −4.939 −2.038 −4.889 −3.462 −2.017

51 −0.764 −0.473 −0.665 −0.582 −0.302

52 −1.392 −1.129 −0.530 −0.589 −0.589

53 −4.251 −0.929 −5.594 −2.120 −4.290

54 −0.488 −0.107 −0.376 −0.141 −0.382

55 −0.329 −0.104 −0.404 −0.186 −0.419

56 −0.044 −0.022 −0.267 −0.103 −0.256

57 −0.015 −0.007 −0.063 −0.032 −0.078

58 −2.758 −3.449 −2.839 −4.148 −9.972

59 −0.636 −0.542 −0.631 −0.782 −2.489

60 −1.887 −1.012 −0.780 −0.845 −4.111

61 −0.359 −0.399 −0.713 −0.932 −3.084

62 −0.109 −0.017 −0.163 −0.062 −0.230

63 −0.191 −0.059 −0.593 −0.199 −0.500

64 −0.291 −0.211 −0.520 −0.438 −1.210

65 0.001 0.001 −0.004 −0.002 −0.003

66 −0.234 −0.186 −0.541 −0.419 −0.692

67 −0.006 −0.004 −0.006 −0.003 −0.006

68 −0.004 −0.003 −0.003 −0.002 −0.004

69 −0.099 −0.067 −0.052 −0.051 −0.183

70 −0.267 −0.141 −0.365 −0.262 −0.599

71 −0.748 −0.181 −2.801 −2.229 −2.858

72 −0.302 −0.203 −0.726 −0.731 −0.932

73 −8.563 −5.103 −11.529 −6.731 −9.307

74 −0.051 −0.038 −0.057 −0.034 −0.052

75 −0.196 −0.023 −0.606 −0.349 −0.444

76 −1.348 −4.143 −2.809 −4.819 −6.142

77 −0.123 −0.360 −0.263 −0.394 −0.507

78 −1.113 −0.646 −1.628 −1.073 −1.429

79 −0.320 −0.149 −0.351 −0.345 −0.478

(32)

gl TG TOF

P_Z&O P_CRUseries P_Z&O P_{OF series} P_{OF series} Θ_var

81 −0.362 −0.405 −0.778 −2.485 −3.379

82 −1.110 −0.585 −2.235 −1.252 −1.706

83 −0.175 −0.137 −0.421 −0.188 −0.162

84 −0.167 −0.147 −0.223 −0.354 −0.520

85 −0.151 −0.397 −0.271 −0.499 −0.691

86 −0.155 −0.075 −0.083 −0.023 −0.054

87 −0.100 −0.111 −0.300 −0.299 −0.385

88 −0.002 −0.001 −0.001 −0.001 −0.001

89 −0.047 −0.026 −0.028 −0.022 −0.043

90 −0.047 −0.024 0.003 0.001 −0.016

91 −0.014 −0.004 −0.025 −0.021 −0.033

92 −0.000 0.000 −0.001 −0.001 −0.003

93 −0.026 −0.040 −0.055 −0.070 −0.120

94 −0.000 −0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

95 −0.002 −0.001 −0.002 −0.001 −0.001

96 −0.001 −0.001 −0.001 −0.001 −0.001

97 −0.003 −0.002 −0.003 −0.003 −0.003

98 −0.510 −0.395 −0.203 −0.156 −0.156

99 −0.134 −0.130 −0.072 −0.095 −0.095

100 −0.190 −0.144 −0.093 −0.082 −0.082

total −64.45 −59.36 −65.38 −58.91 −85.57

[image:32.595.69.471.226.576.2]

(0.178) (0.164) (0.181) (0.163) (0.236)

(33)

gl reg area dV

1 3 80,000 −7.747

2 3 11,700 −1.133

3 3 16,200 −1.569

4 3 18,500 −1.792

5 3 18,500 −1.792

6 3 5,000 −0.484

7 7 722 −0.431

8 7 13,900 −8.306

9 7 800 −0.478

10 7 230 −0.137

11 7 960 −0.574

12 7 1,250 −0.747

13 7 1,000 −0.598

14 7 4,600 −2.749

15 7 8,300 −4.960

16 7 21,600 −12.907

17 7 11,800 −7.051

18 7 10,500 −6.274

19 7 5,070 −3.030

20 7 10,000 −5.976

21 2 600 −0.302

22 2 300 −0.151

23 2 13,500 −6.792

24 2 46 −0.023

25 2 266 −0.134

26 2 63 −0.032

27 2 3,000 −1.509

28 2 1,000 −0.503

29 2 74 −0.037

30 2 51 −0.026

31 n/a 4 −0.011

32 n/a 4 −0.011

33 n/a 3 −0.008

34 2 3 −0.002

35 2 19 −0.010

36 2 24 −0.012

37 2 39 −0.020

38 2 19 −0.010

39 2 111 −0.056

40 11 873 −0.091

41 11 258 −0.027

42 11 649 −0.068

43 11 510 −0.053

44 11 2,800 −0.293

45 11 743 −0.078

46 11 1,170 −0.122

47 11 156 −0.016

48 10 3,570 −3.032

49 10 5,720 −4.858

50 10 16,900 −14.352

51 10 2,700 −2.293

52 n/a 4,100 −0.802

53 1 8,300 −0.360

54 1 953 −0.041

55 1 925 −0.040

56 1 600 −0.026

57 1 160 −0.007

58 5 36,600 −6.050

59 4 13,700 −0.608

60 4 23,600 −1.047

61 4 18,300 −0.812

62 1 1,080 −0.047

63 1 1,630 −0.071

64 1 2,910 −0.126

65 1 12 −0.001

66 1 1,340 −0.058

67 1 24 −0.001

68 1 20 −0.001

69 4 800 −0.036

70 8 2,300 −0.609

71 8 10,700 −2.831

72 8 3,320 −0.878

73 8 40,000 −10.584

74 8 301 −0.080

75 8 1,350 −0.357

76 8 12,700 −3.360

77 8 1,340 −0.355

78 8 7,540 −1.995

79 8 2,380 −0.630

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81 8 11,600 −3.069

82 8 9,550 −2.527

83 8 2,080 −0.550

84 8 1,460 −0.386

85 8 2,190 −0.579

86 8 910 −0.241

87 8 3,190 −0.844

88 9 18 −0.002

89 9 372 −0.046

90 9 260 −0.032

91 9 202 −0.025

92 9 19 −0.002

93 9 874 −0.108

94 n/a 1 −0.001

95 n/a 5 −0.003

96 n/a 5 −0.003

97 n/a 7 −0.003

98 n/a 1,000 −2.379

99 n/a 450 −0.088

100 n/a 450 −0.088

[image:34.595.165.374.230.562.2]

total 527674 −146.5 (0.405)

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Supporting material for Chapter 5

Tables D.1 and D.2 list locations of existing GPS and tide gauge stations which are referenced in Chapter 5.

site name short Latitude Longitude Fairbanks fair 64.98 −147.50 Dunedin ous2 −45.87 170.51 Ny ˚Alesund nyal 78.93 11.87

Palmer atw2 61.60 −149.13

Punta Arenas parc −53.13 −70.88 Resolute reso 74.70 −94.89

Sheshan shao 31.10 121.20

Sydney sydn −33.78 151.15

Tromsoe tro1 69.66 18.94

[image:35.595.182.475.393.586.2]

Refrigerator Rock frig 62.41 −143.01 Reykjavik reyk 64.14 −21.96 Whitehorse whit 60.75 −135.22

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site name Latitude Longitude

Anchorage 61.23 −149.90

Barentsburg 78.07 14.25

Bartlett Cove 58.46 −135.88

Cordova 60.55 −145.77

Dunedin −45.88 170.52

Juneau 58.30 −134.42

Kanmen 28.08 121.28

Ketchikan 55.33 −131.63

Langara Point 54.25 −133.03

Nikiski 60.68 −151.40

Ny ˚Alesund 78.93 11.93

Punta Arenas −53.17 −70.90 Prince Rupert 54.32 −130.33 Queen Charlotte City 53.25 −132.07

Resolute 74.68 −94.88

Reykjavik 64.15 −21.93

Sand Point 55.33 −160.50

Seldovia 59.43 −151.72

Seward 60.12 −149.43

Sitka 57.05 −135.33

Skagway 59.45 −135.32

St. Pauls habor 57.75 −152.48

Sydney −33.85 151.23

Tromso 69.65 18.97

Yakutat 59.55 −139.73

Valdez 61.13 −146.37

[image:36.595.137.407.238.633.2]

Womens Bay 57.72 −152.52

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Supporting material for Chapter 6

Ocean bottom pressure changes and

correspond-ing second order relative sea-level changes

Plots in Figure E.1 show the ocean bottom pressure changes over selected 10-year periods (data provided by Felix Landerer). Note the changes in scale in 2000, 2050, and 2100.

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[image:38.595.60.478.152.692.2]

1860-1869 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 m 1900-1909 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 m 1950-1959 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 m 2000-2009 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 m 2050-2059 0.599 0.500 0.400 0.299 0.200 0.100 0.000 0.100 0.200 0.299 0.400 0.500 0.599 m 2100-2109 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 m 2150-2159 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 m 2190-2199 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 m

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[image:40.595.61.480.206.618.2]

2100-2109 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 m 2120-2129 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 m 2140-2149 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 m 2160-2169 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 m 2180-2189 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 m