On-screen electronic forms design: Graphical elements vs. straight data entry formats

Rochester Institute of Technology

RIT Scholar Works

Theses

Thesis/Dissertation Collections

11-1-1996

On-screen electronic forms design: Graphical

elements vs. straight data entry formats

Karen Preston

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Recommended Citation

On-screen

Electronic

Forms Design:

Graphical Elements

vs.

Straight Data

Entry

Formats

by

Karen L. Preston

A

thesis

project submitted

in

partial

fulfillment

of

the

requirements

for

the

degree

of

Master

of

Science in

the

School

of

Printing

Management

and

Sciences

in

the

College

of

Imaging

Arts

and

Sciences

of

the

Rochester Institute

of

Technology

November,

1996

School of Printing Management and Sciences

Rochester Institute of Technology

Rochester, New York

Certificate of Approval

Master's Thesis

This is to certify that the Master's Thesis of

Karen Leigh Preston

With a major in

Graphic Arts Publishing

has been approved by the Thesis Committee as satisfactory

for the thesis requirement for the Master of Science degree

at the convocation of

November,

1996

Thesis committee:

John Parada

Thesis Advisor

Marie Freckleton

Graduate Program Coordinator

On-screen

Electronic Forms Design:

Graphical Elements

vs.

Straight Data

Entry

Formats

I,

Karen Leigh

Preston,

hereby

grant permission

to the

Wallace Memorial

Library

of

R.I.T.

to

reproduce

my

thesis

in

whole or

in

part.

Any

reproduction will not

be for

commercial

Acknowledgements

Upon

the

completion of

this research,

I

would

like

to

express

my

appreciation

to

the

peo

ple who

have

been

a greatsupport

to

this

project.

I

would

like

to

extend

my

sincerest grat

itude

to

John

C.

Paroda,

Executive Vice President

of

Intercon

Associates,

Inc.

for

the

assis

tance

and guidance

that

he has

given me.

I

would also

like

to thank

Connie Rodriguez

of

the

Xerox Corporation

for her

support and

for

providing

me with

the

necessary

materials

and equipment.

Table

of

Contents

Acknowledgements

iii

Table

of

Contents

iv

List

of

Tables

v

List

of

Figures

vi

Abstract

vii

Chapter

1

Introduction

1

Endnotes

for

Chapter

1

5

Chapter

2

Review

of

Literature

6

Endnotes

for

Chapter

3

13

Chapter

3

Hypothesis

15

Chapter

4

Methodology

16

Chapter 5

The Results

35

Chapter

6

Summary

and

Conclusions

62

Bibliography

69

List

of

Tables

Table

1.

Timeliness

table

35

List

of

Figures

Figure

1.

Survey

18

Figure

2.

Data

for JetForm

20

Figure

3.

Expense

report

in JetForm

21

Figure

4.

Data

for

PowerForm

22

Figure

5.

Expense

report

in PowerForm

23

Figure

6.

Timeliness

graph

37

Figure

7.

Accuracy

graph

40

Figure

8.

User Preference

graph

43

Figure

9.

Why

Users Preferred JetForm

graph

45

Figure

10.

Why

Users Preferred PowerForm

graph

45

Figure

11.

Why

Users Had No Preference

graph :

46

Figure

12.

What Ease

of

Use Was Due To In JetForm

graph

48

Figure

13.

What

Ease

of

Use Was Due To In PowerForm

graph

49

Figure

14.

What

Accuracy

Was Due To In JetForm

graph

51

Figure

15.

What

Accuracy

Was Due To In PowerForm

graph

52

Figure

16.

What Timeliness Was Due To In JetForm

graph

54

Figure

17.

What

Timeliness Was Due To In PowerForm

graph

55

Figure

18.

Most Important

to the

User

graph

57

Figure

19.

Least Important

to

the

User

graph

58

[image:8.569.83.501.164.611.2]

Abstract

Electronic

forms

is

an

emerging

market

that

is

being

incorporated into

daily

use

in many

corporations and small

businesses.

In

the transition

from

paper

forms

to

electronic

forms

many

users are

merely

recreating

the

paper

forms

digitally

to

create an exact replica on

screen.

This is

being

done

through the

utilization of page

layout

programs such as

QuarkXpress

and

PageMaker

as well as

through

the

aid of electronic

forms

softwarepro

grams available

today.

These

software programs aid

the

user with

forms

design,

often pro

viding

templates

of

forms

that

are

in

a graphical

format

containing

rules,

logos,

andother

graphically embellishing

elements.

The

electronic

forms

industry

is

also

moving

towards

a

workgroup computing

environ

ment where

intelligent

forms

can

automatically

be

sent

electronically

to

other users

in

the

workplace without ever

printing

onto paper.

However,

the

graphic elements

involved in

the

electronic

forms

of

today

can slow

down

networks and require

many

bytes

of memo

ry

for

storage

especially in

major corporations who

may have

thousands

of

forms

on

file.

A

comparison of

the

graphically

embellished

form

versusa straight

data-entry

questions

only

form format

needs

to

be

researched.

The

purpose of

this thesis

project

is

to

provide

the

electronic

forms

industry

with

knowledge

as

to the

advantages and

disadvantages

of

both

a graphical

form

and a straight

data-entry

form.

This

research alsoperformeda series

of

tests

as

to the

timeliness, accuracy

of

data

entered,

and user'spreference

for both

graph

ically

embellished

forms

and straight

questions-only

forms.

Chapter

1

Introduction

Enterprise

on-demand

publishing

of electronic

forms

is

an

emerging

market.

Electronic

forms

are

being

implemented for

in-house

personal computer use

in many

corporations.

With

several software suppliers

for

electronic

forms

and

the

utilization ofpage

layout

pro

grams such as

QuarkXpress

and

PageMaker

to

create

forms,

corporations are

investing

their

time, money

and efforts on

the

look

of

the

on-screen

form.

These

forms

are also

starting

to

be

created as

intelligent forms

forms

that

are routed

electronically

to

variouspeople

in

the

workgroup

and

linked

to

corporate

databases. The

question of

the

efficiency

of

incorporating

graphical

design

elements

into

on-screen electronic

forms

as opposed

to

utilizing

a straight

data

entry

format

remains unanswered.

The

trend

in

corporate

America

and around

the

world

is

a shift

towards the

paperless

office,

and one area where

this

is

being

implemented is in

the

change

from

printed

forms

to

electronic

forms.

Forms

are

being

filled

out and

transferred

from

one

party

to

another

electronically,

without

hard

copy.

This is occurring in

corporations as well as small

busi

nesses and

particularly in

the medical,

financial

and

insurance industries. These

business

es who

in

the

past relied on commercial printers

to

create and warehouse paper

forms

are now

switching

to

digital

on-screen

formats.

In

fact,

the

electronic

forms

market

is

esti mated

to

be

close

to

$100

million and

is

forecasted

to

grow

in

the

upcoming

years.1

This is

causing

problems

for forms distributors

and commercial printerswho are

being

forced

to

re-think

their

definition

of services.

Until

recently,

companies

have

relied on

forms distributors

and

manufacturers

to

design,

print and sometimes warehouse

their

forms.

Although

still

true

in many

cases

still,

the trend

is

moving

towards

doing

away

with paper

forms

altogether and

implementing

electronic

forms.

Desktop

computersandelectronic

forms

software

have

made

it

feasible

for businesses

to

create

forms

in-house

andprint

directly

to

a

laser

printer, thus

eliminat

ing

costs associated with

warehousing,

typesetting,

and

printing

of

the

form.

This

leads

to

a

trend

in

the

printing

industry

as well.

With

allof

the

new electronic

forms

being

created,

forms

distributors

are

losing

sales.

As

a

result,

distributors

are

changing

the

services

that

they

offer.

According

to

a

1995

survey

by

Business

Forms,

Labels

and

Systems

magazine,

distributors

with

printing

expertise

have

expanded

their

services. 90 percent

have

moved

towards

commercial

printing,

74

percent promotional

products,

55

percent

computer

supplies,

48 percent

direct

mail

services,

32 percent office supplies and

6

percent

bar-coded

products.2

Also,

on-demand

printing is

being

implemented into

plants so

that

customers can provide

digital files

for

the

forms

they

create and receive short-run output

of

forms.

Printing

services are not

the

only

services

being

offered now.

Distributors

are now offer

ing

assistance

to

customers

in

developing

and

maintaining

electronic

libraries.

In satisfy

ing

these

customers'

needs,

some

distributors

are also

establishing

new alliances with

experts

in

graphic

design

and

information

systems as well as manufacturers.

Vendors

are

also

supplying

electronic

forms

users with

blank forms

to

be loaded into

the

printers of

the

desktop

users.

This

way, the

suppliers are

aiding

the

forms

users and still

managing

to

stay

within

the

market.

As John

Rosenberg

of

the

International Business Forms Industries

explains,

"Companies

are

automating commonly

used

forms

and

looking

for firms

to

sup

ply

electronic and paperneeds."3

Electronic

forms have

many

advantages over paper

forms.

First,

electronic

forms

elimi

nate paper

documents

and

the

need

to

store

them.

Some warehousing

and commercial

printing

costsare eliminated as well as environmental costs of

saving

paper.

According

to

Business

Forms, Labels,

& Systems

magazine,

"Filing

and retrieval of paper

documents

is

a

Another

majoradvantageofelectronicoverpaper

forms is

the

availability,

transferabil

ity,

and

storing ability

of

information.

At

the

mere click of a

button,

information

can more

rapidly

be

processed and

transferred

from

one

location

to

another.

With

the

networking

ability

of

linking

to

databases,

forms

can

easily

be

transferred

from

one

party

to

another

in

a matter of seconds without

the

need

to

step

foot

away

from

the

desk.

The

forms

can

be

routed

from

one person

to

the

next

for

immediate

approval without

the

delay

of

walking

around

the

office,

sending

through

interoffice

mail

systems,

or

the

chance of

losing

the

document

in

an over-stuffed

"in

box."

With

this

faster

information

flow,

problems can

be

discovered

sooner,

customer complaints can

be handled

faster,

resulting in

a more efficient

and competitive company.

Electronic

forms

can

be

easier

to

file

aswell.

With

information

being

processed

directly

into

the computer, there

is

no need

to

wait

for

piles of

information

to

be

data

entered and

less

chance of

losing

a

file folder.

The

information

can

disseminate

directly

into

a

database

where

it

can

easily

be

retrieved

by

calling up any

number of variables.

There

is

less

of a need

to

know

the

filing

system of whoever

files

the

form because

the

information

can

be

retrieved with

any

number of commands

be it last

name,

social

security

number or even

city.

The

transition

towards the

paperless office

has

been

aided

by

electronic

forms

software

packagesavailable

today.

Many

of

these

packages allow

the

user

to

design forms

on-screen,

store

them

in

a

database,

and

transfer the

form

enterprise-wide

through

workgroup

com

puting.

The majority

of

businesses

are

utilizing

the

forms

software

to

create

forms

that

look

identical

to the

paper

forms

they

are used

to.

One

problem

that

exists

is

a result of

the

form

as a graphic.

These

graphics require numerous

bytes

of

memory

for

storage and

transferring

over

the network,

and

the

graphics slow

down

the

system as a result.

Another

type

of

form has

emerged

in

light

of

this

problem.

This

form

is

a strict

data-entry

format

and requires no graphics.

Theoretically

the

data-entry

form

should speed

up

memory

as well.

However,

the

electronic

forms

industry

seems

to

be

currently

under

the

notion

that

usersprefer

forms

that

are embellished with graphics.

Very

little

research

has

been done

up

to

this

point

in comparing

the

graphical

form

to the

data

entry

form because

this

data

entry

form

format

is

a new

technology

that

is

just coming

forth

within

the

very

new

technology

ofelectronic

forms.

A

comparison

between

the

graphically

embellished

form

and

the

data-entry

form

would

provide companies with

knowledge

that

will

be

useful when

selecting

an electronic

forms

system.

Perhaps

more

importantly,

measuring

the

user's

accuracy,

timeliness,

and prefer

ence when

filling

in

each

form

one

graphically

embellished and one

questions-only

will establish a

basis for

the

electronic

forms

industry

to

develop

new

technology

that

is

more efficient.

Electronic

forms

technology

is

an

emerging

market which

has been

advancing rapidly

and will

eventually

change

the

scope of all

offices,

from large

corporations

to

small

busi

nesses,

as we

know

them today.

For

years

the

paperless office

has been

a concept

that the

corporate world

is striving

for,

and electronic

forms

technology

is

a

key

to

obtaining

this

goal.

Not only

areusers

feeling

the

impact,

but

the

printing

industry

as well with

losses

in

printing

sales

forcing

printers

to

rethink

their

services.

Electronic

forms

technology

is

one of

the

many

facets

which encompasses and

is chang

ing

the

scope ofelectronic publishing.

Just

as mostcompanies will expect a

home

page on

the

Internet,

so most companies will expect

their

business forms

on-screen.

As

such,

graphic

designers

are

finding

themselves

faced

with

the task

of

designing

forms

on-screen,

regardless of whether

they

are

forms designers

or art

directors.

Still

in

the

growing

stages,

electronic

forms

require

further

research and

development.

The

potential

to

mold

the

future

of electronic

forms

is

an

exciting

notion.

When

complete,

the

results of

this thesis

can

have

an

impact

on

the

electronic

forms

market.

Whatever

the

Endnotes

for

Chapter

1

1

Noel

Jeffrey,

"Forms

Ingenuity,"Amm'can

Printer,

(August

1993),

pp.

56-58.

2

Camillus J.

Cullen,

Arnetta

Queen,

and

Mary

McKenzie

Dixon,

"Change

Creates

Choice,"

Business

Forms,

Labels &

Systems,

(March

1995),

pp.

16-23.

3

Noel

Jeffrey,

"Forms

Ingenuity,"

American

Printer,

(August

1993),

pp.

56-58.

4

Ivars

Chapter

2

Review

of

Literature

As

electronic

forms

have

emerged as a new

trend

and

step

towards

the

paperless

office,

numerous software companies are

offering

packages

that

allow

the

form

on-screen

to

look

similar

to the

paper

forms

that

people

have been

used

to.

Now

more

than

just

forms

are

being

implemented

on-screen.

Companies

are

developing

what are

known

as

intelligent

forms

forms

that

can

be

routed

electronically using

software and networks.

These

forms

can

be filled

in

on-screen and

then

automatically

e-mailed or

directed

through

cyberspace

to the

proper workstations

for

authorization.

Currently,

the

forms

industry

standard

is

to

utilize

forms

programs

that

embellish

the

forms

with graphics

to

make

the

form

"pretty,"

enticing

the

user

to

utilize

the

form.

However,

a straight

data-entry

form format

is

anoth er alternative.

In comparing

the two types

of

forms,

both have

their

advantages and

disadvantages.

Most

companies

have begun

their transition

into

electronic

forms

by

recreating

almost exact replicas of

the

pre-existing

paper

forms

simply

by

scanning in

the

paper

forms

that

already

existed or

by

redrawing

these

paper

forms

with page

layout

programs such as

PageMaker

or

QuarkXpress. Electronic forms

composition

software,

which provides

the

user with

templates

and easy-to-use

drawing

tools,

also

helps

companies establish

their

pre-existing

forms

on-screen.

These

packages can

be

used as a

tool to

create clean

forms

designs

that

can

be

printed on a

laser

printer or stored

in

a

database

to

be

used

strictly

on

screen.

Electronic

forms

software not

only

provides

forms

design

features,

but

also offers

designed

and canmerge

the

forms

into existing

databases.

Many

packagesoffer users standard

drawing

tools to

create

the

form,

with a palette of

lines

in

all shapes and

thicknesses,

boxes,

circles, arcs, shades,

patterns.

Various

PostScript

fonts

are

usually

provided,

and some programs offer othertypographic

features

such as

kerning.

Graphically

embellished

forms

programs

Most

people agree

that

when

shopping

for

anelectronic

forms

software

package,

compa

nies should consider

forms

design,

data

management,

form

management, printing,

and

ease of use.

The

forms design

is

assumed

to

be

one of

the

primary

priorities,

and users are

told

that,

"The

package should provide a

library

of

forms

that

you can customize

by

adding

fonts

or

graphics,

plus

design

tools

for

creating

forms from

scratch."1

In

fact,

the

current

notion

in

the

electronic

forms

industry

is

that the

design

of

the

form

must

be

graphically

embellished

to

entice a user

to

fill

the

form

out.

According

to

Dimension

Specialist, Inc.,

an

Oklahoma-based

electronic

forms

specialist,

"People

want

to

see

the

actual

form

on

the

screen so

they

can

tab to

desired fields

and

fill

them

in

. . .

Symantec/Delrina

markets

their

product

FormFlow

by

stating it

has,

".

. . advanced object-oriented

design

tools

such

as radio

buttons,

tables

and graphics

to

easily

recreate

the

look

and

feel

of

the

paper

form

on-screen."3

In August

1993,

American

Printer

reported

that

more

than

eighty

companies market

some

type

of electronic

forms

software.4

Some

of

the

top

contenders

in

today's

PC

market

for

electronic

forms

are

Delrina's

[now

Symantec/Delrina] FormFlow, JetForm,

Novell/WordPerfect's

Informs,

and

Lotus' _Forms.5

Delrina actually

has

50 percent of

the

electronic

forms

market as a result of

PerForm,

aprogram

that

the

government

uses,

and

JetForm

comes

in

at

25

percent of

the

marketshare.6

For

the

Macintosh

market,

Informed

Designer

by

Shana

and

Smart Form

by

Claris

are

two

in

a

list

of

top

vendors.

Most

of

the

the

screenyou create

for

the

design

of

the

form is

the

form

that

will

be

used.

Templates

are

usually

offered where

the

forms

designer

can choose

from

ready-to-use

forms

that

can

then

be

customized withgraphicsand

shading

by

using

the

design

tools

offered.

Each

of

these

vendors

is

among

the

top

contenders not

only

because

of

the

forms design

and

fill-in

packages

they

offer,

but

also

because

they

provide

tools

to

connect

the

electron

ic

forms

to

the

electronic workplaceenvironment as

intelligent forms

that

can

be

routed

from

person

to

person

through

a network.

Many

of

the

software programs available

today

are

strictly

for creating

the

design

of

the

form

such as

Form XPress

from

XPoint

Corporation

or

Forms Machine

from

Ullman

Software

Enterprises.7

Other

productsare on

the

market which

help

the

user with

further forms

management.

For

instance,

Xerox's

In Concert

provides

the

electronic

routing

capabilities

to

establish a

workgroup computing

environment,

and

AcuForm

from TopForm/

Acumen Systems

is

a

data

entry

program

that

scans

in

the

data from

existing forms

andplaces

it

directly

into

a

database.

One

of

the

marketed advantages of an on-screen

form

that

is

embellished with graphics

is

that

it

entices

the

user

to

fill

it

out.

Graphics

can

transform

what was once a

boring

form

into something visually

appealing.

The Shana

Corporation,

makers of

the

Macintosh-based

electronic

forms

software

Informed,

says

that

design

is

the

basis

of

the

forms

process.8

Personal

Publishing

magazine

says,

"A form

that

is appealing

as well as efficient

will

help

you accomplish your goal of

gathering

and

organizing

information."9

Particularly

with electronic

forms

being

a new

technology,

people

may

feel

more com

fortable

filling

out a

form

that

looks like

the

paper

forms

that

they

have been

accustomed

to.

According

to the

GartnerGroup

in

1995,

during

the

next

five

yearsvendorswill provide

electronic

form

templates

as examples

to

be

used

in

designing

electronic

forms,

but forms

designers

will still need

to

customize

their

forms

".

. .

for

professional use and

to

maintain

corporate standards

for

E-form

'look

and feel.'"10

This

means

including

the

company's

logo,

as well as other graphics

to

create a

form

similar

to

the

paper

forms

usedpreviously.

form

and

know

immediately

where

to

go

to

fill

out a certain

block

of

information.

Lisa

Burton

of

Graphics

Systems West in

Ventura,

California,

suggests

that

designers

place cer

tain

piecesof

information in

the

same spot on

the

form.

As

an

example,

she always places

phonenumbers

in

the

same

location

so

that

users

do

notneed

to

look

all over

the

place

for

them.

In

this

way

the

design

is

kept

consistent.11

Much

effortgoes

into

the

design

of

the

form

on-screen.

The

form

oftentimes

is divided

into

sections

to

aid

the

user

in

identifying

pieces of

information

more quickly.

These

are

often separated

by

thick rules,

while

thin

rules

help

separate material

inside

each section.

The

title

of

the

form

is

an

attention-grabber,

so

many

forms designers

place

the

title

in

a

large

point size and

boldface

it. The

logo

is

an

important

addition

to the

form

aswell and

can

be

imported

then

placed

into

the

form.

The

placement of captions

is

vital

to

aid

the

user as well.

Usually

captions are either positioned at

the

baseline,

below

the

line,

or

in

the

upper

left-hand

corner of a cell.

Special

attention

to

detail

is

also

involved in

the

spacing

of

the

form: horizontal

space should

be

equal and should allow

the

user room

to

fill in

information.12

Compiling

all of

these

instructions together,

the

form

should

be designed

graphically

to

aid

the

user

in

filling

out

the

form.

The early

efforts

in creating

electronic

forms

technology

concentrated on

".

. .

creating

electronic

layouts

that

could

be

merged withvariable

data

on

high-speed

printers,

such as

the

IBM

3800 and

Xerox

4700."

13

Designing

forms

to

be

printed on-demand

effectively is

still a major concern of

the

software companies.

The

moregraphics a

form

has,

especially

with

imported

EPS, TIFF,

or

PICT

files,

the

more complicated

the

process and

the

more

likely

an error can occur when

sending

a

form

to

print.

As

with

any

document,

good out

put requires attention

to

detail:

graphics should

be

linked

and

fonts

used need

to

be

included.14

Although

this

generally is

more of a problem when

sending

a

document

to

an

imagesetter

or a service

bureau

instead

of a

laser

printer, the

inclusion

of moregraphicsand

various

fonts

has

the

possibility

to

create problems.

Forms

management

is

required

to

storeand

When

designing

a

form

on-screen,

designers face

other

demands

that

were not preva

lent

when

designing

paper

forms.

For

instance,

screens or patterns should not

be

used

to

decorate

the

form if

the

form

is going

to

be

output on a printer at 300

dpi

because

the

non-refined

dots

willmake

it

difficult

to

read

the

text.15

Another

_{potential problem}

is

when

color

is

usedon

the

form.

It is

always

important

to

remember

that

on-screen color

is

dif

ferent

from

output

color,

and

black

type

is

still

the

easiest

type to

read.

Different

colors are

associated with

different

audiences as well.

Michael

McCoy,

who

has been

in

the

forms

management

field for

over

twenty

years,

cites

the

example of not

using

red

for

a

bank

deposit

slip

because

of

its

association with

debt

andwarning.16

Problems

also occur with

type

sizes on-screen.

Most

forms

are produced

to

be

printed

onto an

8

V2

inch

by

11

inch

piece of paper.

In

order

to

fit

all of

the

captions and

informa

tion,

the

point sizes of

the type

must

be

very

small.

According

to

Personal

Publishing

Magazine,

captions are

usually

set

in

a sans serif

typeface

for

readability,

but

they

are

only

in

6

point

to

8

point

type.

Instructions,

subheads and

type

are

usually in

10 or 12 point

type.17

Even

_{12 point}

type,

the

largest

of

those

just

listed,

is

a

bit

small

to

read

sufficiently

on-screen.

14

point

type

and

higher

are

usually better

point sizes

for

on-screen readability.

Another

problem

is

the

size of

the

page on

the

screen.

Most

computer monitors are not

made

to

view a

full

8

V2

inch

by

11

inch

piece of paper.

This

leaves

the

viewer

to

zoom

in

or

scroll aroundon

the

screen

in

order

to

get around

the

form.

With many

graphics,

a new

section of

the

form

needs

to

be

redrawn each

time the

user scrolls

to

view a

hidden

part of

the

document.

This

takes time.

Also,

areas of

the

screen which

indicate instructions

may

be hidden from

view,

causing

the

user

to

have

to

scroll

back

and

forth.

The

data

entry

form format

An

alternative

to

the

graphical

form

is

a strict

data

entry

form format.

Although

this

has

not

become

a standard alternative

in

the

electronic

forms

industry

yet, the

data entry form

Two

software applications are available which

skip

the

graphics on

the

form

and get

straight

to

the

point with a

questions-only

format:

Intercon

Associates'

PowerForm

and

Delrina's

FormFill.

PowerForm

contains

lists

of

inquiries

that

ask

the

user questionssuch

as,

"What

is

your

name?"

or

"What

is

yourstate?".

The

answers are

then

plugged

immedi

ately into

a

database

where

they

can

be

placed on

top

of

any

form

or can

be

routed elec

tronically

for workgroup

computing.

As

a

result,

no graphics are ever needed

to

fill

out a

form.

The

software concentrates

strictly

on

the

data

that

is

entered.

Delrina's

FormFlow

features

Intelligent Forms Language

whichadds

intelligence

to the

user's

forms

and allows

the

user

to

dictate

where and when

the

form

should

be

routed.

With FormFlow

the

usercan

choose

to

include

graphics or not when

routing

electronically.

Since

data

is

the

only

thing

routed

electronically, there

are no graphics

to

slow

down

the

computer and

the

system requires

fewer bytes

of memory.

While Novell/WordPerfect's

Informs

requires 280,878

bytes,

JetForm

requires

80,609

bytes for

the

designer file

and

JetForm's

filler file

takes

up

102,500

bytes,

Delrina's FormFlow only

requires

67,918

bytes

of

memory.18

Most

of

this

memory in JetForm

and

Novell/WordPerfect's Informs

is

con

sumed

by

the

graphics required

for

the

form.

Design

time

is

also saved when all

that

is

needed

is

the

questions

that

are

going

to

be

askedversus graphical

form

which needs not

only

the questions,

but

the

WYSIWYG

draw

ing

of

the

form.

Designers

with experience can expect

to take

10

hours

to

create a

form

in

FormFlow,

14

hours

to

design

a

form

with

JetForm,

and 16

hours

when

using

InForms.*9

This

time

amount can

be

greatly

reduced.

Another

advantage

is

the

elimination of

the

scrolling

time

as

the

computer completes

the

graphics.

When scrolling

through questions, the

computer reads

this

as straight

text

and

the

resulting

scroll

time

is brief.

The

data-entry

form

format

has its

disadvantages

as well.

First,

the

lack

ofgraphics

may

bore

a user who needs

that

extra

flourish

to

complete what

may

sometimes

be

the

mun

are written

today

indicate

that

designers

should add

these

embellishments

because

users

prefer

them.

Another

disadvantage

with

the

strict

data-entry

format

is in

the

list

of questions.

Suppose

a

form

is

designed

with a

list

of one

hundred

questions and

the

user

decides

to

change an answer

to

one of

them

but

can't remember what number question

it

was or

when

it

was asked.

The

user would need

to

scroll

through

the

entire

list

just

to

find

the

one

question

desired.

On

agraphical

form,

the

userwould

visually

be

able

to

go

directly

to that

cell

to

change

the

answer.

One

of

the

main reasons

for

this thesis

project

has

to

do

with

the

fact

that

using

the

form

accounts

for

65

percent of

the

form's

total

cost.

In

a

study

by

the

State

of

Missouri's

Office

of

Administration

Forms Management

Unit,

this

forms

usage was

defined

as

including

fill

in

time

(to

complete

form)

andcost

to train

new employees

to

useelectron

ic

forms.20

If

there

exists a simpler

form

such as

the

questions-only

format,

and

it is found

to

be faster

and easier

to use, then: the

fill

in

time

is

reduced, the

cost of

training

new

employees

is

reduced,

and

therefore

65

percent of

the total

cost of

the

form

can

be

greatly

reduced.

The

resultsof

this

research should

indicate

whether users

actually

do

prefer graphics on

their

forms

or

if

they

prefer a strict

data-entry

style

form

with no embellishments.

It

should also

indicate,

regardless of what users

prefer,

which style of

form

is

quicker

to

fill

Endnotes

for

Chapter

2

1

Scott

Sanbauer, "Perfect

Forms With

Windows,"

PC

World,

(July

1991),

p.

200.

2

Dimension

Specialist,

Inc.

[on-line]

http://www.dspecialist.com/

(March

1996).

3

Symantec/Delrina

[on-line]

http://www.delrina.com/

(March

1996).

4

Noel

Jeffrey, "Forms

Ingenuity,"

American

Printer,

(August

1993),

p.

57.

5

R.

Casonato,

"Electronic

Forms,"

GartnerGroup

Conference

Presentation

IDOM1

EForms,

July

1995,

pg.

10.

6

META

Group,

Advanced Information Management

[Newsletter],

(November

30,

1995)

7

Jennifer A.

Mariano,

"Software

Programs Advance

the

Art

of

Forms

Design,"

Business

Forms,

Labels &

Systems,

(August

1990),

p.

20.

8

Shana

Corporation,

"Informed"

Shana Corporation: The

Company,

The

Products,

The

Future

[Marketing

Material]

pg.

1.

9

Philip

Bishop,

"Are

You In Good

Form?,"

Personal

Publishing,

(February

1991)

p.

22.

10

R.

Casonato,

"Electronic

Forms,"

GartnerGroup

Conference Presentation IDOM1

EForms,

July

1995,

pg.

8.

11

Philip

Bishop,

"Are

You In Good

Form?"

Personal

Publishing,

(February

1991)

p.

22.

12

Ibid.,

25.

13

Ivars

Sarkans,

"Electronic

Forms

Shape

the

Future,"

Business

Forms,

Labels &

Systems,

(August

1994)

p.

73.

14

Kathleen

Tinkel,

"Preflight

Takes

Off,"

Publish,

(February.

1995),

pp.

46-48.

15

Philip

Bishop,

"Are

You In Good

Form?,"

Personal

Publishing,

(February

1991)

p.

25.

16

Ibid.

17

Ibid.

18

Horsey,

David

M.,

evaluation on cost of

design

using

expense report

for

Xerox

Corporation,

(February

1996)

p.

1.

19

Ibid,

3.

20

State

of

Missouri

Office

of

Administration

Forms

Management

Unit,

"Electronic

Forms Savings Calculation

Method,"

paper presented at

the

1995

Business

Forms

Chapter

3

Hypotheses

Most

people

in

the

electronic

forms

industry

assume

that

users prefer electronic

forms

with graphical elements.

Yet,

there

has been

nosubstantial research

up

to this

point

to

back

this

assumption.

No

comparison

has been

made as

to the

differences between

the timeli

ness,

accuracy,

and user's preference of

the

graphical

form

and

the

straight

data-entry

form.

This

research

is

aimed at

answering

these

questions.

The

hypotheses

are:

1.

Users

willprefer on-screen

forms

embellished with graphical

design

elements.

2.

Data

will

be

entered more

accurately

when

using

astraight

data

entry

form.

3.

Users

will enter

data

more

quickly

when

using

astraight

data

entry

form.

As

these

two

forms have

not yet

been

compared, these

are

only

assumptions as

to

what

will

occur,

and

these

assumptions are

based

on

the

looks

of

the

forms

in

the

software pro

Chapter 4

Methodology

The

objective of

this

research

is

to

compare

the

graphical

form

to the

straight

data

entry

form.

This

will

be

measured

according

to

three

determinants:

first,

the timeliness

of enter

ing

data

which

translates

into how

quickly

the

subjects

fill

in

each

form;

second, the

accu

racy

with which

the

data

is

entered or

how

"right"

their

answers

are;

third,

the

preference

of

the

user which

form

type

they

find

easier

to

use.

An

expense report will

be

created

for

two

different

types

of

formats.

One

will

be filled

in using

a

graphically

embellished

form designed

using

the

software

JetForm. The

other

expense report will

be filled

in using

a straight

data-entry

format

created

in PowerForm

which will ask

the

same questions

that

are on

the

JetForm

form.

Therefore

both forms

will

be

identical

in

content,

but

different in

the

format

of

the

form.

The

forms

will

be

created

andstored

in

a

PC

at

Xerox

Corporation

on

West Henrietta Road.

Two

scenariosof equal

length

will

be

written out

for

the

users

to

read.

These

will con

tain

data

that

should

be

entered

into

each

form.

The

scenarios will

be

written

telling

the

user who went on a

trip,

how

much

they

spenton which

days

and on

what,

etc.

The

sce

narios will

be

similar

but have

different

data for

the

users

to

enter.

This

willeliminate

the

bias

to

one

form

overanother

strictly

on

the

basis

of

better

recollection of

data for

the

sec

ond

form

filled

out.

Subjects

for

the

experimentwill

be

various people

in

the

community

who

have

not used

JetForm

or

PowerForm.

Twenty

subjects will

be

chosen.

The

experimentwill

take

placeon

The

subjectswill

be

given

time

to

read over

the

scenarios.

When

they

are

ready

they

will

begin

the

experiment.

Each

subject will

be

timed

with a stopwatch as soon as

they

start

filling

out each

form

until

they

finish

the

form.

Each

subject will

therefore

be

timed twice

once

for

filling

out

the

JetForm

form

and once

for

filling

out

the

PowerForm

form.

Their

times

will

be

recorded.

When

the

subjectsare

finished

filling

out each

form

they

will

be handed

a survey.

This

survey

will askquestionsas

to the

preference of

the

forms

and why.

The

subjects will

fill

out

the

survey

by

hand

and return

it.

(See Figure

1.

Survey

on pages 18 and

19.)

The

completed

forms

will

be

printed out and checked

for

accuracy

of

entering

data.

The

results will

be

recorded

along

with

the time taken

for

each,

and

these

will

be

kept

with

the

survey

for

each subject.

The

results of

the

experiment will

be

tabulated

and will provide answers

to the

hypothe

ses.

The

results will show

how

many

users preferred which

type

of

form,

which

form

was

quicker

to

fill

out,

which

form

provided

the

most accurate

results,

and acompilation of

these three

measurements.

For

instance,

perhaps a user preferred one

type

of

form

but

produced quicker and more accurate results on another

type

of

form. Or

perhaps a user

preferred one

type

of

form

and

that

form

was

faster

to

fill

out

but

the

user

did

not

fill

in

the

form

accurately.

The

equipment needed will

be

as

follows:

a

PC

at

Xerox

Corporation

on

West Henrietta

Rd., Rochester, NY,

JetForm

and

PowerForm

software

programs,

and a stopwatch.

All

exper

imental

work will

be

performed

in

the

Forms Management

Department

of

Xerox

Corporation

on

West Henrietta

Rd., Rochester,

New

York. All

software

has been donated

by

Xerox Corporation.

The

following

pages contain

the

survey

used as well as

the

data

entered and

properly

Figure

1.

Survey

Survey

Circle

the

answerwhich

best

represents your opinion.

Have

you ever

filled

out a

form

on-screen

using

anelectronic

forms

software

program?

a.

Yes

b. No

2.

Have

you ever used either

JetForm

or

PowerForm

before

today?

a.

Yes

b. No

3.

Which

program

did

youprefer

to use,

JetForm

or

PowerForm?

a.

JetForm

b. PowerForm

c.

No Preference

4.

What

did

you useasa

basis for

your answer

to

question

3?

(Circle

as

many

as

you

feel

apply)

a.

Ease

ofuse

b.

Accuracy

(How correctly

you

filled

in

the

data)

c.

Timeliness (How

quick

it

took

you

to

fill

out

the

form)

d.

Other:

5.

If in

question

4

youchose answer "a"asoneofyour

responses,

what was ease

ofuse

due

to?

(Circle

as

many

asyou

feel

apply)

a.

The

on-screen

form

looking

like

a paper

form

b. Questions

in

list form

without

needing

to

see

the

look

of

the

form

on-screen

c.

Not

having

to

zoom

in

andout

to

seevariouspartsof

the

screen

d.

Not

having

to

scroll

through

anentire

list

ofquestions

to

find

the

ones you

want

to

answer

e.

Other:

6.

If in

question

4

you chose answer

"b"

as one ofyour

responses,

what was

accuracy

due

to?

(Circle

as

many

asyou

feel

apply)

a.

The

on-screen

form

looking

like

apaper

form

b. Questions in list form

without

needing

to

see

the

look

of

the

form

on-screen

c.

Not

having

to

zoom

in

and out

to

see various parts of

the

screen

d. Not

having

to

scroll throughanentire

list

of

questions

to

find

the

ones you

want

to

answer

7.

If in

question

4

you

chose

answer

"c"

as one of your

responses,

whatwas

timeliness

due

to?

(Circle

as

many

as your

feel

apply)

a.

The

on-screen

form

looking

like

a paper

form

b.

Questions in

list form

without

needing

to

see

the

look

of

the

form

on-screen c.

Not

having

to

zoom

in

and out

to

see various parts of

the

screen

d. Not

having

to

scroll

through

an entire

list

ofquestions

to

find

the

onesyou want

to

answer

e.

Other:

8.

If in

question

4

you choseanswer

"d"

as one of your

responses,

whatwas

the

reason you chose other?

(Circle

as

many

as you

feel

apply)

a.

The

on-screen

form

looking

like

apaper

form

b.

Questions

in

list

form

without

needing

to

see

the

look

of

the

form

on-screen c.

Not

having

to

zoom

in

and out

to

see various parts of

the

screen

d. Not

having

to

scroll

through

an entire

list

of questions

to

find

the

ones you want

to

answer

e.

Other:

9.

Rank

each

in

order of

importance

to

you as auser ofelectronic

forms.

l=Most

important,

2=Second in

importance,

3=Least important.

Ease

of use

Accuracy

Timeliness

10.

Is there

anything

else you would

like

to

say

about your preference?

The

following

is

anexampleof

the

data

sheet

that

was given

to

the

user

before

filling

in

the

expense report

in JetForm.

An

example of a

properly

completed expense report

where theuser

filled in

the

data

shown

here

in JetForm is

on

the

next page.

Figure

2.

Data

for

JetForm

Data

for

JetForm

Your

name

is Louis Pasternal

and you went

to

Orlando,

Florida

for

the

annual

meeting

from

April

4,

1996

to

April

6,

1996.

Your

phone number

is

716-244-7432.

Your

employee

number

is 678392

and

the

Project

number was

8342.

There

is

no

Budget Center

or

Team

number.

The

approver

for

your

trip

is Andrea

Randall,

employee number

295836.

You

did

not use airline

tickets

since you rented a car

for

the trip.

Xerox

reimburses you

$.25/mile.

On April

4th,

$50

was charged

to

American Express

for

a rental car.

$60.52

was charged

on

American Express for

a

hotel

room.

$37.80

was spent

in

cash on meals and

$12

was spent

in

cash

for

parking.

You

made no phone calls.

Gasoline

cost you

$15

cash

to

fill

the

tank.

You

drove

85

miles.

On April

5th,

youallocated

$50

to

American

Express for

yourrental car and

$60.52

was

charged on

American Express

for

a

hotel

room.

$15

wasspent

in

cash on meals and

$120

was charged

to

American Express

for

meals.

You

spent

$6

cash on phone calls.

Gasoline

cost you

$11.67 in

cash.

You

drove

37

miles.

On April

6th,

you once again put

$50

to

American

Express

for

your rental car.

You

checked out of

the

hotel

andpaid cash

$7

for

breakfast. You

spent

$6

cash on phone calls

to

call your wife.

Gasoline

cost you

$18.89

whichyou puton your

American Express.

You

drove

94

miles.

Before

you

left for

this

trip

you

did

receive a

travel

advance of

$150

in

cash.

And

you

Figure

3.

Expense Report

in JetForm

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[image:30.569.79.484.89.676.2]

The

following

is

anexampleof

the

data

sheet

that

was given

to

the

user

before

filling

in

the

expense report

in PowerForm. An

example of a

properly

completedexpense report

where

the

user

filled in

the

data

shown

here

in

PowerForm

is

on

the

following

pages.

Figure

4.

Data

for

PowerForm

Data

for

PowerForm

Your

name

is Sylvia Porter

and you

travelled to

Phoenix,

Arizona

for

the

annual

meeting

from

March

10,

1996

to

March

12,

1996.

Your

phone number

is

716-845-2051.

Your

employee number

is

443972

and

the

Project

number was

7693.

There

is

no

Budget

Center

or

Team

number.

The

approver

for

your

trip

is Jonathan

Smythe,

employee num

ber

483923.

You

did

not use airline

tickets

since you rented a car

for

the trip.

Xerox

reim

burses

you

$.33/mile.

On March

10th,

$45

was charged

to

American Express

for

arental car.

$70.87

was charged on

American Express

for

a

hotel

room.

$24.20

was spent

in

cash on meals and

$7

wasspent

in

cash

for

parking.

You

made no phone calls.

Gasoline

cost you

$14

cash

to

fill

the tank.

You drove

76

miles.

On March

1

1th,

you allocated

$45

to

American

Express

for

your rentalcar and

$70.87

was charged on

American

Express for

a

hotel

room.

$9

was spent

in

cash on meals and

$140

was charged

to

American Express for

meals.

You

spent

$12

cash on phone calls.

Gasoline

cost you

$12.92 in

cash.

You

drove

28

miles.

On March

12th,

youonce again put

$45

to

American

Express

for

your rental car.

You

checked out of

the

hotel

and paid cash

$5.50

for

breakfast. You

spent

$6

cash on phone calls

to

call your

husband.

Gasoline

costyou

$17.86

which youput on your

American

Express.

You

drove

88

miles.

Figure

5.

Expense Report in PowerForm

PowerForm

Filler Variable

Listing

Filled

Form File: c:\powrform\filled\kpfill.pff

5/21/95 3:02 ?M

Variable

Name: Replacement Data:

Employee

Name Sylvia Porter

Employee Number 443972

Phone Number

716-845-2051

3udget Center

Team Number

Project Number 7693

Approver 1 Name Jonathan Smythe

Approver 1 Employee Number 483923

Approver 2 Name

Approver 2 Employee Number

Destination & Purpose of the

Trip

Annual meeting in Phoenix, Arizona

Select If This Report Includes Air Fare

Reimbursement

For A

Trip

That Has Not Yet Been Taken.

Select If The Air Fare Was

Previously

Reimbursed.

Select If Airline Tickets Were

Fully

Used

Select If Airline Tickets Were Not

Fully

Used

Centrally

Billed Fares

Travel Advances

200

Traveler'

s Cheques Added to AMEX

AMEX Personal Items Added

50

AMEX Adjust/Credit Subtracted

Personal Car Mileage Reimbursement

Rate

.33

Other Expense Explanations

Day

1 - _Date 03/10/96

Car Rental - _AMEX

(Day

1 Line

1)

45

Cash

(Day

1 Line

2)

Airfare/Train - _AMEX

(Day

1 Line

3)

- _Other

(Day

1 Line

4)

[image:32.569.66.509.107.700.2]

PowerForm

Filler Variable

Listing

Filled Form File: c:\powrform\filled\kpfill.pft

5/21/96

3:02 PM

Variable

Name: Replacement Data:

Hotel - _AMEX

(Day

1 Line

5)

70.87

:ash

(Day

1 Line

6)

Meals - _AMEX

(Day

1 Line

7)

Cash

(Day

I Line

8)

24.20

Business Meetings & Customer

Entertainment

-AMEX

(Day

1 Line

9)

Cash

(Day

1 Line

10)

Parking/Tolls

-AMEX

(Day

1 Line

11)

-Cash

(Day

1 Line

12)

7

Telephone

-AMEX

(Day

i Line

13)

-Cash

(Day

1 Line

14)

Gasoline

-AMEX

(Day

1 Line 15)

- _Cash

(Day

1 Line

16)

14

Taxi AMEX

(Day

1 Line

17)

-Cash

(Day

1 Line

18)

Laundry

AMEX

(Day

1 Line

19)

- _Cash

(Day

1 Line

20)

Gratuities - _AMEX

(Day

1 Line

21)

-Cash

(Day

1 Line

22)

Other (Explain

Below)

-AMEX

(Day

1 Line

23)

- _Cash

(Day

1 Line

24)

Personal Auto Mileage - _Miles

(Day

1 Line

25)

76

Day

2 - _Date 03/11/96

Car Rental

-AMEX

(Day

2 Line I) 45

-Cash

(Day

2 Line

2)

Airfare/Train AMEX

(Day

2 Line

3)

- _Other

(Day

2 Line

4)

Hotel

-AMEX

(Day

2 Line

5)

70.87

PowerForm

Filler Variable

Listing

Filled Form File: c:\powrforrn\filied\kpfill.pff

5/21/95

3 :02 PM

Variab1e Name: Replacement Data:

- _Cash

(Day

2 Line

6)

Meals AMEX

(Day

2 Line

7)

140

- _Cash

(Day

2 Line

3)

9

3usiness Meetings & Customer

Entertainment AMEX

(Day

2 Line

9)

-Cash

(Day

2 Line

10)

Parking

/Tolls - _AMEX

(Day

2 Line il)

Cash

(Day

2 Line

12)

Telephone AMEX

(Day

2 Line

13)

Cash

(Day

2 Line

14)

12

Gasoline - _AMEX

(Day

2 Line

15)

- _Cash

(Day

2 Line

16)

12.92

Taxi - _AMEX

(Day

2 Line

17)

-Cash

(Day

2 Line

13)

Laundry

-AMEX

(Day

2 Line

19)

-Cash

(Day

2 Line

20)

Gratuities

-AMEX

(Day

2 Line

21)

- _Cash

(Day

2 Line

22)

Other (Explain

Below)

- _AMEX

(Day

2 Line

23)

- Cash

(Day

2 Line

24)

Personal Auto Mileage - _Miles

(Day

2 Line

25)

28

Day

3

-Date 03/12/96

Car Rental

-AMEX

(Day

3 Line

1)

45

- _Cash

(Day

3 Line

2)

Airfare/Train AMEX

(Day

3 Line

3)

- _Other

(Day

3 Line 4)

Hotel - _AMEX

(Day

3 Line

5)

-Cash

(Day

3 Line

6)

Page 3

PowerForm

Filler Variable

Listing

Filled

Form File: c:\powrform\filled\kpfili.pf:

5/21/Sb

3:02 PM

Variable

Name: Replacement Data:

Meals

-AMEX

(Day

3 Line

7)

Cash

(Day

3 Line

8)

5.50

3usiness Meetings & Customer

Entertainment - _AMEX

(Day

3 Line

9)

-Cash

(Day

3 Line

10)

Parking/Toils AMEX

(Day

3 Line

11)

Cash

(Day

3 Line

12)

Telephone AMEX

(Day

3 Line

13)

Cash

(Day

3 Line

14)

6

Gasoline AMEX

(Day

3 Line

15)

17.86

-Cash

(Day

3 Line

16)

Taxi

-AMEX

(Day

3 Line

17)

- _Cash

(Day

3 Line

18)

Laundry

- _AMEX

(Day

3 Line

19)

-Cash

(Day

3 Line

20)

Gratuities

-AMEX

(Day

3 Line

21)

- _Cash

(Day

3 Line

22)

Other (Explain

Below)

- _AMEX

(Day

3 Line

23)

-Cash

(Day

3 Line

24)

Personal Auto Mileage - _Miles

(Day

3 Line

25)

88

Day

4 - _Date

Car Rental - _AMEX

(Day

4 Line 1)

-Cash

(Day

Line

2)

Airfare/Train AMEX

(Day

4 Line

3)

-Other

(Day

4 Line 4)

Hotel

-AMEX

(Day

4 Line

5)

- _Cash

(Day

4 Line

6)

Meals - _AMEX

(Day

4 Line

7)

Page 4

PowerForm

Filler

Variable

Listing

Filled

Form File: c:\powrform\filled\kpfill.pff

5/21/9

3:02 p:

Variable

Name: Replacement Data:

Cash

(Day

4 Line

3)

3usiness

Meetings

& Customer Entertainment

-AMEX

(Day

4 Line

9)

Cash

(Day

4 Line

10)

Parking/Tolls - _AMEX

(Day

4 Line

11)

a _Cash

(Day

4 Line

12)

Telephone AMEX

(Day

4 Line

13)

Cash

(Day

4 Line

14)

Gasoline

-AMEX

(Day

4 Line

15)

= _Cash

(Day

_{4 Line}

16)

Taxi

-AMEX

(Day

4 Line

17)

^. Cash

(Day

4 Line

18)

Laundry

- _AMEX

(Day

4 Line

19)

Cash

(Day

4 Line

20)

Gratuities - _AMEX

(Day

4 Line

21)

Cash

(Day

4 Line

22)

Other

(Explain Below)

AMEX

(Day

4 Line

23)

-Cash

(Day

4 Line

24)

Personal Auto Mileage - _Miles

(Day

4 Line

25)

Day

5 - _Date

Car Rental - _AMEX

(Day

5 Line

1)

-Cash

(Day

5 Line

2)

Air

fare

/Train - _AMEX

(Day

5 Line

3)

-Other

(Day

5 Line

4)

Hotel - _AMEX

(Day

5 Line

5)

- _Cash

(Day

5 Line

5)

Meals - _AMEX

(Day

5 Line

7)

- _Cash

(Day

5 Line

8)

Page 5

PowerForm Filler

Variable

Listing

Filled

Form File: c:\powrform\filled\kpfill.pff

5/21/95

3:02 PM

Variable

Name:

3usiness Meetings & Customer

Entertainment

-AMEX

(Day

5 Line

9)

- _Cash

(Day

5 Line

10)

Reolacement Data:

Parking/Tolls

AMEX

(Day

5 Line .1)

Cash

(Day

5 Line

12)

Telephone

AMEX

(Day

5 Line

13:

Cash

(Day

5 Line

14)

Gasoline AMEX

(Day

5 Line

15)

Cash

(Day

5 Line

16)

Taxi AMEX

(Day

5 Line

17)

-Cash

(Day

5 Line

18)

Laundry

AMEX

(Day

5 Line

19)

Cash

(Day

5 Line

20)

Gratuities AMEX

(Day

5 Line

21)

Cash

(Day

5 Line

22)

Other (Explain

Below)

- _AMEX

(Day

5 Line

23)

Cash

(Day

5 Line

24)

Personal Auto Mileage - _Miles

(Day

5 Line

25)

Day

6 - _Date

Car Rental - _AMEX

(Day

6 Line

1)

Cash

(Day

6 Line

2)

Airfare/Train AMEX

(Day

6 Line

3)

- _Other

(Day

6 Line

4)

Hotel - _AMEX

(Day

6 Line

5)

Cash

(Day

6 Line

6)

Meals AMEX

(Day

6 Line

7)

Cash

(Day

6 Line

3)

3usiness Meetings & Customer

:ertainment - _AMEX

(Day

6 Line

9)

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