• No results found

भारतीय संविधान में निजता का अधिकार

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2020

Share "भारतीय संविधान में निजता का अधिकार"

Copied!
6
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)

Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa futrk dk vf/kdkj

“kf”kdkUr jko

,e-,-jkthufr foKku

bykgkckn fo”ofo|ky; bykgkckn

*futrk* ekSfyd vf/kdkj gS ;k ughaA futrk dk vFkZ O;fDRk ds ,dkdhiu ls ugha] cfYd fu1th laosnukvksa dh laj{kk ls gSA *vk/kkj* dks vfuok;Z cukus dh izfØ;k eas *futrk ds vf/kdkj* ij cgl vkjEHk gqbZ gSA

lokZsPp U;k;ky; us tqykbZ] 2017 vk/kkj la[;k ds lEcU/k esa futrk ds vf/kdkj ds eqn~ns ij fopkj djus gsrq iz/kku U;k;k/kh”k txnh”k flag [ksgj dh v/;{krk esas ukS lnL;h; lafo/kku ihB xfBr dhA lafo/kku ihB ds vU; lnL;ksa esa U;k;ewfrZ ts- psyes”oj] ,l, ckscM+s] /kuat; okbZ] pUnzpwM+ vkSj U;k;esfrZ ,l- vCnqy uthj “kkfey gSaA lafo/kku ihB ;g fu.kZ; djsxh fd futrk ds vf/kdkj dks lafo/kku ds rgr ekSfyd vf/kdkj dks lafo/kku ds rgr ekSfyd vf/kdkj ?kksf’kr fd;k tk ldrk gS vFkok ughaA mYys[kuh; gS fd vk/kkj ;kstuk dh laoS/kkfud oS/krk dks ysdj U;k;ky; esa ;kfpdk nk;j dh xbZ gS] rFkk ;kfpdkvksa esa ;g vkjksi yxk;k x;k gS fd vk/kkj ;kstuk *futrk ds ekSfyd vf/kdkj* dk vfrØe.k djrh gSA

lokZsPp U;k;ky; dh ukS&lnL;h; lafo/kku ihB us futrk ds vf/kdkj ls lEcfU/kr ekeys dh lquokbZ 19 tqykbZ] 2017 ls izkjEHk dh] ftlesa ;kfpdkdrkZvksa dh vksj ls vf/koDrk xksiky lqcze.;e] “;ke nhoku vkSj lksyh lksjkcth us fgLlk fy;kA ;g lquokbZ ikap fnuksa rd pyh ftlesa nksuksa i{kksa us viuh&viuh nyhysa j[khaA

D;k gS futrk dk vf/kdkj\

(2)

mnkgj.k ds :Ik esa bls bl izdkj Li’V fd;k tk ldrk gS& blesa ;g rdZ fn;k tk jgk gS fd fdlh O;fDRk fo”ks’k ls fy;k x;k vka[k dh vkbfjl ,oa mlds vaxqyh ds fu”kku fdlh O;fDRk fo”ks’k dh lEifRr gSa] ftl ij mldk iw.kZ vf/kdkj gS] vkSj mldh tkudkjh ysus ds fy, mls dksbZ ck/; ugha dj ldrk pkgs og ljdkj gh D;ksa u gks] D;ksafd O;fDRk fo”ks’k ls yh xbZ tkudkjh ¼MkVk½ dk lqj{kk lEcU/kh egRoiw.kZ izko/kku ugha gS] tks ;g fo”okl fnyk lds fd O;fDr dk MkVk lqjf{kr gSA

dSls vk;k ppkZ esa\

 vk/kkj dkMZ ;kstuk dks ysdj lokZsPp U;k;ky; esa futrk ds vf/kdkj ds guu ls lEcfU/kr dbZ ;kfpdk,a nk;j dh xbZ gSA bl eqÌs ij o’kZ 2009 esa vk/kkj ifj;kstuk ds izkjEHk gksus ds dqN gh le; Ik”pkr o’kZ 2013 esa dksVZ esa futrk ds vf/kdkj ij cgl izkjEHk gks xbZ FkhA

 ;kfpdkdrkZvksa dk dguk gS fd vk/kkj ;kstuk futrk ds vf/kdkj dk mYya?ku ¼guu½ dj jgh gSA

 bu ;kfpdkdrkZvksa esa jk’Vªh; cky vf/kdkj laj{k.k vk;ksx dh iwoZ v/;{k “kkUrk flag] mPp U;k;ky; ds lsokfuo`Rr U;k;k/kh”k iqV~VkLokeh] lsokfuo`Rr estj tujy ,lth oksEckrdjs] eSXlsls iqjLdkj ls lEekfur cstokM+k foYlu vkfn vusd izfrf’Br O;fDRk “kkfey gSaA

 ;kfpdkdrkZvksa }kjk vk/kkj ;kstuk ds vUrxZr fy, tkus okys ck;ksehfVªd ¼vka[k dh vkbfjl] vaxqfy;ksa ds fu”kku½

 ljdkj dk dguk gS fd futrk dk vf/kdkj ekSfyd vf/kdkj ugha gSA bUgha nyhyksa ds dkj.k lokZsaPp U;k;ky; dh ukS lnL;h; U;k;k/kh”kksa dh lafo/kku ihB loZizFke bl ckr ij lquokbZ dj jgh gS fd futrk dk vf/kdkj ekSfyd vf/kdkj gS vFkok ughaA

U;k;ky; ds le{k j[kh xbZ nyhysa

 lquokbZ ds nkSjku xksiky lqcze.;e us ;g nyhy is”k dh fd ;fn lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn&14] 19] vkSj 21 dks ,d lkFk ns[kk tk, rks ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa dk nk;jk O;kIr gks tkrk gS] vkSj ,sls esa ;g dguk fd futrk dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha gS] vFkZiw.kZ ugha yxrkA

 “;ke nhoku us nyhy nh] fd esjh vka[k vkSj fQaxjfiz.V esjh *futh lEifRr gS] eq>s budh tkudkjh fdlh dks nsus ds fy, ck/; ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

(3)

mYys[k ugha gS] fdUrq bls vfHkO;fDRk dh vkt+knh dk fgLlk ekuk tkrk gSA

 ;g nyhy Hkh nh xbZ fd ,eih “kekZ vkSj [kM+d flag ekeys ls tqM+s Fks] ftuesa iqfyl dks gkfly ryk”kh vkSj fuxjkuh ds vf/kdkj ij cgl gqbZ Fkh] rFkk ml vk/kkj ij gh futrk ds vf/kdkj dks ekSfyd vf/kdkj ugha ekuk x;kA

 xksfoUn cuke e/; izns”k] jktxksiky cuke rfeyukMq tSls ekeyksa esa lokZsaPp U;k;ky; dh gh NksVh csapks us futrk dks ekSfyd vf/kdkj ekuk gSA

 o’kZ 1978 esa esudk xka/kh cuke ;wfu;u vkWQ bf.M;k ckn esa lokZsPp U;k;ky; dh casp us lEeku ls thus dks lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn&21 ;kuh thou ds ekSfyd vf/kdkj dk fgLlk ekuk gSA bl vk/kkj ij Hkh futrk dk vf/kdkj vuqPNsn&21 ds vUrxZr ekuk tkuk pkfg,A lEcfU/kr lfefr

futrk ds vf/kdkj ds lEcU/k esa dsUnz esa MkVk laj{k.k fcy dk elkSnk rS;kj djus ds lUnHkZ esa bysDVªkfuDl vkSj lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh eU=ky; }kjk lokZsPp U;k;ky; ds iwoZ U;k;k/kh”k ch,u Jhd`’.k dh v/;{krk esa ,d fo”ks’kK lewy dks fu;qDr fd;k x;k gSA

dk;Z@mÌs”;

 ;g lfefr Hkkjr esa MkVk laj{k.k ls lEcfU/kr fofHkUu igyqvksa dk v/;;u djsxh vkSj dsUnz ljdkj ds fy, fof”k’V lq>ko nsxhA

 ;g MkVk laj{k.k ds fy, fopkj fd;s tkus okys fl)kUrksa dks Hkh RkS;kj djsxh vkSj ,d elkSnk MkVk laj{k.k fo/ks;d dk lq>ko nsxhA

 lfefr dks viuh fjiksVZ nsus gsrq dksbZ le;&lhek ugha nh xbZ gS] fdUrq lfefr dks ;g funZs”k fn;k x;k gS fd og ;FkklEHko “kh/kzrk ls fjiksVZ izLrqr djus dk iz;kl djsA

futrk dk vf/kdkj cuke ekSfyd vf/kdkj

i{k esa rdZ

 vk/kkj vf/kfu;e esa izR;sd ukxfjd dks vk/kkj dkMZ cuokuk vfuok;Z ugha FkkA

 vk; dj ds vfrfjDr izR;sd ljdkjh ;kstukvksa ds fy, bls vfuok;Z cuk;k tk jgk gS] vFkkZr~ ljdkj ukxfjd dh gj xfrfof/k ij utj j[kuk pkgrh gSA

 ck;kseSfVªd vkadM+ksa dh lqj{kk dk iz”uA

(4)

vf/kdkj dk ,d vfuok;Z fgLlk gSA

foi{k ds rdZ

 ljdkj dk dguk gS fd futrk ,d izkd`frd vf/kdkj gS vkSj lkFk gh ,d lkekftd vo/kkj.kk Hkh gSA bldk lEeku fd;k tkuk pkfg,] fdUrq bls ekSfyd vf/kdkj dk ntkZ ugha fn;k tk ldrkA

 ljdkj dk ;g Hkh dguk gS fd ;fn futrk dks ekSfyd vf/kdkj eku fy;k tk, rks O;oLFkk dks pykuk dfBu gksxkA yksx yksu ysrs le; cSad dks izR;sd vko”;d tkudkjh nsrs gSa] fdUrq ljdkj dks tkudkjh nsus dks dfBukbZ Hkjk crk;k tk jgk gSA

 ljdkj dh vksj ls ;g Hkh dgk x;k fd 97 izfr”kr ls vf/kd yksx vk/kkj cuok pqds gSa rFkk mUgsa ljdkj dks tkudkjh nsus esa dksbZ dfBukbZ ugha FkhA vk/kkj ls ljdkjh ;kstukvkas esa gksus okys Hkz’Vkpkj ij vadq”k yxk gSA

 ljdkj dh vksj ls ,VuhZ tujy dsds os.kqxksiky us ;g nyhy nh fd lafo/kku lHkk esa cgl ds ckotwn futrk ds vf/kdkj dks lafo/kku esa “kkfey ugha fd;k x;k FkkA

 blds vkxs mUgksaus ;g Hkh dgk fd dksbZ ;g nyhy ugha ns ldrk fd pawfd futrk dk vf/kdkj ekSfyd vf/kdkj gS] blfy, og jkT; dks viuh ck;kseSfVªd igpku] Qksu] irk o vU; tkudkfj;ka ugha nsxkA

izeq[k ns”kksa esa futrk dk vf/kdkj

;w,l, nqfu;k ds lcls iqjkus yksdra= vesfjdk esa futrk ds vf/kdkj dks cgqr xEHkhjrk ls fy;k tkrk gSA gkykafd ;s vf/kdkj vesfjdk ds lafo/kku esa fy[kk gqvk ugha gS] ysfdu ogka ds lokZsPp U;k;ky; esa dbZ la”kks/kuksa ds ckn ;s r; fd;k x;k fd vesfjdk eas futrk ds vf/kdkj dk vfLrRo gSA vesfjdk esa Hkh Hkkjr ds vk/kkj dkMZ dh rjg lkekftd lqj{kk] uEcj gksrk gS] fdUrq futrk ds dkuwuksa dh otg ls ogka dh ljdkj *lkekftd lqj{kk uEcj* dks igpku&i= ds fy, vfuok;Z ugha dj ldrhA

(5)

LohMu ;g fo”o dk ,slk izFke ns”k gS ftlus vius ukxfjdksa dks ilZuy vkbMsf.VfQds”ku uEcj fn;k gS vkSj ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd LohMu esa cPps dks Hkh viuk blh vkbZMh uEcj d.VLFk jgrk gS] D;ksafd ogka ds ukxfjdksa dks blh vkbZMh uEcj ds dkj.k LohMu ljdkj dh vksj ls lHkh rjg dh lqfo/kk,a feyrh gSaA

teZuh esas *izkboslh ds fy, *D;w ,.M , xkbM*] izkboslh fu;eksa vkSj fl)kUrksa dk ,d mPpLrjh; voyksdu nsrk gS] ftlesa jk’Vªh; dkuwu] futh vkSj ikfjokfjd thou vkSj vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=rk ds leku vf/kdkj dks fofu;fer fd;k tkrk gSA

;wjksih; la?k ;wjksih; la?k ds dkuwu ds rgr izR;sd O;fDr dks vius ckjs esa futh MkVk ds laj{k.k dk vf/kdkj izkIr gS] rFkk bl rjg ds MkVk fof”k’V mÌs”;ksa ds fy, lEcfU/kr O;fDr dh lgefr ds vk/kkj ij ;k dkuwu }kjk fu/kkZfjr dqN vU; oS/k vk/kkj ij lalkf/kr fd;k tkrk gSA

fu’d’kZ

mijksDr lUnHkkZsa esa vc rd dksbZ vfUre fu.kZ; ugha vk;k gS fd futrk ds vf/kdkj dks ekSfyd vf/kdkj ekuk tk, ;k ughaA oLrqr% futrk ds vf/kdkj dks izR;sd ekeys eas vyx&vyx n`f’Vdks.k ls ns[kuk gksxk rFkk izR;sd ljdkjh dkjZokbZ dks futrk ds vk/kkj ij jksdk ugha tk ldrkA vr% bldh lhekvksa dks r; fd;s tkus dh vko”;drk gSA

lUnHkZ

Allen, A. & Rotenberg, M. (2016). Privacy Law and Society. West Academic.

Denniston, Lyle (April 25, 2014). "Argument preview: Police and cellphone privacy". SCOTUSblog. Retrieved July 1, 2014.

Westin, A. (1968). Privacy and Freedom (Fifth ed.). New York.: Atheneum.

Etzioni, A. (2000). A communitarian perspective on privacy. Connecticut Law Review, 32(3), 897–905.

(6)

Shade, L. R. (2008). Reconsidering the right to privacy in Canada. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 28(1), 80–91.

Sprenger, Polly. "Sun on Privacy: 'Get Over It'". Wired. January 26, 1999. Retrieved on Feb 6, 2017.

References

Related documents

phosphonium salts the two main photoproducts observed on the femto- to nanosecond scale, benzhydryl radical and cation, exhibit two strong, spectrally separated product bands around

Three sex-linked color factors in the pigeon, all probably allelic, and each dominant to wild type, are found accompanied in heterozygous males and the hemizygous

Unblocked and blocked (next section) ligation products were used as templates for the primary PCR reaction with the target-specific primer (TSP1, e.g., Mu- TIR, see Table S1 ) and

variant: Although overexpression of S NC1 can explain the development of bal phenotypes and locus-wide activation of RPP5 locus R genes in the bal variant, no nucleotide

Linear 4-node or modified 10-node tetrahedron elements (ABAQUS types C3D4, C3D10M) are used for meshing grains while grain bound- aries are either modeled using cohesive

My proposed experimental design was derivative of my experiments with RYAN on auxotrophic mutants of Neurospora, that these could be subjected to stringent selection for

(2) Pasquale Cianci, University of Foggia, Italy. Patil University School of Medicine, India. However, the associated risks are substantial and they are related to the technique,

Comparative analysis of biochemical parameters for differentiation of pleural exudates from trasudates Light ꞌ s criterios, cholesterol, bilirrubin, albumin gradient,