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Neandertal Introgression Sheds Light on Modern Human Endocranial Globularity

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Figure

Figure 1. Endocranial Shape Differencesbetween Neandertals and Modern Humans(A) CT scan of the Neandertal fossil from LaChapelle-aux-Saints with a typical elongated en-docranial imprint (red).(B) CT scan of a modern human showing thecharacteristic globular endocranial shape (blue).Arrows highlight the enlarged posterior cranialfossa (housing the cerebellum) as well as bulging ofparietal bones in modern humans compared toNeandertals.(C) Average endocranial shape of adult Neander-tals; each vertex of the surface corresponds to asemilandmark.(D) Average endocranial shape of modern humans.Areas shaded in green are relatively larger inmodern humans than in Neandertals.(E and F) The semilandmarks used to quantifyoverall endocranial shape from MRI scans of livingpeople shown on the MNI 152 template in lateraland frontal views, respectively.
Figure 2. Globularity Scores of CT and MRI
Figure 3. Endocranial Globularity in ModernHumans Is Associated with IntrogressedNeandertal Haplotypes

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