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73ok¡ lafo/kku la'kks/ku o efgyk vf/kdkj
iwtk flag
'kks/k Nk= jktuhfr foKku foHkkx cukjl fgUnw fo'ofo|ky;
iapk;rhjkt O;oLFkk yksdrkaf=d fodsUnzhdj.k dk lk/ku gSA blds
ek/;e ls yksdra= dks /kjkry ;k tehuh Lrj ij ys tkus dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk gSA dsUnz ,oa jkT; dh lRrk dk c¡Vokjk djds LFkkuh; egRo ds
eqn~nksa dks LFkkuh; Lrj ij iapk;rhjkt laLFkkvksa dks 'kfDr lkSik tkrk gS
ftlls yksxksa dh lgHkkfxrk 'kklu lRrk esa c<+ ldsA
iapk;rhjkt laLFkkvksa dh LFkkiuk dk mn~ns'; vf/kd ls vf/kd yksxksa
dks lkekftd] vkfFkZd ,oa jktuhfrd :i ls vkSj l'kDRk djuk gS rFkk ,slh O;oLFkk LFkkfir djuk ftlls Hkfo"; esa vf/kd 'kfDr vkSj mÙkjnkf;Ro
dk gLrkUrj.k fd;k tk lds vkSj LFkkuh; turk vius ekeyksa dk izcU/ku
Lo;a djsa rFkk lÙkk esa thoUr lgHkkxh cusA blls 'kklu {ks= esa
dk;Zdq'kyrk vk;sxhA xzkeh.k turk dks muds jktuhfrd vf/kdkjksa dh
tkudkjh feyrh gS blls mudh jktuhfrd] lkekftd psruk c<+rh gSA1
Hkkjr esa iap ,oa iapk;rsa rks izkjEHk ls gh jgh gS ysfdu Lora=rk ds i'pkr vk/kqfud ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks ns[krs gq, bls LFkk;h l'kDRk ,oa etcwr
Lo:i iznku djus ds fy, 73osa lafo/kku la'kks/ku ds ek/;e ls iapk;rhjkt
laLFkkvksa dks laoS/kkfud ntkZ iznku fd;k x;k vkSj 24 vizSy 1993 dks 73oka
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lafo/kku esa 11oha vuqlwph tksM+dj mlesa 29 fo"k;ksa dk mYys[k fd;k
x;k rFkk vuq0 243 ¼A-Q½ rd tksM+k x;k gSA bl la'kks/ku dh dqN
fo'ks"krk,¡ bl izdkj gS&
iapk;rhjkt laLFkkvksa dks laoS/kkfud ntkZ&;g la'kks/ku ykrs le; dgk x;k fd ;g iapk;rh laLFkkvksa dks laoS/kkfud cukus ds fy, yk;k x;kA blds
iwoZ ;g uhfr funs'kd fl)kUrksa esa vuq0&40 esa Fkk fdUrq vc bls laoS/kkfud
ekU;rk izkIr gSA ;g fodsUnzhdj.k dh fn'kk esa l'kDRk dne gSA
xzke lHkk dh egRrk&iapk;rhjkt O;oLFkk dks thoUr] ÅtkZoku rFkk
xfr'khy cukus rFkk /kjkry ij yksdra= dks ykus ds fy, xzke lHkk dks laoS/kkfud ntZk feykA xzke iapk;r dks xzke lHkk ds izfr mRrjnk;h cuk;k
x;k gSA rkfd yksx izR;{k yksdra= dk tehuh Lrj ij vuqHko ysaA ysfdu
vkt 20 o"kksZ ckn Hkh xzke lHkkvksa dh fu;fer cSBdsas ugha gksrhA dkxth
dk;Zokgh ds fy, fcuk fu;eksa dk ikyu fd;s xzkelHkk dh cSBdks dks
pqi&pki cqyk fy;k tkrk gSA
f=Lrjh; iapk;rhjkt O;oLFkk% vuq0 243¼ch½ ;g mica/k djrk gS izR;sd jkT; esa xzke Lrj] e/;orhZ Lrj] ,oa ftyk Lrj ij iapk;rksa dk xBu fd;k
tk;sxk ysfdu 20 yk[k ls de tual[;k okys jkT;ksa dks e/;orhZ bdkbZ ds
xBu ls NwV gSA ysfdu O;ogkj esa ns[kk tk jgk gS fd f=Lrjh; iapk;rh
O;oLFkk ls {ks=kf/kdkj dks ysdj vlkeatL; iSnk gks jgk gSA
iapk;rhjkt laLFkkvksa dk izR;{k fuokZpu& vuq0 243¼lh½ 2 esa jkT; ljdkj ds fo/kkueaMy dks vf/kdkj gS fuokZpu laca/kh fof/k dk fuekZ.k djus dkA
iapk;rksa esa rhuksa Lrjksa ds lnL;ksa dk fuokZpu izR;{k fuokZpu i)fr ls gksrk
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iapk;rhjkt O;oLFkk esa vkj{k.k dh O;oLFkk& vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr
tutkfr] fiNM+h tkfr ,oa efgykvksa ds fy, vkj{k.k dh O;oLFkk gSA ;g pØ.k i)fr ij vk/kkfjr gSA blesa efgykvksa ds 1@3 LFkkuksa dk vkj{k.k
gSA fiNM+h tkfr;ksa ds fy, 15 izfr'kr tks vc 4 vDVwcj 1999ls 21
izfr'kr gS] lcls egRoiw.kZ lHkifr ,oa v/;{k ds inksa ij Hkh vkj{k.k gSA
iapk;rhjkt laLFkkvksa esa lnL;ksa dh v;ksX;rkvksa ds laca/k esa izko/kku vuq0
243¼,Q½ esa gSA
iapk;rhjkt laLFkkvksa dh 'kfDr;k¡] izkf/kdkj vkSj mÙkjnkf;Ro dk izko/kku&vuq0243th& bl fo"k; esa jkT; fo/kkueaMy dks fof/k cukus dk
nkf;Ro gSA 11oha vuqlwph ds lfEefyr fo"k;ksa lfgr lkekftd U;k; o
vkfFkZd fodkl ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa iapk;rksa dks fof/k cukus dk vf/kdkj gSA
blds lkFk&lkFk iapk;rhjkt laLFkkvksa esa dj yxkus o dks"k ,df=r djus
dh 'kfDr vuq0 243¼,p½ esa] jkT; foRr vk;ksx ds xBu dk izko/kku vuq0 243¼vkbZ½esa] iapk;rhjkt laLFkkvksa ds ys[k o vkfMV dk izko/kkuA jkT;
fuokZpu vk;ksx dh LFkkiukA afuokZpu ds ekeys esa U;k;ky; dk gLr{ksi u
gksukA vuq0&243¼ts0½ esa dgk x;k gS fd& fuokZpu {ks= dk ifjlheu]
fuokZpu {ks=ksa ds fy, LFkkuksa dk vkoaVu vkfn dks U;k;ky; esa pqukSrh ugha
nh tk ldrh gSA bl izdkj ns'k esa iapk;rhjkt laLFkkvksa ds {ks= esa ifjorZu vk;k gS vkSj mldh dfe;ksa dks nwj djus esa enn feyh gSA tSls ;s dfe;k¡
fuEu gSa& bu laLFkkvksa dks laoS/kkfud ekU;rk ugha Fkh] blds vfu;fer
pquko] yEcs le; rd fuyafcr jguk] n;uh; vkfFkZd n'kk] i;kZIr 'kfDr;ksa
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efgykvksa dks mfpr izfrfuf/kRo ugha] bu laLFkkvksa ds izfrfuf/k&pquus ds
fy, izHkkoh O;oLFkk ughA
bu reke leL;kvksa dks nwj djus esas 73osa lafo/kku la'kks/ku us lVhd
iz;kl fd;k gSA ijUrq ogh dqN u;s izdkj dh leL;k;sa Hkh vc vk jgh gSaA tSls& vkj{k.k dk nq:i;ksx& 73osa la'kks/ku esas vuq0tkfr@vuqlwfpr
tutkfr@ fi0tkfr@efgykvksa dks 1@3 vkj{k.k feyk gSA ysfdu vkt Hkh
ncax vius vuqlkj ,sls mEehnokjksa dks ftrokrs ;k ftrokus dk iz;kl djrs
gS tks muds vuqlj dk;Z djsa fo'ks"kdj efgykvksa ds lanHkZ esa ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd ncax O;fDr vius fNih] 'kfDr ds vk/kkj ij vius iRuh dks efgyk
vkjf{kr lhV ij yM+okdj ftrk ysrs gSa vkSj Lo;a lEiw.kZ dk;ksZa dks ns[krs
gSaA blhfy, iz/kkuifr] ljiapifr tSls 'kCn vkt gekjh iapk;rh laLFkkvksa esa
ns[kus dks feyrs gSA
ljdkj dk vR;f/kd fu;a=.k& iapk;rh laLFkkvksa ij ljdkj dk
fu;a=.k cgqr gS oks tc pkgs rc buds dk;ksZa esa gLr{ksi dj ldrs gSA ljdkj buds ctV ij fu;a=.k j[krh gS ljdkj vius jktuhfr ykHkksa ds
fy, vius 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djrh gSA tSls& izLrkoksa ij Lohd`fr nsuk]
lnL;ksa dks fuyafcr@inP;qr nsuk] laLFkk dks gh Hkax dj nsukA
73osa lafo/kku la'kks/ku dh jktuhfrd o iz'kklfud leL;k&
iapk;rksa dks ekxZn'kZu ,oa i;Zos{k.k fujarj miyC/k ugha gksrk] fu;eksa
RkFkk dk;Z iz.kkyh dh tfVyrk vkSj vf/kdkfj;ksa dh mnklhurk] iapk;rksa ds izR;sd Lrj ij ljdkj dk fu;a=.k gksuk] iapk;r jkT; lwph dk fo"k; gS
vr% jkT; ljdkjs O;ogkj esa dkuwu cukdj mudh 'kfDr dks lhfer djrs
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lkekftd leL;k&
vf/kdka'k xkao esa iz/kku@Cykd izeq[k ds p;u esa vfHktu oxksZa dh
Hkwfedk gS ftlls ipak;r dk ykHk lcdks ugha feyrk gSA xzkeh.k Lrj dh
lHkh tkfr;k¡ laxfBr gksdj 'kfDr izkIr djus dk iz;kl dj jgs gSa ftlls xkao foHkkftr gks jgk gS vlqj{kk ,oa ruko c<+ jgk gSA fØ;kghurk]
lkEiznkf;drk lekthdj.k] tkfrokfnrk dk tfVy gksuk vkfn igyw
iapk;rh O;oLFkk ds fodkl esa ck/kk gSA 73oka laoS/kkfud la'kks/ku vR;Ur
egRoiw.kZ la'kks/ku gSA bl la'kks/ku dk mn~ns'; xzkeh.k Lrj ij iapk;rhjkt O;oLFkk dks l'kDr cukuk gS ftlls xzkeh.k turk dk vkfFkZd] lkekftd]
'kS{kf.kd rFkk jktuhfrd fodkl laHko gks lds vkSj mlesa ubZ tkx`fr vk,A
73osa lafo/kku la'kks/ku }kjk xzkeh.k laLFkkvksa dks laoS/kkfud ntkZ feykA
blds }kjk laLFkkvksa dk dk;Zdky] lÙkk] 'kfDr;ka] mRrjnkf;Ro Hkh lqfuf'pr
dj fn;s x;sA bl la'kks/ku }kjk turk dh Hkkxhnkjh dks vkSj lqn`<+ cuk;k x;kA iapk;rhjkt esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djuk fu'p; gh ,d
ØkfUrdkjh egRo gSA vr% ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd 73ok¡ la'kks/ku Hkkjrh;
yksdrkaf=d O;oLFkk dks vkSj Hkh yksdrkaf=d O;oLFkk dks vkSj Hkh
yksdrkaf=d cukus dk ,d lkFkZd igy gSA3
vkt fLFkfr ;g gS fd Hkkjrh; iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa ds fy, yxHkx
22 yk[k izfrfuf/k pqus tkrs gSA o"kZ 1999&2000 ,oa 2009&2010 dks xzke lHkk o"kZ euk;k x;kA Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa vkt iapk;rksa ls lEcfU/kr
fuEufyf[kr miyC/k gSa&
vuq0&243 esa ifjHkk"kk&vuq0 243 ¼A½& xzkelHkk ¼B½ xzke iapk;rksa
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vof/k ¼F½ lnL;ksa ds fy, v;ksX;rk,a ¼G½ iapk;rksa dh 'kfDr;k] izkf/kdkj
vkSj mRrjnkf;Ro] vuq0 243 ¼H½% iapk;rksa }kjk dj vkjksfir djus dh
'kfDr;ka vkSj mudh fuf/k;ka] vuq0 243 ¼I½& foRrh; fLFkfr ds iqufoZyksdu
ds fy, foRr vk;ksx dk xBu] vuq0 243¼J½%& iapk;rksa ds ys[kkvksa dh
laijh{kk] vuq0243 ¼K½& iapk;rksa ds fy, fuokZpu] vuq0 243¼L½& la?k jkT;
{ks=ksa dks ykxw djuk] vuq0 243 ¼M½& bl ¼Hkkx&9½ dk dfri; {ks=ksa esa
ykxw u gksuk] vuq0 243¼N½& fo|eku fof/k;ksa ,oa iapk;rksa dk cuk jguk]
vuq0 243¼O½& fuokZpu laca/kh ekeyksa easa U;k;ky; ds gLr{ksi dk o.kZuA
mi;qZDr ds lkFk&lkFk ipk;rhjkt laLFkkvksa dks 29 fo"k; feys gSa
ftuessa os vius Lrj ij dkuwu cuk ldrs gSa&
1- d`f"k] ftlds vUrxZr d`f"k foLrkj Hkh gSA 2-Hkwfe lq/kkj o e`nk laj{k.k
3- y?kq flpkbZ] ty izca/ku vkSj ty vkPNknu fodkl 4-i'kqikyu] nqX/k
mRiknu] dqDdqV ikyu 5- eRL; m|ksx 6-lkekftd ouksa m|ksx vkSj QkeZ
ouks m|ksx 7- y?kq ou mRiknu 8-y?kq m|ksx] ftlds vUrxZr [kk| izlaLdj.k m|ksx Hkh gS 9- [kknh] xzke ,oa dqVhj m|ksx] 10-xzkeh.k vkokl
11- is;ty 12- bZ/ku o pkjk 13- iqLrdky; 14- lkaLd`frd fØ;kdyki
15- cktkj vkSj esys 16- ifjokj dY;k.k 17- efgyk vkSj cky fodkl
18-yksd forj.k iz.kkyh 19- izkS< vksj vukSpkfjd f'k{kk 20- xSj ikjEifjd
ÅtkZ lzksr 21- xjhch vi'keu dk;ZØe 22- lkeqnkf;d vfLr;ksa dk vuqj{k.k
23- detksj oxZ ¼vuq0tkfr@vuq0tutkfr½ dk dY;k.k 24-lekt dY;k.k ¼fodykax vkSj ekufld :i ls vfodflr lfgr½ 25-LokLF; vkSj LoPNrk
¼vLirky] izkFkfed LokLF; dsUnz vkSj vkS"k/kky;½A 26-rduhdh izf'k{k.k ,oa
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28 xzkeh.k fo|qrhdj.k ¼blds vUnj fo|qr forj.k½ 29-lM+ds] iqy] ukS?kkV]
ty ekxZ vkSj lapkj ds vU; lk/kuA
iapk;rhjkt laLFkkvksa dh LFkkiuk yksdra= dks /kjkry ij ys tkdj
turk dh lgHkkfxrk lqfuf'pr djuh gS ftlls yksdra= dh tMa+s vkSj l'kDr gks rFkk viuh y{; dks izkIr djus ds vksj vxzlj gksA blls lÙkk
ds 'kfDr;ksa dk fodsUnzhdj.k gksrk gS tks yksdra= ds lQy gksus dh 'krZ esa
ns[kk tkrk gSA5
bl yksdrkaf=d fodsUnzhdj.k ls LFkkuh; yksxksa dks lRrk eas Hkkxhnkjh
ysus ds volj feyrs gSa tSls fd ge lc tkurs gSa fd ,d ckj lRrk esa 'kkfey gksus dk vFkZ gS fd og vius fy,] vius lekt ds fy, dqN djus
dh fLFkfr esa vk tkrk gS mls ,d ubZ igpku feyrh gSA
bu laLFkkvksa ds ek/;e ls LFkkuh; yksx vius vko';drkvksa ds
vuq:i LFkkuh; Lrj ij gh vius dY;k.k dh ;kstuk cukus dk igy dj
ldrs gSa vkSj Lok;RrkiwoZd mUgsa dk;kZfUor dj ldrs gSA bl izdkj vxj
ns[kk tk;s rks dgk tk ldrk gS fd O;fDr;ksa dks viuk leqfpr fodkl djus ds fy, volj iznku fd;k gSA vusdksa dsUnzh; ,oa jkT; Lrjh;
dY;k.kdkjh Hkkstukvksa dk fØ;kUo;u iapk;rh laLFkkvksa ds ek/;e ls gks jgk
gSA Hkkjr esa bu laLFkkvksa us izR;{k yksdra= dh LFkkiuk dh gS D;ksafd lHkh
o;Ld xzke lHkk ds lnL; gksrs gSa vkSj vius leL;kvksa dks os lh/ks mBk
ldrs gSA bl izdkj vke lHkk fo/ku lHkk ;k yksdlHkk tSlh gqbZA izR;sd xzkeh.k ukxfjd vius Hkfo"; dk fu/kkZj.k djrk gS rFkk Lo'kkflr jgrk gSA6
Hkkjr esa f=Lrjh; iapk;rhjkt O;oLFkk dks viuk;k x;k gS vkSj lHkh
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tu igq¡p ldrk gS vkSj lcls egRoiw.kZ rF; ;s gS fd laLFkkvkas esas mu
rcds dks fo'ks"k mica/k fd;s x;s gS tks lkekftd] vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd :i ls vHkh rd fiNM+s FksA izR;sd Lrj ij mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr gks blds
fy, vuq0tutkfr@ vuq0tkfr@ fiNM+h tkfr ,oa efgykvksa dks vkj{k.k
iznku fd;k x;k gSA
Hkkjr esa LFkkuh; yksdra= rHkh lQy gks ik;sxk tc lekt ds lHkh
oxksZa dk lqefpr ,oa lEiks"k.kh; fodkl gks] vkSj fo'ks"kdj efgykvksa ds
lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh ds fcuk bldh ifjdYiuk djuk gh csbZekuh gksxhA lEiw.kZ lekt esa efgyk,¡ vk/ks dk fgLlsnkj gS fQj mudk fcuk fodkl gq, lekt
dk fodkl dSls gks ldrk gSA bu phtksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, gh 'kklu us
lcls lrgh Lrj iapk;rksa esa budh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh gks blds fy, dkQh
dqN fu;e@vf/kfu;e cuk;sA iapk;rksa esa vuq0243¼Mh½ ds rgr 1@3
izfr'kr Hkkx efgykvksa ds fy, vkjf{kr dh xbZ gS vkSj fo'ks"k ckr ;s gS fd ;s dsoy lnL; ds Lrj ij gh ugha cfYd xzke iz/kku] Cykd izeq[k ,oa
ftyk iapk;r v/;{k in Hkh vkjf{kr gSA dqN jkT;ksa tSls fcgkj] jktLFkku
vkfn esa rks 50 izfr'kr rd lhVs efgykvksa ds fy, vkjf{kr dj nh x;h
gSA7
blls yxHkx 12 yk[k efgyk,a fuokZfpr izfrfuf/k ds :i esa vk;s gSa
vkSj vius vf/kdkjksa dks tkuus yxh gSA efgyk,vksa dks bruh vf/kd Hkkxhnkjh ls LFkkuh; Lrj ij mudh lkqenkf;d thou] psruk rFkk mldh
laLd`fr esa cnyko vk jgk gSA ,d tks lcls t;knk mYys[kuh; gS fd
fuokZfpr efgykvksa es lfn;ksa ls misf{kr nfyr] vkfnoklh ,oa fiNM+h
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gS ysfdu bldk ,d vU; igyw Hkh gS blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd iapk;rh
jkt laLFkkvksas esas fuokZfpr gks dj vkus ls efgyk l'kfDrhdj.k dks c<+kok feyk gSA ysfdu bldh ek=k {ks= ,oa ifjfLFkfr ds vfuqlkj fHkUu gSA ftu
iapk;rhjkt laLFkkvksa esa efgyk izfrfuf/k;ksa us Lo;a dk;Z laHkkyk gS mudk rks
l'kDrhdj.k gqvk ysfdu tks efgyk izfrfuf/k viuk ?kwa?kV ugha gVk ikrh]
ifr ,oa ifjokj ds vuqlkj gh dk;Z djrh gS mudk l'kDrhdj.k ugha
gqvkA ,sls izfrfuf/k;ksa dk dk;ZHkkj muds ifr ;k ifjokj dk ncax lnL; laHkkyrk gSA ;s vkj{k.k dk nq:i;ksx djrs gSA ;s ncax yksx vius uke ,oa
'kfDr ds vk/kkj ij vius izfrfuf/k;ksa dks pquko yM+krs gS] ftrk Hkh ysrs gS
vkSj mu izfrfuf/k;ksa dks vius vuqlkj dke djus dks etcwj djrs gSA blh
ls vkt lekt esa iz/kkuifr ;k ljiap ifr tSls 'kCn mHkjdj vk;s gSaA
jktuhfrd izfØ;kvksa vkSj jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh c<+us ls 'kklu dh xq.koÙkk esa lq/kkj vk;k gS ;s vius ls lacaf/kr eqn~nks dks izdk'k esa yk jgh gS tSls&[kk| lqj{kk] ÅtkZ lqj{kk] izkd`frd lalk/kuksa dk izac/ku] vkfFkZd rFkk thfodk ls lacaf/kr eqn~nksa dks egRo feyus yxk gSA bl vksj yksxkas us /;ku nsuk Hkh 'kq: dj fn;k gSA budk izR;{k laca/k efgykvksa ls gS ;g l'kDrhdj.k dk etcwr ek/;e Hkh gSA blh dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, dsUnz ljdkj us ^eujsxk* tSls dk;ZØeksa esa efgykvksa ds fy, fo'ks"k izko/kku fd;k gSA8 efgykvksa ls lacaf/kr dk;ZØe eq[;r% iapk;rksa
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igyh rks ,d efgyk gh nwljs efgyk dks T;knk vkxs ugha c<+us nsrh D;ksafd og bl fodkl dks vius fo:) eku ysrh gS vkSj nwljh fd dsUnz ;k jkT; }kjk izk;ksftr tks dk;ZØe@;kstuk vkrh gS efgykvksa ds fy, og muds fuj{kj ,oa vf'kf{kr gksus ds dkj.k bldk lqefpr ykHk ugha mBk ikrh vkSj bldk ykHk vU; yksx mBkrs gSaA
iapk;rhjkt laLFkkvksa ds vkus ,oa mlesa efgyk izfrfuf/k;ksa ds pqus tkus ls efgykvksa esa fo'okl txk gS os Hkh vc vkelHkk dh cSBdksa esa 'kkfey gksus yxh gS vkSj vius vf/kdkjksa ds izfr tkx:d gks jgh gSA bls efgyk l'kDrhdj.k ,oa jktuhfrd lgHkkfxrk ds u;s ;qx dk 'kq:vkr gqvk gSA blus u dsoy efgykvksa ds fu.kZ; fuekZ.k {kerk dks c<+kok fn;k gS cfYd fodsUnzhd`r fu;kstu esa lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA efgyk,¡ vius vf/kdkjksa ds izfr lpsr gqbZ gSa muesa vU;k; vkSj 'kks"k.k ds fo:) vkokt mBkus dh fgEer c<+h gSA
ysfdu bu lc esas lcls cM+h leL;k lkekftd lajpuk] mudh fuj{kjrk] mudh foRrh; vkRefuHkZjrk u gksuk] lkaLd`frd izfrca/k ,oa ikfjokfjd ftEesnkfj;ksa ¼cPpksa dk ikyu&iks"k.k] x`g dk;Z] mRiknu dk;Z½ gSA bu {ks=ksa esas vkSj vf/kd /;ku nsus dh vko';drk gSA9
ns'k ds lkekftd vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, xzkeh.k efgyk l'kDrhdj.k vfr vko';d gS vkSj blh dkj.k ns'k ds fodkl ds fy, efgykvksa dks eq[; /kkjk esa ykuk gh ljdkj dh fpark gSA10 xzkeh.k efgykvksa dk fodkl xzkeh.k
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fØ;kUo;u lfØ; lgHkkfxrk ds fcuk lekurk lkekftd U;k; ,oa yksdrkaf=d vkn'kksZa dh izkfIr ugha gksxhA
tgk¡ 73osa la'kks/ku us efgykvksa dks jktuhfrd :i ls l'kDr fd;k ogh dsUnz ljdkj dh egRokdka{kh ifj;kstuk ^^eujsxk** tks iapk;rksa ds ek/;e ls gh fØ;kfUor fd;k tk jgk gS] ls efgyk,a vkfFkZd o lkekftd :i ls l'kDR gqbZ gS D;ksafd blls muds ikl jkstxkj dh xkjaVh feyh gSA blls xzkeh.k egfykvksa dks fofHkUu :i ls c<+kok feyk gS vkSj vc iq#"k ekufldrk esa sHkh cnyko vkus yxk gS ;g ,d 'kqHk y{k.k fn[krk gSA lUnHkZ lwph
1- dVkfj;k] lqjsUnz% Hkkjrh; yksd iz'kklu% us'kuy ifCyf'kax gkml] ubZ fnYyh] 2012] i`0la0395A
2- lbZn] ,l0,e0% Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd O;oLFkk% Hkkjr cqd lsUVj] y[kuÅ] 2011] i`0la0 475&479A
3- ukjax ,0,l0% Hkkjrh; 'kklu ,oa jktuhfr% xhrkatfy ifCyf'kax gkml] ubZ fnYyh] 2011&12] i`0la0 202&204ª
4- y{ehdkUr] ,e% Hkkjr dh jktO;oLFkk% eSDxzkfgy ,tqds'ku izk0fy0 ubZ fnYyh] 2012] i`0la0 34-7 ls 34-10ª
5- 'kekZ cztfd'kksj% Hkkjr dk lafo/kku% ih0,p0vkbZ0 yfuZax izk0fy0 ubZ fnYyh] 2010 i`0la0 287&90ª
6- voLFkh ,oa voLFkh% Hkkjrh; iz'kklu% y{eh ukjk;.k vxzoky vkxjk( 2011] i`0la0 503&507ª
7- ogh] i`0 la0&507&511ª
8- dq#{ks= % tuojh 2014 i`0la0 17&21ª