Exploring uncertainties in the relationship between temperature, ice volume, and sea level over the past 50 million years
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![Figure 1. Sea level time series from 0 to 50 Ma. Kominz et al.’s [2008] regional sequence stratigraphysea level data from the New Jersey margin (10–50 Ma), showing highstand data and “conceptual” low-stands (blue lines)](https://thumb-us.123doks.com/thumbv2/123dok_us/7989528.205072/4.612.141.475.55.277/figure-kominz-regional-sequence-stratigraphysea-showing-highstand-conceptual.webp)
![Figure 2.Temperature time series for both deep-sea and surface temperatures. (a) Both deep-sea temper-of each site [[2009], where the data are presented as an anomaly relative to the pre-EOT mean for each site and includesadditional Northern Hemisphere hig](https://thumb-us.123doks.com/thumbv2/123dok_us/7989528.205072/7.612.127.488.55.337/figure-temperature-temperatures-presented-relative-includesadditional-northern-hemisphere.webp)
![Figure 3. Stack of benthic foraminifera d18O data, showingZachos et al.’s [2001] stack (light blue) and Zachos et al.’s[2008] updated stack with more data (red line and blackdots)](https://thumb-us.123doks.com/thumbv2/123dok_us/7989528.205072/11.612.315.552.517.672/figure-stack-benthic-foraminifera-showingzachos-zachos-updated-blackdots.webp)
![Figure 5.Pollard and DeConto’s [2005] GCM–ice sheet modeled results, for the East Antarctic IceSheet only (the WAIS is not fully represented)](https://thumb-us.123doks.com/thumbv2/123dok_us/7989528.205072/14.612.138.476.55.295/figure-pollard-deconto-modeled-results-antarctic-icesheet-represented.webp)
![Figure 6. Deep-sea temperature against regional sea level crossplot. Dark red error bars are for Kominzet al.’s [2008] New Jersey regional sea level against Lear et al.’s [2000] Mg/Ca deep-sea temperatureanomaly (this review)](https://thumb-us.123doks.com/thumbv2/123dok_us/7989528.205072/15.612.139.475.54.277/figure-temperature-regional-crossplot-kominzet-jersey-regional-temperatureanomaly.webp)
![Figure 8.Low-latitude sea surface temperature against regional sea level. The dark blue error bars arefor Kominz et al.’s [2008] New Jersey regional sea level against Lear et al.’s [2008] Mg/Ca sea surfacetemperature from Tanzania for the EOT](https://thumb-us.123doks.com/thumbv2/123dok_us/7989528.205072/17.612.143.471.489.704/figure-latitude-surface-temperature-regional-regional-surfacetemperature-tanzania.webp)
![Figure 10. Impact of different past seawater Mg/Ca scenarios on crossplots of Kominz et al.’s [2008]New Jersey regional sea level against Lear et al.’s [2000] DST](https://thumb-us.123doks.com/thumbv2/123dok_us/7989528.205072/18.612.140.474.55.271/figure-different-seawater-scenarios-crossplots-kominz-jersey-regional.webp)
![Figure 11.Data as per Figure 6, showing deep-sea temperature against regional sea level, withfor potential isostatic offset by shifting on the Archer’s[2006] linear trend shown inset](https://thumb-us.123doks.com/thumbv2/123dok_us/7989528.205072/19.612.138.474.449.673/figure-temperature-regional-withfor-potential-isostatic-shifting-archer.webp)
![Figure 13. Data as per Figure 8, showing low-latitude SST against regional sea level, with Archer’s[2006] linear trend shown inset](https://thumb-us.123doks.com/thumbv2/123dok_us/7989528.205072/20.612.138.475.53.278/figure-data-figure-showing-latitude-regional-archer-linear.webp)
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