Volume 1971
Article 25
1-1-1971
Tables
Boston College Annual Survey of Massachusetts Law
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Recommended Citation
TABLE OF S T A T U T E S
References are to sections of Volume 18 ( 1971)
MASSACHUSETTS §81W 18.17.7
§~IX 18.17.7
Constitution c.54, §135 18.15.2
c.58,§20A 18.8.10
Pt. I., An. XII 18.16.5; 18.16.12; c.59,§3 18.3.13
18.18.6 c.62, §§1-8 18.3.2; 18.3. 7
Pt. 2., Art. I, c.3 18.16.7 c.63, §I 18.3.8
Art. VI, c. 5, §3 18.16.7 §II 18.3.8
Art. VIII, c. I, §2 18.16.7 §18 18.3.8
Amend. Art. XVIII, §2 18.16.1 §22A 18.3.8
Amend. Art. LXXXIX 18.15.12 §30 18.3.8
c. 63, §38A 18.3.8
GeneralLaws(Ter. Ed.) §42A 18.3.8
c. 64B,§l 18.3.9
c. 21, §§26-53 18.8.8; 18.9.9; c. 64H,§l 18.3.9
18.8.10 §6 18.3.9
c.23,§15A 18.4.4 c. 641 18.3.9
c.23B 18.12.3 c.65,§1 18.3.10; 18.3.11
c.25,§5 18.21.2 §7 18.3.10
c.30A,§IOA 18.8.1; 18.8.6 §11 18.3.10
§11 18.21.2 §13 18.3.10
§14 18.21.3 §22 18.3.10
c.32,§58 18.15.2; 18.15.3 §27 18.3.10
c.32A,§6 18.11.14 c. 65A,§2 18.3.10
§9 18.11.4 §27A 18.3.10
§9A 18.11.14 c. 76, §15 18.16.1
§10 18.11.14 c. 90, §§3A -3C 18.10.1
§lOA 18.11.14 §34M 18.11.19
§11 18.11.14 §§34M-34N 18.11.19
c.32B,§5 18.11.14 c. 91, §30 18.17.3
§SA 18.11.14 §30A 18.17.3
§llA 18.11.14 c. 93,§49 18.13.20
§llF 18.11.14 c. 93A, §2(a) 18.13.8
c.40,§22D 18.1.4 §2(b) 18.13.8
c.40A,§7 18.17.1 §2(c) 18.13.8
§7A 18.17.6
§11 18.17.6 For sections pertaining to the
§13 18.17.4 Uniform Commercial Code, see
§14 18.17.4 that titl~ infra.
§17 18.17.5
§21 18.17.4 c. Ill, §128H 18.2.7
c. 41,§81M 18.17.8 c. 112, §12G 18.2.7
§81U 18.17.7; 18.17.8 c. 117 18.2.7
References are to sections of Volume 18 (1971)
c.ll9,§23 18.16.6 c. 176B, §4 18.16.6
§39A 18.7.9 §7 18.16.6
§56 18.18.2 c.180,§17A 18.6.6
c. 121B 18.12.2; 18.12.4; 18.12.6; §17E 18.6.6
18.12.8; 18.12.10; 18.12.12 §17G 18.6.6
18.12.13 c. 186 18.12.15
§32 18.12.19 §12 18.12.19
c. 127, §129 18.16.13 c. l90A 18.5.6
c. 130, §27A 18.17.3 c.l91,§22 18.7.6
c. 140, §46L 18.16.6 c. 208, §8A 18.7.7
c. 143, §55 18.17.4 c. 209, §32 18.7.4
c. 149, §56 18.20.2; 18.20.3 §32D 18. 7.4
§69 l8.7.ll c. 210, §6 18.7.8
§§ I78G-I78N 18.6.1; 18.6.10 §12 18.20.5
§1781 18.6.8 c.211,§3 18.16.7
§178] 18.6.7 c.214,§10A 18.8.1-18.8.5
§178K 18.6.7 c. 215, §34 18.7.10
§178N 18.6.3; 18.6.4; 18.6.6 c. 218, §§32-34 18.18.9
18.6.8 §35 18.18.9
c. 150 18.6.8 c. 221, §34D 18.19.2
c. I50C 18.6.8 c. 223, §38 18.10.1
c. l5IB 18.20.2 c. 223A, §3 18.10.1
c. 152 18.4.1 §6 18.10.1
§I 18.4.4 c. 229, §2 18.13.6
§5 18.4.4 c.231,§85 18.13.5
§7 18.4.4 §ll3 18.10.2
§7A 18.4.4 §140B 18.11.3
§15 18.4.1; 18.4.2; 18.4.3 c. 231A 18.17.4
§18 18.4.1 c. 231B, §I"( a) 18.13.10
§23 18.4.2 c. 233, §§20A-20B 18.14.3; 18.14.4
§24 18.4.1; 18.4.2 §79 18.14.4
§29 18.4.4 §791 18.11.18
§30B 18.4.4 c. 246, §1 18.10.3
§34 18.4.4 §20 18.10.3
§34A 18.4.4 c. 255C, § 14A 18.11.18
§35 18.4.4 c.260,§32 18.10.1
c. l59A, §IIA 18.1.4 c. 263, §5 18.14.5
c. l59B 18.1.5 c. 265, §2 18.18.7
§6B 18.1.4; 18.1.5 §23 18.18.10
c. 175, §§22E-22H 18.11.19 c. 271, §49 18.11.16
§66E 18.11.15 c. 272, ~18 18.18.10
§IIIE 18.11.18 §53 18.7.11
§§ll3B-ll3C 18.21.1; 18.1l.l7 §63 l8.7.ll
§ll3H 18.1l.l8 c.273,§1 18.7.10
§186 18.11.6 c. 276, §58 18.19.2
c. l75A, §5 18.11.22 c. 277, §19 18.16.12
§6(a) 18.11.22 §51 18.18.4
§7(a) 18.11.22 c. 278, §3 18.18.5
TABLE OF STATUTES
585
References are to sections of Volume 18 ( 1971)
Acts -~.569 18.17.5
c.622 18.20.6
l956,c. 665 18.17.2 c. 630 18.7.9
l965,c.763 18.6.2 c.660 18.15.5
l966,c. 685 18.8.8; 18.8.9 c. 665 18.15.10
c. 708 18.12.19 c. 670 18.13.3; 18.13.18
l968,c. 369 18.1.4 c.693 18.15.5
l969,c.335 18.6.6 c. 698 18.2.7
c. 472 18.6.6 c. 702 18.4.4
c. 701 18.12.19 c. 716 18.15.9
c. 797 18.15.13 c. 726 18.2.7
c.808 18.21.4 c. 731 18.15.6
c.849 l8.15.ll c. 732 18.8.1-18.8.6; 18.13.9
c.863 18.15.12; 18.15.13 c. 766 18.15.11
l970,c.52 l8.15.ll c. 773 18.4.4
c. 174 18.16.6 c. 785,§85K 18.13.4
c.310 18.1.4 c.80l 18.13.6
c. 469 18.1.4 c. 811 18.4.4
c.670 18.13.2; 18.16.3 c. 813 18.15.7
c. 744 18.16.3 c. 843 18.15.8
c.842 18.12.19; 18.15.12; c.865,§85L 18.13.5
18.15.13; 18.15.14 c. 874 18.20.4
c.843 18.15.12; 18.15.13 c.879 18.4.4
c.880 18.13.18 c. 882 18.4.4
l97I,c.83 18.15.10 c. 888 18.4.3
c.l79 18.15.6 c.899 18.15.10
c. 180 18.15.6 c.910 18.20.4
c.l8l 18.15.6 c. 941, §I 18.4.1
c. 188 18.15.6 c.941,§2 18.4.1
c. 214 18.15.6 c. 953 18.4.4
c.22I 18.20.3 c.974 18.4.4
c.235 18.15.6 c.978,§340 18.13.2
c. 241 18.13.8 c. 1076,§19 l8.7.ll
c.248 18.2.7 c.l093 18.1.7
c.275 18.7.10
c.276 18.7.10
c.285 18.16.1
c.290 18.7.7 UNITED STATES
c.335 18.2.7
c.336 18.18.2 Constitution
c.373 18.2.7
c.388 18.7.8 Amend. I 18.16.1; 18.16.9
c.358 18.15.10 Amend. IV 18.18.8; 18.18.9
c. 418 18.20.4 Amend. V l8.16.ll
c.447 18.13.13 Amend. VI 18.16.5
c.450 18.13.7 Amend. IX 18.16.9
c.472,§9 18.21.4 Amend. X 18.16.ll
c.486 18.15.7 Amend. XIV 18.16.9; l8.16.ll;
References are to sections of Volume 18 ( 1971)
United States Code
Tit. 11, §60 §67
Tit. 12, §1715/(d)(3) §1715z-1
Tit. 15, §1011 §1012 §1013 Tit. 33, §1161 Tit.42,§1401 §1988 §2000e 18.5.6 18.5.6 18.12.19 18.12.19 18.11.22 18.11.22 18.11.22 18.8. 7; 18.8.9 18.12.5; 18.12.9 18.12.14 18.16.9 18.20.2
UNIFORM LAWS
Uniform Commercial Code
§1-103 §2-103(1) §2-1 04(1) §2-105( 1) §2-314 §2-315 §2-316A 18.5.9 18.13.18 18.13.18 18.13.3 18.13.18 18.13.18 18.13.18 §2-318 §2-601 §2-602 §2-603(3)(a) §2-606 §2-608 §3-414(2) §3-415(3) §3-415(5) §3-416 §3-418 §3-504 §3-505 §3-802 §4-208 §9-102(2) §9-104 §9-106 §9-109 §9-110 §9-203 §9-302 §9-306 §9-402 §9-402(5) §9-50
TABLE OF CASES
References are to sections of Volume 18 ( 1971)
A
Abbate v. United States-18.16.11 Ackerman v. Scafati-18.16.5
Aetna Cas. and Sur. Co. v. Commis-sioner of Ins.-18.11.1
Alegata v. Commonwealth-18.7.11 Allan Textile, Inc. v. Bates-18.10.2 Annawan Mills, Inc. v. Northeastern
Fibers Co.-18.5.9 Antell v. Stokes-18.16.9
Associated Press v. Walker-18.16.10 Axion Corp. v. G. D. C. Leasing Corp.
-18.15.2
B
Barnett v. Collection Service Co.-18.13.20
Bartkus v. Illinois-18.16.11
Bartlett, F. A., Tree Expert Co. v. Hartney-18.9.5
Benton v. Maryland-18.16.11 Bianchi v. Retirement Board of
Somerville-18.15.3
Blair v. Columbian Fireproofing Co. -18.9.6
Blakely v. Shortal's Estate-18.13.20 Board of Assessors of Dartmouth v.
B. A. Simeone, Inc.-18.3.13
Board of Education v. Barnette-18.16.9
Boston Gas Co. v. Department of Pub. Utils.-18.1.1; 18.1.3
Boykin v. Alabama-18.19.2; 18.19.3 Boyle, James H., and Sons, Inc. v.
Prudential Ins. Co.-18.11.7 Braunstein v. Massachusetts Bank
and Trust Co.-18.5.6 Brayv. Lee-18.20.6
Brockett v. Harrell Bros.-18.13.18 Brogna v. Pioneer Petroleum
Co.-18.9.6
Building Inspector of Acton v. Board
of Appeals of Acton-18.17.6
Burns v. Swenson-18.16.13 Burrus, lnre-18.18.2
c
Caldwell v. United States-18.16.8 Canterv. Schlager-18.5.7
Cape Cod Food Products v. National Cranberry Assn.-18.9.6
Carnleyv. Cochran-18.19.3
Carpenterv. Commonwealth-18.7.ll Carterv. Yardley and Co.-18.13.3;
18.13.18
Chamberlain v. Board of Registrars ofHarwich-18.15.2
Chandler v. Judicial Council of the Tenth Circuit-18.16.7
Chief of Police v. Town of Dracut-18.6.8
City Manager of Medford v. State Labor Relations Commn.-18.6.3
Clutchette v. Procunier-18.16.13
Coates v. City of Cincinnati-18.7.ll Coblyn v. Kennedy's lnc.-18.13.13 Cohen v. Lion Products Co.-18.13.20 Colby v. Carney Hosp.-18.13.4 Commissioner of Education v. School
Comm. of Leyden-18.16.1
Commonwealth v. Andrews-18.16.11 Commonwealth v.
Baldassini-18.16.12
Commonwealth v. Beneficial Fin. Co.-18.10.1
Commonwealth v. Brasher-18.7.1; 18. 7.ll; 18.16.4
Commonwealth v. Buckley-18.18.10 Commonwealth v. Doherty-18.16.12 Commonwealth v. Fuller-18.16.11 Commonwealth v. Gedzium-18.16.5;
18.16.12
Commonwealth v. Gillis-18.14.3
References are to sections of Volume 18 ( 1971)
Commonwealth v. Harris-18.16.4 Commonwealth v. Hudson-18.8.10 Commonwealth v. Jarrett-18.16.4
Commonwealth v. LibJ?y-18.14.2
Commonwealth v. Moore-18.18.10 Commonwealth v. Murphy-18.18.10
Commonwealth v. Oaks-18.16.4
Commonwealth v. O'Brien-18.14.5 Commonwealth v.
Robichaud-18.18.6
Commonwealth v. Stewart-18.16.5;
18.18.5; 18.18.7 •
Commonwealth v. Thomas-18.16.5; 18.18.2
Commonwealth v. Uprichard-18.16.ll
Commonwealth v. White-18.16.ll
Commonwealth v. Zakas-18.18.5
Connor v. Picard-18.16.5; 18.16.12 Coolidgev. New Hampshire-18.18.9 Coyne Indus. Laundry v.
Gould-18.9.5
Crampton v. Ohio-18.18.7
Cummings v. National Shawmut Bank-18.9.6
Curtis Publ. Co. v. Butts-18.16.10
D
Dalli v. Board of Educ.-18.16.1 Damaskos v. Board of Appeal of
Bos-ton-18.17.2
Decker v. Berkshire Gas Co.-18.10.2 DePetrillo v. Registrars of Voters of
Rehoboth-18.15.2
DeSalvo v. Twentieth Ceruury-Fox Film Corps.-18.13.14
DeSaulnier, In re-18.16. 7
Desjourdy v. Board of Registrars of Voters of Uxbridge-18.15.2 Dohertyv. Ernst-18.13.19
Doliner v. Planning Board of Millis -18.17.6
Domenica v. United States-18.19.3 Drescherv. Travelers Ins.
Co.-18.11.2
Drukerv. Sullivan-18.15.14
Duato v. Commissioner of Pub. Wel-fare-18.2.3; 18.2.4; 18.20.3 Duffy v. Keville-18.16.12 Dullea v. Ott-18.2.4
Duty v. General Fin. Co.-18.13.20
E
Ellis v. Board of Assessors of Acush-net--'18.3.13
Elmore v. American Motors Corp.-18.13.18
Escalera v. New York City Housing Authority-18.12.12; 18.12.19
F
F. A. Bartlett Tree Expert Co. v. Hart-ney-18.9.5
First National Stores, Inc. v. Board of Assessors of Somerville-18.3.15 Fitchburg Teachers Assn. v. School
Comm.-18.6.8
Fleming v. Travelers Indem. Co.-18.11.22
Forbro of New York, Inc. v. Hotel Somerset-18.13.19
Foshee v. Insurance Co. of North America-'-18.11.3
Fox v. Ohio-18.16.11
French Lumber Co. v. Commercial Realty and Fin. Co.-18.5.7
G
G. & M. Employment Service, Inc. v. Commonwealth-18.16.6
Gallinarov. Fitzpatrick-18.5.5 Garabedian v. Water and Sewerage
Board of Natick-18.17.9
Garneau v. Raytheon Co.-18.20.3 Garrison v. Louisiana-18.16.10 Gault, In re-18.7.ll; 18.16.13 General Motors Acceptance Corp. v.
TABLE OF CASES
589
References are to sections of Volume 18 (1971)
George v. Jordan Marsh Co.-18.13.12; 18.13.20
Gifford v. Spehr-18.10.1
Godfrey v. Massachusetts Medical Serv.-18.16.6
Golden v. Board of Selectmen of Falmouth-18.17.3
Gordon Chemical Co. v. Aetna Cas. and Sur. Co.-18.11.11
Gould v. Gould-18. 7.4 Graham v. Oman-18.9.4
Griswold v. Connecticut-18.7.11
Groppi v. Wisconsin-18.18.4
H
Hahn v. Gottlieb-18.15.14 Hale v. Gravallese-18.9.6
Hale v. Massachusetts Parking
Authority-18.13.19 Hall v. Lyndon-18.13.19
Halliday v. United States-18.19.3 Hannah v. Larche-18.16.13
Harris v. United States-18.18.9
Hasson v. Boothby-18.16.2; 18.16.9 Hofingv. Willis-18.9.6
Holyoke Police Relief Assn. v. Mayor of Holyoke-18.15.4
Hurtado v. California-18.16.12
Insurance Rating Bd. v. Commission-eroflns.-18.11.1; 18.11.22; 18.21.2
ITT Lamp Div. of Inti. Tel. and Tel.
Corpv. Minter-18.2.2
J
James H. Boyle and Sons, Inc. v. Pru-dential Ins. Co.-18.11.7
Johnson v. Travelers Indem. Co.-18.11.4
Jones v. Robbins-18.16.12
Jordan v. County Commrs. of Bris-tol-18.10.1
K
Kauch, Petition of-18. 7.2
King v. Prudential Ins. Co.-18.11.8
L
Ladetto v. Commonwealth-18.16.5 Lembersky v. Parole Bd. of the Dept.
of Correction-18.16.13 Lemon v. Kurtzman-18.16.1
Lombardo v. D. F. Frangioso and Co. -18.13.12
M
McCarthy v. United States-18.19.3 McCollum v. Board of Educ.-18.16.1
McGautha v. California-18.16.5;
18.18.7
Mcinerney v. Massasoit Greyhound Assn.-18.9.1; 18.9.2; 18.9.6 McKeiver v. Pennsylvania-18.18.2 McLaughlin v. Florida-18.7.11 McLaughlin v. Old Colony Trust
Co.-18.9.6
McMahon v. Grafton-18.8.10 MacPherson v. Buick Motor
Co.-18.13.3
McQueen v. Druker-18.12.19 Mack Trucks v. Jet Asphalt and Rock
Co.-18.13.18
Madden v. Madden-18. 7.5 Mailloux v. Kiley-18.16.2
Mann v. Commonwealth-18.18.3
Marshal House, Inc. v. Rent Review and Grievance Bd. of Brookline -18.15.12
Marshal House v. Rent Control Bd. ofBrookline-18.15.12; 18.15.13 Massachusetts v. Laird-18.16.6 Mempa v. Rhay-18.16.13 Meola v. Fitzpatrick-18.16.13 Meyer v. Massachusetts Eye and Ear
References are to sections of Volume 18 ( 1971)
Miley v. John Hancock Mut. Life Ins. Co.-18.11.22
Milton Hosp. and Convalescent Home v. Board of Assessors of Milton -18.3.14
Muldoon v. West End Chevrolet, Inc.-18.9.6
Mystic Valley Gas Co. v. Depart-ment of Pub. Utils.-18.1.3
N
Namet v. United States-18.14.5
Narva v. Commissioner· of Corps. and Taxation-18.3.ll
National Cash Register Co. v. Fire-stone and Co.-18.5.9
New York Times v. Sullivan-18.16.10
Nolan v. Fitzpatrick-18.16.13 Nolan v. Scafati-18.16.13
North Carolina v. Pearce-18.18.3 Norwell, Town of v. Hartford
Acci-dentandlndem. Co.-18.11.5 Nyquist v. Board of Appeals of
Acton-18.17.6
0
O'Brien v. Board of Election Commrs. of Boston-18.15.2 Ohio AFL-CIO v. Insurance Rating
Bd.-18.11.22
Old Colony Trust Co. v. Brockton Savings Bank-18.11.8
O'Mara v. H. P. Hood and Sons-18.4.2; 18.13.10
Opinion of the Justices-18.16.5 Ordwayv. Hargraves-18.16.9;
18.20.6
p
Palko v. Connecticut-18.16.ll
Pappas, Paul, In re-18.16.8 Parkerv. Brown-18.11.22
P & D Service Co. v. Zoning Board of Appeals of Dedham-18.17.4 Peoplev. Erving-18.16.12 Peoplev. Hernandez-18.18.10 Peoplev. McCrae-18.16.12 Perlman v. Feldmann-18.9.6 Perry v. Granada Municipal
Sepa-rate School Dist.-18.16.9
Pic Design Corp. v. Bearings Special-ty Co.-18.13.17
Pierce v. Society of Sisters-18.7.ll Piercefield v. Remington Arms Co.
-18.13.18
Pinnick v. Cleary-18.ll.l9; 18.11.20; 18.16.3
Pino v. Trans-Atlantic Marine, Inc. -18.13.16
Playboy of Boston, Inc. v. Board of Appeal of Boston-18.17.2
Powell v. Rasmussen-18.13.7 Priestley v. Hastings and Sons Publ.
Co.-18.13.14; 18.16.6; 18.16.10 Princev. Massachusetts-18.7.11
R
Ratner v. Canadian Universal Ins. Co.-18.ll.l0
Ravisini v. Auditorium-18.13.19
Revocation of Appointment of Guardian, In re-18.7.3
Ricciardi and Sons Con~tr., Inc. v.
Oman Realty Assoc. Trust-18.10.3
Rich and Son Constr. Co. v. Town of Saugus-18.8.10
Richard v. Massachusetts Port Authority-18.13.19 Richards v. Thurston-18.16.9 Rosenblatt v. Baer-18.16.10
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia, Inc.-18.13.14; 18.16.6; 18.16.10
Roumani v. Leestamper-18.16.2
TABLE OF CASES
591
References are to sections of Volume 18 ( 1971)
s
St. Amant v. Thompson-18.16.10 Salterv. Lawn-18.10.1
Sanders v. Johnson-18.16.1
Santor v. Karagheusian-18.13.18
Savagev. Boies-18.13.20
Schwartz v. Miller and Seddon Co.-18.13.19
Seely v. White Motors Co.-18.13.18 Shaw v. Commercial Ins. Co.-18.11.6 Sheahan v. School Comm. of
Wor-cester-18.6.8
Simpson v. Truesdale Hosp.-18.13.4 Skinnerv. Oklahoma-18.7.11 Sloane, Regina A. H., In re-18.20.5 Smith v. Postal Telegraph Cable Co.
-18.13.11
Smith v. Smith-18.7.5
Snelling v. State Street Bank and Trust Co.-18.5.3
Sostrev. McGinnis-18.16.13
Spade v. Lynn & Boston
R.R.-18.13.11; 18.13.20 Statev. Geiger-18.16.12 Stewart v. Roy Bros.-18.4.2
Still Associates, Inc. v. Murphy-18.5.1; 18.5.9
Stoner v. Planning Bd. of Agawam-18.17.7
Sullivan v. Boston Retirement Bd. -18.15.3
T
Time, Inc. v. Hill-18.16.10
Tinker v. Des Moines Indep. School Dist.-18.16.9
Town Bank and Trust Co. v. Eaton -18.5.4
Travelers Indem. Co. v. Commis-sioner of Ins.-18.11.1
Travelers Ins. Co. v. Graye-18.11.9 Tripoli v. Boston Herald-Traveler
Corp.-18.13.14
Trumper v. City of Quincy-18.17.1
Trustees of Tufts College v. Volpe Constr. Co.-18.9.1; 18.9.3
Turner v. Minasian-18.10.2 Tyreev. Fitzpatrick-18.16.13
u
United Reis Homes, Inc. v. Planning Bd. of Natick-18.17.18
United States v. Blumenthal-18.12.19
UnitedStatesv. Doe-18.16.12 United States v. First Natl. Bank of
Boston-18.5.3
United States v. Harris-18.18.8 United States v. Jackson-18.18.3 United States v. Lanza-18.16.11 United States v. Rabinowitz-18.18.9 United States ex rei. Schuster v.
Herold-18.16.13
United States v. Webb-18.19.3 Usen v. Usen-18.14.4
v
Vazza v. Board of Appeals of Brock-ton-18.17.6
Vinson v. Greenburgh Housing Authority-18.12.19
w
Wallerv. Florida-18.16.11
Walsh v. Commonwealth-18.16.5 Wasik v. Borg-18.13.18
Watson v. City of Cambridge-18.16.9
Wellington v. Commissioner of Corps. and Taxation-18.3.12 Westborough, Town of v.
Depart-ment of Pub. Utils.-18.21.2 Wheatley v. Peirce-18.13.5 White v. George A. Fuller
Co.-18.4.1
References are to sections of Volume 18 ( 1971)
Williamsv. Florida-18.16.5
Wilson v. Holiday Inn Curacao N.V. -18.10.1
Wisev. Kennedy-18.5.9 Witherspoon v. Illinois-18.16.5