Highland New Guinea hunter gatherers : the evidence of Nombe Rockshelter, Simbu, with emphasis on the Pleistocene

Readers are advised to print these profiles:

they are intended to be available side-by-side

while reading the text.

Contents Volume Two

ANU Library-Notice: Use of theses

Title page

Author’s declaration page

Key to Site Profiles

Site Profiles 1 - 11

NOTES TO ELECTRONIC VERSION



Pages are

A3 size - landscape format.



Profiles are readable when reduced to A4. Most A4 printers will do this reduction.



References to profiles in the text are in the form:

. . the A1/A2 Trench

P4

[S

ITE

P

ROFILE

4]

. . western parts of the site

P4,5,6,7,8

[S

ITE

P

ROFILES

5, 6, 7 & 8]

KEY TO SITE PROFILES

Site profile

1

Site profile

2

Site profile

3

Site profile

4

Site profile

5

Site profile

6

Site profile

7

Site profile

8

Site profile

9

Site profile

10

Site profile

THESES

SIS/LIBRARY

TELEPHONE:

+61

2

6125

4631

R.G. MENZIES LIBRARY BUILDING NO:2

FACSIMILE: +61 2 6125 4063

THE

AUSTRALIAN

NATIONAL

UNIVERSITY

EMAIL:

library.theses@anu.edu.au

CANBERRA ACT 0200 AUSTRALIA

USE OF THESES

This copy is supplied for purposes

of private study and research only.

Passages from the thesis may not be

copied or closely paraphrased without the

HIGHLAND NEW GUINEA

HUNTER-GATHERERS: __

THE EVIDENCE OF

NOMBE ROCKSHELTER, SIMBU

WITH EMPHASIS ON THE

PLEISTOCENE

by

Mary-Jane Mountain

VOLUME TWO: SITE PROFILES

A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy

of the

Australian National University

Declaration

Unless otherwise indicated, this

thesis represents the original work of the author.

/

- jc...

0

200

150

200

Consolidated blocks

oO

Limestone blocks

~ Tephra-like blocks

_j_

/"''---, \ Cemented clay blocks with calcite capping

~~Y~'-...,.,.., F lowstone

~6fl Snails

OD

Dark brown sediment with bones, gritty under bone stratum

• Sediment sample

0 c14 Flowstone sample

0

_j_

D1

D4

---/)--r---

---r---

---r-- ---___

I _________

---Ginger dry redbrown clay

Brown heavy plastic clay

_j_

03 _{0 ern}

50

100

150

200

150

200

Nombe Site Profile

Drawn

by

W Mumford from

original site data recorded

by

M~J

Mountain.

em 0

Grey brown dusty soil

Yellow grey ashy soil

Yellow grey 50 ashy soil with bones

Brown loam with many bones

Redbrown sediment 100 Redbrown clay Ginger dry redbrown clay Redbrown clay

Brown heavy plastic clay

83

... -:;:;r.:: ...

. . ~-.. ·: .... · .

!J'f;;:J

Limestone blocks

~ Tephra-like blocks

~~

Snails

• Sediment sample

· () c14 Bone sample

Ei) c 14 Snail shell sample

..

· .. ·.. .

•• •,.. •. ..,. _4_,..· _'. ~: :0

0

Possible dump of redbrown clays mixed with redbrown sediments

B3 C3

em 0 C~---=r~---~

_T

_Al

A1 A

5 0 1

-82 100 150 03 Ocm

89

50 100 -150

Brown loam with red flecks

Limestone block with areas of alteration and a calcite capping

150

Nombe Site Profile

Drawn

by

W Mumford from

original site data recorded

by

M-J Mountain.

Limestone block

() c14 Bone sample

em 0 R71 71

A1

A1

50

B6 I

./

D

B6

J..

_~

em

Grey brown dusty soil

Consolidated block

50

Nombe Site Profile

Drawn

by

W Mumford from

original site data recorded

by

M-J Mountain.

Brown gritty

-Al

~

limestone blocks

.. i;;/i'fl" •....

Ffowstone

.;Qn

T~phra-~ke

blocks

·~·Snails

.. _.,._., ..

_.L

A2

Al

Yellow ey ashy soil Thin hearth

A2

_.L

0 100cm

4 of 5 pieces of a polished axe found by J.P.White in 1964. (last piece is in B6)

A3

_.L

Redbrown sediment

A4

() C 14 Bone sample

~ c14 Snail shell sample

o C 14 Flowstone sample • Sediment sample

A5

Brown loam with bones

A5

...L

Redbrown sediment

..L

A6 A7

Al

INFORMATION FROM J.P.WHITE (1964) Includes drip hole, all A6 over the red brown clay and all A7

0 CPl

50

100

A7

-· .. --.-.-...

--

----.

---

..

-

...

-·--

... ···-Brown orange clay (very stiff)

Brown clayey soil

Redbrown clay

Nombe Site Profile

150

_Drawn

_by

_{W Mumford from}

original site data recorded

by

M-J Mountain.

E

Ocm

100

150

Redbrown sediment and tephra-like pieces

Redbrown sediment

Brown heavy plastic clay

50

100

Blackening

Green algae

A2

Redbrown clay in A 1/2 trench filling

1::f:j

Limestone blocks

~ Tephra-like blocks

~~

Snails

A2

_]_

0

• Sediment sample

A1 Ocm

50

D1

~0~

r->----=-=--=-==-=r=--~D~4-=--=-=-=--=-=--=-=-j

100

l

Dark brown dusty soil

Redbrown clay

Nombe Site Profile

Drawn

by

W

Mumfard from

original site data recorded

by

M-J Mountain.

OOD

Limestone blocks

g

Consolidated blocks , - - - F lowstone

t,;'JE~'1J

Snails

Gill

,Cemented clay blocks • Sediment sample

e

C 14 Charcoal sample () C 14 Bone sample

__L

~ c14 Snail shell sample 0 C 14 Flowstone sample

® U/TH Sample McMaster 80055-1

X3

150

Brown grey dusty soil

Ginger dry red brown clay with many snails

Nombe Site Profile

Drawn

by

W Mumford from

original site data recorded

by

M-J Mountain.

Brown loam with many bones

0

CX:J

Limestone blocks

~

Consolidated blocks

f1lll!!fJJJ

Tephra-like blocks

~

Flowstone

..

~~,.,Snails

~~~

...

··-• Sediment sample

e

c

I 4 Charcoal sample

~ c14 Snail shell sample

<»

C 14 Bone sample

C8

~ ~

A2

A1

~5

D1

?

----~--- ~

Ocm

50

100

Creamy ashy soil

Brown loam with many bones Redbrown sediment Grey ashy sediment

Redbrown sediment

00

Redbrown clay with limestone flecks

Ginger dry redbrown clay

Brown heavy plastic clay

Nombe Site Profile

Drawn

by

W Ml1tnford from

original site data recorded

by

M-J Mountain.

150

0

CX:J

Limestone blocks

c(;..:!}

Consolidated blocks

~

Tephra-like blocks

.i).'h_.;?,..,O

-.• \';;».'5"t~ Snails

• Sediment sample

e

C 14 Charcoal sample

-"----

~--==--

-=---01

----_L---r

_L

Q C14 Snail shell sample

() c

14 Bone sample

X2

Ocm

Creamy ashy soil

Brown grey dusty soil

Redbrown sediment

00

Line of blue/grey?tephra pellets

Ginger dry redbrown clay

Brown heavy plastic clay

Ocm

100

150

Nombe Site Profile

Drawn

by

W Mumford from

original site data recorded

by

M-J Mountain.

50

Grey brown dusty soil

Brown loam with many bones and tephra-like pieces

Red brown

em 0

50 150 200

M71

.. • ..

··

.. :-:'-.:·_ . · ... . :_: ... ' • · :.: -~ . .

Cl:J(j

Limestone blocks

~

Consolidated blocks

~Tephra-like blocks

Cemented clay blocks with calcite cappings

M71

B4

---!AE~--waisted Blade

Crack H71

A1

H71

, .. ·. ·. ::. · ... ·.·

...

·:.· ··.::. .:.•.,•.·.· . ... ~ .

~ :. .. ,-~.:.•''' ~ c"

0

• Sediment sample

e

C 14 Charcoal sample 0 C 14 Flowstone sample

D71

100cm

0 C 14 Snail shell sample 0 c14 Bone sample

_L

® U/TH Sample (McMaster 80054-1)

D79

Brown sediment with many bones

_L

Nombe Site Profile

Drawn

by

W Mumford from

original site data recorded

by

M-J Mountain.

INFORMATION FROM J.P. WHITE, 1964

em N

A6

Z6

R79

M71

L71

K71

J71

Oc~

~-~-~~-~L~----~~~~~~~---~--.~_r;~_-

__

;_:_:,·_·_I_ ..

:_._;_:_~-~-·--.:_;_~-~-~---:"~-~-~---~._--~-~.~---~J-.~---~_·_r_[

___

·-~.:-~_~_j_~:--.·-~-·-~:_s~J?~~0~

3

50 . Grey brown dusty soil -.:-:. ·•·· ., -:·. , . ... • : --~ ,_ :_ _ "- - ·. ... .·._;. :~:.; ;.::.- ._. 50

100 150 em 0 50 100 150 200

Blackish clay soil

Fine grey soil

UN EXCAVATED

Qo<J

Limestone blocks

~

Cemented clay blocks

... \ .... ""\ 1 - \

() c14 Bone sample

e

C 14 Charcoal sample

A6

---Z6

,

·:~:-::._·-~;~~~-;:

.

.

~~--·-~-:~

1• -.·:_,-:~;-:;':~~-- ~~ •. :s: ·-: "·'

~-~.::::~;::

:::::

~/~{·;-:-~~~~

:

..

~~~~>:

.. -:

~:

R79 M71

B4 B3

---87~, ==========::::::::::=::;::;;=~~---===~

',_

_-,

I I I I I I

\ Dl

li_

---'C:::;;---

_{_l}

_{j_}

L71

Brown loam with bones and some tephra-like pieces

Yellowish brown clay

Heavier redbrown clay

K71

A1

_L

J71

B4

0 em

50

100

150

200

Nombe Site Profile

Drawn

by

W Mumford from

original site data recorded

by

M-J Mountain.

Grey brown dusty soil

Brown loam and bones

100

150

200

Brown loam with many bones

Redbrown sediment

INFORMATION FROM J.P.WHITE, 1964 1. 4 Dry grey brown stony soil

...l

o~o

Limestone blocks

~ Consolidated blocks

~

Tephra-like blocks Cemented clay blocks +

calcite cappings

~~'$.).~

Snails

5 Brown soil with higher clay content with some calcification 6 Mixed soil and clay with snails

7 Mixed soil and clay

8 Patches of touqh vellow brown clay with stalagmite layer mixed with brown soil 9 Redbrown clay with snails

Trial Trench

Z6

Z7

1971 ground level

'-:_

==::::..----+---~=-+ lev;---..._-2._964 ground level

Ginger dry redbrown clay

..L

0

• Sediment sample

~ Accelerator C 14 charcoal sample • C 14 Charcoal sample

----Lightish grey undifferentiated soil

Redbrown clay

Heavier redbrown clay

100cm

() c14 Bone sample

0 C 14 Flowstone sample

® U/TH sample (McMaster 80055-1)

Z6 Z7

E 0 em

1

---

Nombe Site Profile

--

_----

₀₃

1 ---- ,_[_

Waisted Blade Crack

Drawn

by

W Mumford from

original site data recorded

by

M-J Mountain.