A Dissertation on
A STUDY OF 100 CASES OF PANCYTOPENIA : A CLINICO-HEMATOLOGICAL CORRELATION
Dissertation Submitted to
THE TAMILNADU Dr.M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY CHENNAI - 600 032C
With partial fulfillment of the regulations for the award of the degree of M.D. GENERAL MEDICINE
BRANCH-I
COIMBATORE MEDICAL COLLEGE, COIMBATORE
CERTIFICATE-I
Certified that this is the bonafide dissertation done by Dr. M.MOHAMED FAIZAL BASHEER and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of M.D., General Medicine, Branch I of The Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai.
Prof.DR.K.SWAMINATHAN MD Guide & Professor
Guide, CHIEF-UNIT-VI Department of General Medicine
Prof.DR.KUMAR NATARAJAN MD HOD, Department of General Medicine
Date: Prof. DR.B.ASOKAN MS,M.Ch Dean
DECLARATION
I Solemnly declare that the dissertation titled “A STUDY OF 100
CASES OF PANCYTOPENIA: A CLINICO-HEMATOLOGICAL CORRELATION” was done by me from JULY 2017 to JUNE 2018 under the
guidance and supervision of PROF. Dr K.SWAMINATHAN M.D.
This dissertation is submitted to The Tamilnadu Dr.M.G.R. Medical
University towards the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of
MD degree in General Medicine (Branch 1)
Place: Coimbatore
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my sincere thanks to our respected Dean
Prof. Dr. B.ASOKAN M.S.,MCh, (Plastic Surgery) for having allowed me
to conduct this study in our hospital.
I express my heartfelt thanks and deep gratitude to the Head of the
Department of Medicine Prof. Dr.KUMAR NATARAJAN, MD for his
generous help and guidance in the course of the study
I sincerely thank PROF.DR.K.SWAMINATHAN.M.D, Unit-VI Chief,
Department of Medicine, for the valuable help and cooperation and allowing
me to use institutional facilities.
I am extremely grateful to Prof.Dr.MURALI M.D.,HOD,
DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY, for his valuable help and cooperation
and allowing me to use institutional facilities.
I am extremely grateful to Prof. DR.LALITHA, MD.,HOD
Department of Pathology, for their valuable help and cooperation and allowing
me to use institutional facilities.
I am extremely grateful to Prof. DR.MANIMEGALAI, MD.,HOD,
Department of BIOCHEMISTRY, for their valuable help and cooperation and
I sincerely thank all the Asst. Professors DR.A.AKILA.DCH., M.D.,
Dr. M.BABU MD, of M6 unit, Department of general medicine for their
guidance and help.
I thank all my PATIENTS, who formed the backbone of this study
without whom this study would not have been possible.
Lastly, I am ever grateful to the ALMIGHTY GOD for always
showering His blessings on me and my family
CERTIFICATE – II
This is to certify that this dissertation work titled “A STUDY OF 100
CASES OF PANCYTOPENIA : A CLINICO-HEMATOLOGICAL CORRELATION” of the candidate DR.M.MOHAMED FAIZAL BASHEER
with registration Number- 201611309 for the award of M.D in the branch of
General Medicine I personally verified the urkund.com website for the purpose
of plagiarism Check. I found that the uploaded thesis file contains from
introduction to conclusion pages and result shows 4% (FOUR) percentage of
plagiarism in the dissertation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SL.NO TITLES PAGE.NO
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 2
3 MATERIALS & METHODS 3
4 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6
5 RESULTS 31
6 OBSERVATIONS & CORRELATIONS 83
7 DISCUSSION 93
8 SUMMARY OF THE STUDY 97
9 CONCLUSION 99
10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 101
11 ANNEXURES
I.PROFORMA 106
II.CONSENT FORM 110
III.KEY TO MASTER CHART 112
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED
HB –Hemoglobin in grams
PLT-platelet count in cubic mm
TLC –Total leucocyte count in cubic.mm
AA–Aplastic anemia
HIV – Human immunodeficiency virus
EBV – Ebstein barr virus
WHO - World Health Organisation
ESR – Erythrocyte sedimentation rate- mm in 1 hour
MCV – Mean corpuscular volume
RFT – Renal function test
LFT – Liver function test
ECG-Electrocardiogram
BMA- Bone marrow aspiration
SLE- Systemic lupus erythrematosus
TB – Tuberculosis
CD – Cluster of differentiation
MDS – Myelodysplastic syndrome
HCL – Hairy cell leukemia
LDH – Lactate dehydrogenase
CLD – CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE
ALL – Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE
NO. FIGURE
PAGE NO.
1 TREPHINE BIOPSY-NORMAL MARROW AND
APLASTIC MARROW
14
2 MDS -RINGED SIDEROBLAST 20
3 MDS – PSEUDOPELGER HEUT CELL 20
4 MDS – PAWN BALL MEGAKARYOCYTE 20
5 HAIRY CELL IN PERIPHERAL SMEAR 22
6 BONE MARROW - FRIED EGG APPEARANCE
IN HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA
LIST OF CHARTS
CHART
NO. NAME OF THE CHART
PAGE NO.
1 AGE DISTRIBUTION 32
2 SEX DISTRIBUTION 32
3 DIET PATTERN IN 100 PANCYTOPENIA CASES 32
4 ALCOHOLISM HISTORY IN 100 PANCYTOPENIA
CASES
33
5 ASSOCIATED COMORBIDITIES IN PANCYTOPENIA
PATIENT
33
6 SYMPTOMS IN PANCYTOPENIA 34
7 SIGNS IN PANCYTOPENIA 35
8 HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS IN PANCYTOPENIA
PATIENTS
36
9 TOTAL COUNT LEVELS IN PANCYTOPENIA 37
10 PLATELET COUNTS IN PANCYTOPENIA CASES 37
11 ESR & RETICULOCYTE COUNT IN PANCYTOPENIA
CASES
38
12 MCV LEVELS IN PANCYTOPENIA CASES 39
13 SERUM LDH LEVELS IN PANCYTOPENIA CASES 40
14 HIV STATUS IN PANCYTOPENIA 41
15 MEAN VITAMIN B12 LEVELS IN PANCYTOPNIA 42
16 ECG FINDINGS IN PANCYTOPENIA 42
17 CHEST X-RAY FINDINGS IN PANCYTOPENIA 43
18 VARIOUS USG ABDOMEN FINDINGS IN
PANCYTOPENIA
44
18A. PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN PANCYTOPENIA 45
20 PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS/CAUSES OF PANCYTOPENIA CASES
47
21 PROBABLE ETIOLOGY OF MEGALOBLASTIC
ANEMIA
49
22 MEAN AGE IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 50
23 MEAN VIT.B12 LEVEL IN MEGALOBLASTIC
ANEMIA
52
24 VARIOUS SYMPTOMS IN MEGALOBLASTIC
ANEMIA
53
25 VARIOUS SIGNS IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 54
26 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 55
27 BMA FINDINGS IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 56
28 SYMPTOMS IN APLASTIC ANEMIA 57
29 SIGNS IN APLASTIC ANEMIA 58
30 VARIOUS INFECTIONS CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA 59
31 MEAN VIT.B12 LEVELS IN VARIOUS INFECTIONS
CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
61
32 SYMPTOMS IN INFECTIONS CAUSING
PANCYTOPENIA
62
33 SIGNS IN INFECTIONS CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA 63
34 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN INFECTIONS PRODUCING
PANCYTOPENIA
64
35 BMA IN VARIOUS INFECTIONS PRODUCING
PANCYTOPENIA
65
36 SYMPTOMS IN MDS 66
37 SIGNS IN MDS 67
38 SYMPTOMS IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE 69
39 SIGNS IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE 69
40 USG ABDOMEN FINDINGS IN CLD 70
41 VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE PRODUCING
PANCYTOPENIA
42 MEAN VIT.B12 LEVELS IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA
72
43 SYMPTOMS IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA
73
44 SIGNS IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA
74
45 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE
DISEASE PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA
75
46 BMA IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA
76
47 VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES
CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
77
48 SYMPTOMS IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL
MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
78
49 SIGNS IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL
MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
79
50 MEAN VIT.B12 LEVELS IN VARIOUS
HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
80
51 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN VARIOUS
HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
81
52 BMA IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL
MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
LIST OF TABLES
TABLENO. NAME OF THE TABLE
PAGE NO.
4.1 VARIOUS CAUSES OF PANCYTOPENIA 8
4.2 VARIOUS CAUSES OF PANCYTOPENIA IN HIV
PATIENTS
29
5.1 PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS/CAUSES/SUBCLASSES OF 100
CASES OF PANCYTOPENIA
31
5.2 AGE DISTRIBUTION 31
5.3 SYMPTOMS IN PANCYTOPENIA 34
5.4 SIGNS IN PANCYTOPENIA 35
5.5 HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS IN PANCYTOPENIA PATIENTS 36
5.6 TOTAL COUNT LEVELS IN PANCYTOPENIA 36
5.7 PLATELET COUNTS IN PANCYTOPENIA CASES 37
5.8 ESR & RETICULOCYTE COUNT IN PANCYTOPENIA
CASES
38
5.9 MCV LEVELS IN PANCYTOPENIA CASES 38
5.10 SERUM LDH LEVELS IN PANCYTOPENIA CASES 39
5.11 HIV STATUS IN PANCYTOPENIA 40
5.12 MEAN VITAMIN B12 LEVELS IN PANCYTOPNIA 41
5.13 ECG FINDINGS IN PANCYTOPENIA 42
5.14 CHEST X-RAY FINDINGS IN PANCYTOPENIA 43
5.15 VARIOUS USG ABDOMEN FINDINGS IN
PANCYTOPENIA
44
5.16. PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN PANCYTOPENIA 45
5.17 BMA IN PANCYTOPENIA 46
5.18 BONE MARROW TREPHINE BIOPSY IN
PANCYTOPENIA
46
[image:15.595.104.549.90.723.2]5.20 PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS/CAUSES OF PANCYTOPENIA CASES
48
5.21 DIET PATTERN IN VARIOUS DISEASE CAUSING
PANCYTOPENIA
48
5.22 ALCOHOLIC PATTERN IN VARIOUS DISEASE
CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
49
5.23 PROBABLE ETIOLOGY OF MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 49
5.24 MEAN AGE IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 50
5.25 CBC IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 50
5.26 MEAN MCV,ESR,RETICULOCYTE COUNT IN VARIOUS
ETIOLOGY OF MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
51
5.27 MEAN LDH & RFT IN VARIOUS ETIOLOGY OF
MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
51
5.28 MEAN LFT IN VARIOUS ETIOLOGY OF
MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
51
5.29 VARIOUS SYMPTOMS IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 52
5.30 VARIOUS SIGNS IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 53
5.31 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 54
5.32 BMA FINDINGS IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 55
5.33 MEAN HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN APLASTIC
ANEMIA
56
5.34 SYMPTOMS IN APLASTIC ANEMIA 57
5.35 SIGNS IN APLASTIC ANEMIA 57
5.36 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN APLASTIC ANEMIA 58
5.37 BMA IN APLASTIC ANEMIA 58
5.38 VARIOUS INFECTIONS CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA 59
5.39 CBC IN VARIOUS INFECTIONS CAUSING
PANCYTOPENIA
59
5.40 MEAN MCV,ESR,RETICULOCYTE COUNT IN VARIOUS
INFECTIONS CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
5.41 MEAN LDH & RFT IN VARIOUS INFECTIONS CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
60
5.42 LFT IN VARIOUS INFECTIONS CAUSING
PANCYTOPENIA
60
5.43 SYMPTOMS IN INFECTIONS CAUSING
PANCYTOPENIA
61
5.44 SIGNS IN INFECTIONS CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA 62
5.45 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN INFECTIONS PRODUCING
PANCYTOPENIA
63
5.46 BMA IN VARIOUS INFECTIONS PRODUCING
PANCYTOPENIA
64
5.47 VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN MDS 65
5.48 SYMPTOMS IN MDS 66
5.49 SIGNS IN MDS 66
5.50 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN MDS 67
5.51 BMA IN MDS 67
5.52 VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN CLD 68
5.53 SYMPTOMS IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE 68
5.54 SIGNS IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE 69
5.55 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN CLD 70
5.56 BMA IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE 70
5.57 VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE PRODUCING
PANCYTOPENIA
71
5.58 CBC IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA
71
5.59 MCV,ESR & RETICULOCYTTE COUNT INVARIOUS
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA
72
5.60 LDH & RFT INVARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA
72
5.61 MEAN LFT IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA
5.62 SYMPTOMS IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA
73
5.63 SIGNS IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA
74
5.64 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE
DISEASE PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA
75
5.65 BMA IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA
75
5.66 VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES
CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
76
5.67 SYMPTOMS IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL
MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
77
5.68 SIGNS IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL
MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
78
5.69 CBC IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES
CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
78
5.70 MCV,ESR & RETICULOCYTE COUNT IN VARIOUS
HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
78
5.71 LDH & RFT IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL
MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
80
5.72 MEAN LFT IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL
MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
80
5.73 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL
MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
81
5.74 BMA IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES
CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA
ϭ
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