• No results found

Unit 1 (d) Stress and Coping.pdf

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2020

Share "Unit 1 (d) Stress and Coping.pdf"

Copied!
38
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)

Unit I (d) Stress and Coping

Tanzeel Ul Rahman

Nursing Instructor

(2)

Copyright Disclaimer

Copyright © 2017 by Tanzeel Ul Rahman

All rights reserved. This Presentation or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the proper acknowledgment of the owner.

Tanzeel Ul Rahman Nursing Instructor

(3)

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this session the learner will be able

to:-• Define stress.

• Demonstrate understanding of different forms of stress.

• Describe nature of stressor. • Identify causes of stress.

• Discuss effects of stress on human body.

(4)
(5)

Introduction

Stress is any change in the environment that requires your body to react and adjust in response. The body reacts to these changes with physical, mental and emotional responses

(6)

Definition

The nonspecific response of body to any kind of demand made upon it.

(Selye 1956,1974)

Stress is the wear and tear that life causes on the body

(7)

Definition cont

….

A stimulus, a life event or a set of circumstances that arouses physiological and/or psychological reactions that may increase the individual’s vulnerability to illness.

(8)

Examples of Stress

(9)

Causes of Stress

Stress is conventionally divided into two types

Physiological stress: It includes temperature, noise, hunger, disease.

(10)

STRESSOR

• Events that produce physical and psychological demands on a person

• Situations, activities, and relationships that

(11)

Sources of Clinical Stress

For Patient  Uncertainty  Fear

 Pain  Cost

 Lack of knowledge  Risk for harm

(12)

Sources of Clinical Stress

For Nurses

(13)

Nature of Stressors

oThreat

(14)

EFFECTS OF STRESS

PHYSICAL MANIFESTATION OF STRESS

 Increased heart rate.

 Dilation of pupils

 Dry mouth

 Pilo-erection.

 Sweating and sweaty palms.

 Headache.

 Stiff neck and/or tight shoulders.

 Rapid breathing.

(15)

EFFECTS OF STRESS

EMOTIONAL MANIFESTATION OF STRESS:

Irritability

Intolerance

Short Temper

Exhaustion

Lack of concentration

Frustration over minor challenges

 Anger, Apprehension, anxiety, fear

(16)

EFFECTS OF STRESS

BEHAVIOURAL MANIFESTATION OF STRESS:

Social withdrawal.

Poor sleeping

Poor eating habits

Smoking

Drug abuse

(17)

BEHAVIOURAL MANIFESTATION

CONTI

….

Talking too fast

Over reacting

Defensive

Burnout

Grinding teeth

(18)

EFFECTS OF STRESS

EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE:

Decrease effectiveness

Poor judgments

Poor decisions

Short attention span

Poor concentration

Low self confidence

Increase absenteeism

(19)

LONG TERM EFFECTS

Long terms effects of stress are harmful, a persons

 Become depressed

 Feel helpless/hopeless

 Explosive/impulsive

 Personality changes

 Mental illness

(20)

LONG TERM EFFECTS CONT…

Physical Conditions Related to

Stress:-• Heart diseases

• Gastrointestinal problems

• Skin problems

• Diabetes

• Immune system diseases/Infections

• Chronic pain

(21)

FORMS OF STRESS

Eustress

• Good stress.

• Moderate levels of stress may actually improve performance and efficiency

Example

Getting nervous in anticipation of an

(22)

FORMS OF STRESS

Distress

Too much stress may cause an unproductive anxiety level

Examples

(23)

FORMS OF STRESS

• Too little stress may result in boredom

(24)

Generalized Adaptation Syndrome

(25)

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF

BODY TO STRESS

STAGE I- ALARM REACTION

Fight and flight response which alert the body against stressor.

ANS react and release large amount of adrenaline and cortisone.

(26)

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF

BODY TO STRESS

STAGE II- STAGE OF

ADAPTATION/RESISTANCE:

(27)

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF

BODY TO STRESS

STAGE III- STAGE OF EXHAUSTION:

(28)

Stress in Critical Care

(29)

Pathophysiology of stress

(30)
(31)

Anxiety

Anxiety is an emotional state of apprehension in response to a real or perceived threat that is associated with motor tension, increased sympathetic activity, and hyper vigilance It is important to assess patients and family members for anxiety. The top five physiological and behavioral indicators of anxiety are

Agitated behavior,

Increased blood pressure,

Increased heart rate,

(32)

Stress Management and Coping

Management of stress and anxiety entails

eliminating or minimizing the stressors. For the critically ill patient,

• Providing supportive care (eg, nutrition,

oxygenation, pain management, sedatives, and anxiolytics) is indicated.

• Mind–body strategies that may be employed to lessen stress and anxiety.

(33)

Stress Management and Coping

Fostering trust. When patients or family

(34)

Stress Management and Coping

Providing information. Anxiety can be greatly

relieved with simple explanations. Critically ill patients and their family members need to know what is happening at the moment, what will happen to the patient in the near future, how the patient is doing, and what they can expect. Many patients also need frequent explanations of what happened to them.

(35)

Stress Management and Coping

(36)
(37)

References

• Semple, D. & Smyth, R. 2013. Oxford handbook of psychiatry, Oxford University Press.

• Videbeck, S. 2013. Psychiatric-mental health nursing, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Reference: Morton, P. G., & Fontaine, D. K. (2013). Essentials of critical care nursing: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

(38)

References

Related documents

PCR results in the electrophoresis process including: CmBGI genes of cultivars TACAPA and TA which are grown either in normal condition or critical land medium

The main goal of this proposed research study was to measure the self-reported extent (i.e. amount of time spent & frequency) to which government employees

The Table.2 contains the MSE rate of the forecasting techniques and the actual values, the result suggest GARCH with GED distribution models predicts volatility more accuracy

The study examined the creation of the sustainable tourism as a core economy that continues to preserve nature, flora, and fauna as well as the widest

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is available widely in Africa, but HIV-associated mortality remains high, particularly during the first few months that patients come into care [1-4].

Sometimes withstand dishwasher bed convenience to complete your gifts sent to achieve a dinnerware sets are a new address Though it for bath and dinner modifying your current

in situ hybridization; FISH: fluorescence in situ hybridization; GCN: gene copy number; FNAC: fine-needle aspiration cytology; PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative

Sage 200 suite - software to meet your business needs Accounts Financials Commercials Project Accounting CRM Asset Manager Payroll Human Resources Payroll Sales Commercials