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Spontaneous formation of vector vortex beams in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with feedback

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Figure

FIG. 1. (Color online) Experimental setup: A volume Bragggrating (VBG) provides frequency-selective feedback to a VC-SEL
FIG. 3. (Color online) Total intensity S0 (in pseudo-colorsranging from black for background via blue and red to yellowfor maximum intensity) and polarization streamline diagram(white lines) calculated from the Stokes parameters for theinhomogeneously polarized vortex structure at 622 mA (a)and the homogeneously polarized vortex at 624 mA (b).
FIG. 5. (Color online) Polarization configuration for (a) theradially-polarized vector vortex case in a feedback schemewithout the BS in the external cavity (625.0 mA) and (b)the spiral vector vortex in a feedback scheme with the BS(626.8 mA): Total intensity S0 (pseudo colors) and polariza-tion streamline diagram (white lines).

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