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A Study of 100 Cases of Pancytopenia : A Clinicohematological Correlation

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A Dissertation on

A STUDY OF 100 CASES OF PANCYTOPENIA : A CLINICO-HEMATOLOGICAL CORRELATION

Dissertation Submitted to

THE TAMILNADU Dr.M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY CHENNAI - 600 032

With partial fulfillment of the regulations for the award of the degree of M.D. GENERAL MEDICINE

BRANCH-I

COIMBATORE MEDICAL COLLEGE, COIMBATORE

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CERTIFICATE-I

Certified that this is the bonafide dissertation done by Dr. M.MOHAMED FAIZAL BASHEER and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of M.D., General Medicine, Branch I of The Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai.

Prof.DR.K.SWAMINATHAN MD Guide & Professor

Guide, CHIEF-UNIT-VI Department of General Medicine

Prof.DR.KUMAR NATARAJAN MD HOD, Department of General Medicine

Date: Prof. DR.B.ASOKAN MS,M.Ch Dean

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DECLARATION

I Solemnly declare that the dissertation titled “A STUDY OF 100

CASES OF PANCYTOPENIA: A CLINICO-HEMATOLOGICAL CORRELATION” was done by me from JULY 2017 to JUNE 2018 under the

guidance and supervision of PROF. Dr K.SWAMINATHAN M.D.

This dissertation is submitted to The Tamilnadu Dr.M.G.R. Medical

University towards the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of

MD degree in General Medicine (Branch 1)

Place: Coimbatore

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my sincere thanks to our respected Dean

Prof. Dr. B.ASOKAN M.S.,MCh, (Plastic Surgery) for having allowed me

to conduct this study in our hospital.

I express my heartfelt thanks and deep gratitude to the Head of the

Department of Medicine Prof. Dr.KUMAR NATARAJAN, MD for his

generous help and guidance in the course of the study

I sincerely thank PROF.DR.K.SWAMINATHAN.M.D, Unit-VI Chief,

Department of Medicine, for the valuable help and cooperation and allowing

me to use institutional facilities.

I am extremely grateful to Prof.Dr.MURALI M.D.,HOD,

DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY, for his valuable help and cooperation

and allowing me to use institutional facilities.

I am extremely grateful to Prof. DR.LALITHA, MD.,HOD

Department of Pathology, for their valuable help and cooperation and allowing

me to use institutional facilities.

I am extremely grateful to Prof. DR.MANIMEGALAI, MD.,HOD,

Department of BIOCHEMISTRY, for their valuable help and cooperation and

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I sincerely thank all the Asst. Professors DR.A.AKILA.DCH., M.D.,

Dr. M.BABU MD, of M6 unit, Department of general medicine for their

guidance and help.

I thank all my PATIENTS, who formed the backbone of this study

without whom this study would not have been possible.

Lastly, I am ever grateful to the ALMIGHTY GOD for always

showering His blessings on me and my family

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CERTIFICATE – II

This is to certify that this dissertation work titled “A STUDY OF 100

CASES OF PANCYTOPENIA : A CLINICO-HEMATOLOGICAL CORRELATION” of the candidate DR.M.MOHAMED FAIZAL BASHEER

with registration Number- 201611309 for the award of M.D in the branch of

General Medicine I personally verified the urkund.com website for the purpose

of plagiarism Check. I found that the uploaded thesis file contains from

introduction to conclusion pages and result shows 4% (FOUR) percentage of

plagiarism in the dissertation.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SL.NO TITLES PAGE.NO

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 2

3 MATERIALS & METHODS 3

4 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6

5 RESULTS 31

6 OBSERVATIONS & CORRELATIONS 83

7 DISCUSSION 93

8 SUMMARY OF THE STUDY 97

9 CONCLUSION 99

10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 101

11 ANNEXURES

I.PROFORMA 106

II.CONSENT FORM 110

III.KEY TO MASTER CHART 112

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED

 HB –Hemoglobin in grams

 PLT-platelet count in cubic mm

 TLC –Total leucocyte count in cubic.mm

 AA–Aplastic anemia

 HIV – Human immunodeficiency virus

 EBV – Ebstein barr virus

 WHO - World Health Organisation

 ESR – Erythrocyte sedimentation rate- mm in 1 hour

 MCV – Mean corpuscular volume

 RFT – Renal function test

 LFT – Liver function test

 ECG-Electrocardiogram

 BMA- Bone marrow aspiration

 SLE- Systemic lupus erythrematosus

 TB – Tuberculosis

 CD – Cluster of differentiation

 MDS – Myelodysplastic syndrome

 HCL – Hairy cell leukemia

 LDH – Lactate dehydrogenase

 CLD – CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE

 ALL – Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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[image:11.595.104.532.109.399.2]

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE

NO. FIGURE

PAGE NO.

1 TREPHINE BIOPSY-NORMAL MARROW AND

APLASTIC MARROW

14

2 MDS -RINGED SIDEROBLAST 20

3 MDS – PSEUDOPELGER HEUT CELL 20

4 MDS – PAWN BALL MEGAKARYOCYTE 20

5 HAIRY CELL IN PERIPHERAL SMEAR 22

6 BONE MARROW - FRIED EGG APPEARANCE

IN HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA

(12)

LIST OF CHARTS

CHART

NO. NAME OF THE CHART

PAGE NO.

1 AGE DISTRIBUTION 32

2 SEX DISTRIBUTION 32

3 DIET PATTERN IN 100 PANCYTOPENIA CASES 32

4 ALCOHOLISM HISTORY IN 100 PANCYTOPENIA

CASES

33

5 ASSOCIATED COMORBIDITIES IN PANCYTOPENIA

PATIENT

33

6 SYMPTOMS IN PANCYTOPENIA 34

7 SIGNS IN PANCYTOPENIA 35

8 HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS IN PANCYTOPENIA

PATIENTS

36

9 TOTAL COUNT LEVELS IN PANCYTOPENIA 37

10 PLATELET COUNTS IN PANCYTOPENIA CASES 37

11 ESR & RETICULOCYTE COUNT IN PANCYTOPENIA

CASES

38

12 MCV LEVELS IN PANCYTOPENIA CASES 39

13 SERUM LDH LEVELS IN PANCYTOPENIA CASES 40

14 HIV STATUS IN PANCYTOPENIA 41

15 MEAN VITAMIN B12 LEVELS IN PANCYTOPNIA 42

16 ECG FINDINGS IN PANCYTOPENIA 42

17 CHEST X-RAY FINDINGS IN PANCYTOPENIA 43

18 VARIOUS USG ABDOMEN FINDINGS IN

PANCYTOPENIA

44

18A. PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN PANCYTOPENIA 45

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20 PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS/CAUSES OF PANCYTOPENIA CASES

47

21 PROBABLE ETIOLOGY OF MEGALOBLASTIC

ANEMIA

49

22 MEAN AGE IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 50

23 MEAN VIT.B12 LEVEL IN MEGALOBLASTIC

ANEMIA

52

24 VARIOUS SYMPTOMS IN MEGALOBLASTIC

ANEMIA

53

25 VARIOUS SIGNS IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 54

26 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 55

27 BMA FINDINGS IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 56

28 SYMPTOMS IN APLASTIC ANEMIA 57

29 SIGNS IN APLASTIC ANEMIA 58

30 VARIOUS INFECTIONS CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA 59

31 MEAN VIT.B12 LEVELS IN VARIOUS INFECTIONS

CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

61

32 SYMPTOMS IN INFECTIONS CAUSING

PANCYTOPENIA

62

33 SIGNS IN INFECTIONS CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA 63

34 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN INFECTIONS PRODUCING

PANCYTOPENIA

64

35 BMA IN VARIOUS INFECTIONS PRODUCING

PANCYTOPENIA

65

36 SYMPTOMS IN MDS 66

37 SIGNS IN MDS 67

38 SYMPTOMS IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE 69

39 SIGNS IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE 69

40 USG ABDOMEN FINDINGS IN CLD 70

41 VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE PRODUCING

PANCYTOPENIA

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42 MEAN VIT.B12 LEVELS IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA

72

43 SYMPTOMS IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA

73

44 SIGNS IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA

74

45 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE

DISEASE PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA

75

46 BMA IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA

76

47 VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES

CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

77

48 SYMPTOMS IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL

MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

78

49 SIGNS IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL

MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

79

50 MEAN VIT.B12 LEVELS IN VARIOUS

HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

80

51 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN VARIOUS

HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

81

52 BMA IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL

MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE

NO. NAME OF THE TABLE

PAGE NO.

4.1 VARIOUS CAUSES OF PANCYTOPENIA 8

4.2 VARIOUS CAUSES OF PANCYTOPENIA IN HIV

PATIENTS

29

5.1 PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS/CAUSES/SUBCLASSES OF 100

CASES OF PANCYTOPENIA

31

5.2 AGE DISTRIBUTION 31

5.3 SYMPTOMS IN PANCYTOPENIA 34

5.4 SIGNS IN PANCYTOPENIA 35

5.5 HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS IN PANCYTOPENIA PATIENTS 36

5.6 TOTAL COUNT LEVELS IN PANCYTOPENIA 36

5.7 PLATELET COUNTS IN PANCYTOPENIA CASES 37

5.8 ESR & RETICULOCYTE COUNT IN PANCYTOPENIA

CASES

38

5.9 MCV LEVELS IN PANCYTOPENIA CASES 38

5.10 SERUM LDH LEVELS IN PANCYTOPENIA CASES 39

5.11 HIV STATUS IN PANCYTOPENIA 40

5.12 MEAN VITAMIN B12 LEVELS IN PANCYTOPNIA 41

5.13 ECG FINDINGS IN PANCYTOPENIA 42

5.14 CHEST X-RAY FINDINGS IN PANCYTOPENIA 43

5.15 VARIOUS USG ABDOMEN FINDINGS IN

PANCYTOPENIA

44

5.16. PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN PANCYTOPENIA 45

5.17 BMA IN PANCYTOPENIA 46

5.18 BONE MARROW TREPHINE BIOPSY IN

PANCYTOPENIA

46

[image:15.595.104.549.90.723.2]
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5.20 PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS/CAUSES OF PANCYTOPENIA CASES

48

5.21 DIET PATTERN IN VARIOUS DISEASE CAUSING

PANCYTOPENIA

48

5.22 ALCOHOLIC PATTERN IN VARIOUS DISEASE

CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

49

5.23 PROBABLE ETIOLOGY OF MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 49

5.24 MEAN AGE IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 50

5.25 CBC IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 50

5.26 MEAN MCV,ESR,RETICULOCYTE COUNT IN VARIOUS

ETIOLOGY OF MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA

51

5.27 MEAN LDH & RFT IN VARIOUS ETIOLOGY OF

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA

51

5.28 MEAN LFT IN VARIOUS ETIOLOGY OF

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA

51

5.29 VARIOUS SYMPTOMS IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 52

5.30 VARIOUS SIGNS IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 53

5.31 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 54

5.32 BMA FINDINGS IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 55

5.33 MEAN HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN APLASTIC

ANEMIA

56

5.34 SYMPTOMS IN APLASTIC ANEMIA 57

5.35 SIGNS IN APLASTIC ANEMIA 57

5.36 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN APLASTIC ANEMIA 58

5.37 BMA IN APLASTIC ANEMIA 58

5.38 VARIOUS INFECTIONS CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA 59

5.39 CBC IN VARIOUS INFECTIONS CAUSING

PANCYTOPENIA

59

5.40 MEAN MCV,ESR,RETICULOCYTE COUNT IN VARIOUS

INFECTIONS CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

(17)

5.41 MEAN LDH & RFT IN VARIOUS INFECTIONS CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

60

5.42 LFT IN VARIOUS INFECTIONS CAUSING

PANCYTOPENIA

60

5.43 SYMPTOMS IN INFECTIONS CAUSING

PANCYTOPENIA

61

5.44 SIGNS IN INFECTIONS CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA 62

5.45 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN INFECTIONS PRODUCING

PANCYTOPENIA

63

5.46 BMA IN VARIOUS INFECTIONS PRODUCING

PANCYTOPENIA

64

5.47 VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN MDS 65

5.48 SYMPTOMS IN MDS 66

5.49 SIGNS IN MDS 66

5.50 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN MDS 67

5.51 BMA IN MDS 67

5.52 VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN CLD 68

5.53 SYMPTOMS IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE 68

5.54 SIGNS IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE 69

5.55 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN CLD 70

5.56 BMA IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE 70

5.57 VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE PRODUCING

PANCYTOPENIA

71

5.58 CBC IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA

71

5.59 MCV,ESR & RETICULOCYTTE COUNT INVARIOUS

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA

72

5.60 LDH & RFT INVARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA

72

5.61 MEAN LFT IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA

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5.62 SYMPTOMS IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA

73

5.63 SIGNS IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA

74

5.64 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE

DISEASE PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA

75

5.65 BMA IN VARIOUS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

PRODUCING PANCYTOPENIA

75

5.66 VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES

CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

76

5.67 SYMPTOMS IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL

MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

77

5.68 SIGNS IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL

MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

78

5.69 CBC IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES

CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

78

5.70 MCV,ESR & RETICULOCYTE COUNT IN VARIOUS

HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

78

5.71 LDH & RFT IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL

MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

80

5.72 MEAN LFT IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL

MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

80

5.73 PERIPHERAL SMEAR IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL

MALIGNANCIES CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

81

5.74 BMA IN VARIOUS HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES

CAUSING PANCYTOPENIA

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