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Magnetic and fluorescent Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Ln<sup>3+</sup> nanoparticles for simultaneous upconversion luminescence/MR dual modal imaging and NIR-induced photodynamic therapy

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Figure 1 (A) Upconversion fluorescence images of the collected Gd2O3:Yb3+/ln3+ UcNs colloids under excitation at 980 nm, obtained using a digital camera without the use of a filter
Figure 3 Typical TeM (A), saeD pattern (B), hrTeM (C), and size distribution histogram (D) of the gd2O3:Yb3+/er3+ UcNs.Abbreviations: hrTeM, high resolution TeM; saeD, selected area electron diffraction; TeM, transmission electron microscope; UcNs, upconversion nanoparticles; XrD, X-ray diffractometer.
Figure 4 In vitro magnetic properties.Notes: (A) In vitro T1-weighted MrI of gd2O3:Yb3+/ln3+ UcNs
Figure 5 In vivo MrI of a NPc cNe-2 xenografted tumor after intravenous administration of the gd2O3:Yb3+/er3+ UcNs (gd3+, 15 μmol/kg) at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min, respectively.Abbreviations: MrI, magnetic resonance imaging; NPc, nasopharyngeal carcinoma; UcNs, upconversion nanoparticles; min, minutes.
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