Name ______________________________
Period _________ Date ___________________________
Study Guide For Final Exam Part 1-Scientific Method:
1) List the Scientific Method in order:
2) Scientific Method:
a. Observations: What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative observations?
b. What is the difference between observations and inference?
c. Do the following problems:
Key: A. Qualitative observation B. Quantitative observation.
C. Inference
1) The tree is green and brown ______________
2) The tree grows very ripe apples ________________
3) The tree has different size leaves ______________
4) The tree is 250 cm tall _________________
5) The tree loses it’s leaves slower than other trees _______________
3) Hypothesis:
a. What format needs to be used when doing hypothesis?
b. Give me a hypothesis for the following problems:
i. If a motorcycle and a car were to race, which type of vehicle would win?
IF a motorcycle and a car were to race, THEN ________________________________
__________________________________________ BECAUSE ______________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________.
ii. What would happen to a person that consumed too much sugar?
IF a person consumed too much sugar, THEN ________________________________
__________________________________________ BECAUSE ______________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________.
iii. What would happen if a person laid out in the sun for too long
4) Experiment:
1) A scientist wants to test how caffeine will affect a person’s sleeping schedule. The scientist gives one group of 50 people a cup of coffee to drink in the morning every day, while he gives the other group of 50 people a cup of water to drink in the morning every day. The group that drank coffee everyday, averaged 6 hours of sleep everyday; while the group that drank water everyday, averaged 8 hours of sleep everyday.
a) Experimental Group:
b) Control Group:
c) Independent variable:
d) Dependent variable:
2) A group of college students were given a short course in speed-reading. The instructor was curious if money would influence performance on a reading test taken at the end of the course. Half the students were offered $5 for obtaining a certain level of performance on the test, the other half were not offered money.
a) Experimental Group:
b) Control Group:
c) Independent variable:
d) Dependent variable:
5) Graphing Part 1: Tell me what TAILS stands for:
6) Graphing part 2:
a. Determine which variable should be on the x-axis and what should be on the y-axis:
i. The number of flowers per season:
X- AXIS: _______________________
Y-AXIS: ________________________
ii. The increase in mass of watermelons over time
X- AXIS: _______________________
Y-AXIS: ________________________
Do the following graphs: make sure to do the correct ones (line or bar graphs) Data A: Amount of water (mL) absorbed by a plant at the end of each hour for six hours.
Seasons Number of flowers
Summer 140
Winter 10
Fall 65
Spring 115
Mass of Watermelons (g) Time (days)
3 g 5
5 g 10
8 g 15
15 g 20
Data B: Number of mice that were caught in traps during Augus in four different forest preserves.
Part 2-Cell Structure:
1. List the differences between the plant and animal cells.
2. Write the functions of the following organelles and name one analogy for each:
a. Mitochondria- i. Function:
ii. Analogy example:
b. Lysosome- i. Function:
ii. Analogy example:
c. Golgi Apparatus- i. Function:
ii. Analogy example:
d. Endoplasmic Reticulum- i. Function:
ii. Analogy example:
e. Vacuole-
i. Function:
ii. Analogy example:
f. Cell membrane- i. Function:
ii. Analogy example:
g. Ribosomes- i. Function:
ii. Analogy example:
h. Nucleus-
i. Function:
ii. Analogy example:
i. Cytoplasm- i. Function:
ii. Analogy example:
j. Chloroplast- i. Function:
Time (hours) 1 2 3 4 5 6
mL of water 3 5 8 12 14 18
Number
of mice 26 55 37 65
Forest
Preserve Thatcher
Woods Camp
Sagawau Fresh
Meadow Bemis Woods
ii. Analogy example:
k. Cell Wall-
i. Function:
ii. Analogy example:
3. What is the difference between a eukaryotic and a prokaryotic cell?
4. Name the English scientist that made a simple microscope and looked at a piece of cork:
5. Label the different parts of the plant and animal cell:
6. What is the difference between the plant and animal’s cell shape?
7. What is the difference between the plant and animal’s vacuoles?
Part 3- Osmosis and Diffusion
1. What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
a. What is diffusion?
b. What is an example of diffusion?
c. Draw a picture of diffusion and label the following: i) high concentration ii) low concentration iii) arrow that shows the directions of movement
a. What is osmosis?
b. What is an example of osmosis?
c. Draw a picture of osmosis and label the following: i) high concentration of water ii) low concentration of water iii) arrow to show the direction of movement iv) selectively permeable membrane.
2. Define the following words:
a. permeable:
b. impermeable:
c. selectively permeable:
d. solute:
e. solvent:
f. homeostasis:
g. hydrophilic:
h. hydrophobic:
3. Draw and label the plasma membrane:
a. phospholipid bilayer b. phospholipid molecule:
i. polar head (phosphate head) ii. nonpolar tail (fatty acid tail) c. protein channel
d. carbohydrates e. cholesterol
5. What does the plasma (cell) membrane do?
6. Draw a phospholipid and label the polar and nonpolar parts:
7. Which part of the phospholipid love water? The polar head or nonpolar tail?
8. Which part of the phospholipid hates water? The polar head or nonpolar tail?
9. What is the difference between passive and active transport? (look at notes or book)
8. Explain why the plasma membrane is called a Fluid Mosaic Model:
9. Solute moves from ________________ (high or low) concentration to ________________ (high or low) concentration.
We call this moving ________________ (up or down) the concentration gradient.
10. When the cell has a lot of water (high water concentration), it has _____________ (high or low) solute concentration.
11. When the cell has a little amount of water (low water concentration), it has _____________ (high or low) solute concentration.
12. This is a model of osmosis divided by a selectively permeable membrane. Label the following:
a)selectively permeable membrane b) direction of movement c) Which side will have the water level rise?
13) Osmosis: Label the pictures below (isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic) Show arrows for the movement of water.
______________________ ____________________ ______________________
14) Write under each cell what type of solution they are in: hypertonic solution? Hypotonic solution? Isotonic solution?
15) What type of solution does the plant prefer? Why?
16) What type of solution does the animal prefer? Why?
17) Answer the following questions for the following solutions: hypotonic solution. Isotonic solution.
Hypertonic solution.
a) What solution has high water concentration?
b) What solution has low water concentration?
c) What solution has high solute concentration?
d) What solution has low solute concentration?
e) What solution has the same water and solute concentration inside and outside of the cell?
f) The cell explodes and burts?
g) The cell shrinks and shrivels?
18) Do the following:
Part 4-Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration (THE LONGEST PART ON THE FINAL)
1) What is an autotroph? Give an example. What is a heterotroph? Give an example.
2) Are humans an autotroph or a heterotroph? Explain why.
3) What are the two laws of thermodynamics? Explain them in YOUR OWN WORDS. Give an example for each.
4) What does ATP stand for and what does it give us?
5) What are 3 things cells use ATP for?
6) What is the molecular formula of glucose?
7) Explain why the leaves change colors in the fall?
8) What pigment is responsible for the green color? What pigment is responsible for the yellow, orange, and red color?
9) What is an anabolic reaction? Catabolic reaction?
10) Give the equations for both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. MEMORIZE!!!
11) Explain what happens in the light reaction.
12) Where does the light reaction take place (be specific)?
13) Explain what happens in the calvin cycle.
14) Where does the calvin cycle take place (be specific)?
15) Where does photosynthesis take place?
16) Draw the structure of the chloroplast and label the following:
a. thylakoid b. grana c. stroma
d. outer membrane
17) About how many ATP molecules result from the breakdown of one glucose?
18) List the three stages of cellular respiration.
19) List where the 3 stages of cellular respiration takes place.
20) Draw the structure of the mitochondria and label the following:
a. Cristae b. Matrix
c. Outer membrane
21) Define anaerobic and aerobic
22) Explain what happens in glycolysis.
23) Explain what happens in Krebs cycle.
24) Explain what happens in the electron transport chain.
25) Know how many ATP molecules each stage in cellular respiration produces:
a. Glycolysis- b. Krebs Cycle- c. ETC-
********THERE WILL BE AN ACT/COLLEGE PREP SECTION THAT WILL TEST YOU ON YOUR ABILITY TO READ PASSAGES, ANALYZE DATA TABLES, AND GRAPHS.
THIS SECTION IS INCREDIBLY IMPORTANT AND WE WILL BE GOING THROUGH A LOT OF PRACTICE THIS WEEK.
