The morphology and morphometrics of lymph nodes of sheep and lambs: a study of normal sheep and those with arthritis : a thesis presented in partial (20%) fulfilment of the degree of Master of Philosophy in Veterinary Pathology and Public Health at Massey

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(2) THE MORPHOLOG Y AND MORPHOMETRICS OF LYMPH NODES OF SHEEP AND LAr1BS:. A STUDY OF NORMAL SHEEP AND THOSE WITH ARTHRITIS. A THESIS PRESENTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF P HILOSOPHY IN VETERINARY PATHOLOGY AND PUBLIC H EALTH AT MASSEY UNIVERSITY, NEW ZEALAND. SHUTANG,YAO 1986. ( 20%).

(3) 1 SUMMARY. N i n e teen g roups of l ymph nod e s f rom s i x Romney ewe s a n d s i x fema l e l ambs aged seven ye a r s and s i x mon t h s re s pe c t i ve l y a s we l l a s 50 po p l i te a l l ymph node s from furt h e r 2 5 l ambs we re exami ned . The s i ze , we i ght a n d s h ape of e a c h node wa s me a s u red a n d re c o rded .. We i g h t. wa s fou n d to be t he mo s t obj ecti ve i n d i rect met hod o f d e s c r i b i ng t he s i z e o f a l ymph n o d e . There wa s a wi de ra nge of n o rma l we i g hts ,. bot h betwe e n l e ft a n d ri g h t. l ymph node s from t h e same a n i ma l a n d between t h e s ame node from d i ffe ren t a n i ma l s .. I n re trospect , more a n i ma l s s h oul d have been exami n e d to d e t e rmi ne t he. extent of t h e s e ra nge s . The re l a t i ve total we i g ht of l ym p h nodes i n re l a t i o n t o c a rca se we i g ht wa s greater i n l ambs t ha n i n ewe s , and t he j e j u n a l l ymph node s s h owed t he g re a t e s t d i ffere n c e .. The d ry ma tter content o f l ymph nodes from l ambs wa s g re a t e r t h a n. t h a t from ewe s . Twe n ty - s i x s t i fl e a n d hoc k j o i n t s , wh i c h had been c l a s s i fi ed a s a rt h ri t i c by mea t i n s pe c tors , together wi t h t he a s soci ated i p s i l a t e ra l and con tra l atera l popl i te a l a n d med i a l i l i ac l ymph n o d e s were exami ned . On l y 6 2% of condemned jo i nt s h a d s i gn s of ma c ro s cop i c p a t hol og i c a l c h a n ge . On l y s i x p o p l i teal nod e s and one med i a l i l i a c node we re e n l a rged .. T h e re wa s no. c o rre l a t i o n between en l a rgeme n t of t he se nodes and s i gn s o f d i s e a s e i n t he s e s t i fl e o r h o c k j o i n t s . E v i d e n c e i s p re se n ted to s how t ha t pathol ogi c a l en l a rgement of l ym p h nodes may often be i nd i s t i n g u i s habl e , o n v i s u a l exami n a t i on , f rom n o rma l l ymph nodes a t t he u p p e r l i mi t s o f t he n o rmal ra nge .. The se fi nd i ng s have re l e v a n c e to a. c ri t i c a l e v a l ua t i on of t rad i t i on a l meat i n spec t i on proce d u re s ..

(4) 2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. I wi s h to t ha n k t he Faculty of V e t e ri n a ry S c i ence at Ma s se y Un i vers i ty for pro v i d i n g me wi t h t he o p portun i ty to s t udy fo r t he degree of Ma s t e r of P h i losophy . I. wi s h to e x p re s s my mo st s i n c e re gra t i tude to my c h i ef s u pervi s o r ,. P ro fe s s o r D . K . Bla c kmo re who s o g e n e r o u sly gave o f hi s valuable t i me a n d a s s i sted a n d s u pported m e t h rou ghout t he con s t ru c t i on o f t h i s t he s i s . I a m mo s t gra teful to Or A . S . Da v i e s , my s u p e rvi s o r , for h i s much a p p rec i a ted a d v i ce and a s s i stance rega rd i n g a n a tomi c al ma t t e r s , and h i s mo st valuable s u p e rv i s i on d u r i n g the wo rk o f t h i s t he s i s . I would also l i ke t o expre s s my s i ncere g ra t i tude to Mr . P . Mad i e who made hi mself a v a i lable at all t i me s to p ro v i de a s s i s ta n ce wi th h i s broad kn owledge a n d expe r i e n c e . My t h a n k s a re als o e xtended to :. Or M . R . Alley for p rovi d i n g me wi t h. e x peri men tal a n i mals a n d h i s e n t hu s i a sm towa rd s my study; O r G . V . Petersen for h i s con s t ru c t i ve s ugge s t i o n s; s t a t i s t i cal f i g u re s;. D r . D . J . Hamp son fo r help i n g me t o wo rk out some. Mrs A. Scott , t he sec re t a ry of the D e p a rtme n t fo r her. k i ndne s s of t e ac h i n g me to operate t he compute r; t he staff at Longburn Freez i n g Wo rks for a s s i s t i n g me wi t h the colle c t i ng of sample s , a n d all of my fri ends who g a ve me a s s i s t a n c e i n one way or a n o t he r d u r i n g t he pre p a ra t i on of t h i s t he s i s . I. F i n ally , I h e a rtly t h a n k my wi fe , X i u Q i n , for her e n c o u ra g eme n t a n d me ntal A. s upport , a n d my p a ren t s , pare nt s - i n -law , a n d all my rela t i ve s fo r t he i r loo k i n g a fter m y two lovely d a ug hters a n d e n c o u rageme n t s d u ri ng m y e n deavours i n New Zeala n d ..

(5) 3. CONTENTS. Page SUMMARY. 1. A C KNOWLEDGEME NTS. 2. GENERAL I NTRODUCT I ON. 7. MATE R I A L S AND METHODS. 13. SECTI ON-ONE. SECTI ON-TWO. t10RPHOLOGY AND MORPHOME TRieS OF LYMPH NODE S FROM NORMA L LAMBS AND EWE S. 17. RESULTS. 17. D I S C U S S I ON. 83. THE E F FE CTS OF A RTHR I T I S ON THE S I ZE OF POP L I TEAL AND ME D I A L I L IAC LYMPH NODES. 89. RESULTS. 89. D I SCUSS I ON. 92. GENERA L D I S C U S S I ON. 94. RE FE RENC E S. 96. A PPEND I X. 100.

(6) 4 LIST OF TABLES. Tabl e. Page. 1. A g e a n d l i ve a n d c a r c a s e we i g h t s of l ambs exami ned. 17. 2. Age a n d l i ve a n d c a rc a s e we i g h t s of ewe s exami ned. 18. 3. We i g h t of l ymph nodes of l ambs. 70. 4. We i g h t of 50 p o p l i te a l node s of 2 5 Romney l ambs. 71. 5. We i g h t of l ymph nodes of ewe s. 72. 6. A v e ra g e mea s u reme n t of l ymph n ode s of l ambs. 75. 7. Ave ra g e mea s ureme n t of l ymph nodes of ewe s. 76. 8. Tota l we i g ht o f l ymph n ode s of l ambs a n d percen tage of body and c a rc a se we i g ht. 9. 78. To t a l we i g h t o f l ymph n odes o f ewe s and pe rcen tage of body a n d ca rc a s e we i g ht. 79. 10. Wet a n d d ry we i g h t s of l ymph n odes of l ambs. 80. 11. Wet a n d dry we i g h t s of l ymph n odes of ewe s. 81. 12. The ma x i ma l d i fferences o f we i g hts ( g ) of l ymph n o d e s from s i x l ambs and s i x ewe s : A compa ri son of i n t ra a n d i n te r a n i ma l d i ffe re n ce s .. 82.

(7) 5. LIST OF FIGURES. Fi g u re. Page. 1. S h a pe of ma n di b u l a r nodes of l ambs a n d ewe s. 20. 2. S h a pe of pa roti d node s of l ambs a n d ewe s. 22. 3. S h a pe of l a tera l retropha ryn g e a l n o d e s of l ambs a n d ewe s. 24. 4. S h a p e of me di a l retropha ryn g e a l nodes of l ambs and ewe s. 26. 5. S h a pe o f s u p e rficia l c e rvi c a l nodes of l ambs a n d ewe s. 28. 6. S hape of prope r a xil l a ry n od e s of l amb s a n d ewe s. 30. 7. S ha pe of pop l it e a l nod e s of l ambs a n d ewe s. 32. 8. S ha pe of i s c hi a tic nod e s of l ambs a n d ewe s. 34. 9. S h a pe of s u bi l ia c node s of l ambs a n d ewe s. 36. 10. S h a p e of me di a l i l iac n o d e s o f l ambs a n d ewe s. 39. 11. S h a pe o f ren a l n odes of l ambs a n d ewe s. 41. 12. S h a pe o f s u p e rfi ci a l i n g ui n a l nodes of l ambs a n d ewe s. 43. 13. S h a pe of l e ft t ra c h eobronchia l n o d e s of l ambs a n d ewe s. 45. 14. S h a p e o f c ra ni a l tracheobro n c hi a l n o d e s of l ambs a n d e we s. 47. 15. S h a pe o f c a u d a l media s tin a l n od e s of l ambs. 49. 16. S h a pe o f c a u d a l media sti n a l n o d e s of ewe s. 50. 17. S h a pe o f hepati c nodes of l am b s a n d ewe s. 52. 18. S h a pe of co l ic n od e s of l ambs a n d ewe s. 54. 19. S h a pe o f i l eoco l ic nod e s of l ambs a n d ewe s. 56. 20. S h a pe o f j e j u n a l nodes of l amb 1. 58. 21. S h a pe o f j e j u n a l n ode s of l amb 2. 59. 22. S h a pe of j e j u n a l nodes of l amb 3. 60. 23. S h a pe of j ej u n a l n odes of l amb 4. 61.

(8) 6 24. S h a pe of jej u n a l nodes of 1 amb 5. 62. 25. S h a pe of jej u n a l nodes of l amb 6. 63. 26. S h a pe of jej u n a l nodes of ewe 1. 64. 27. S h a pe of jej u n a l nodes of ewe 2. 65. 28. S h a pe of jej un a l nodes of ewe 3. 66. 29. S h a pe of jej u n a l nodes of ewe 4. 67. 30. S h a pe of jej un a l nodes of ewe 5. 68. 31. S h a pe of jej u n a l nodes of ewe 6. 69. 32. Di s t rib ution of weight of popl itea 1 l ymph nodes. 73. 33. Hyp o t heti c a l di s t ribution of weight of norma 1 a n d a bn o rma 1 po p l i tea l l ymph nodes. 74.

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